2020版高考英語(yǔ)大二輪復(fù)習(xí) 專(zhuān)題一 語(yǔ)法填空與短文改錯(cuò) 第一部分 題型解讀 題型二 短文改錯(cuò)學(xué)案 新人教版

題型二　短文改錯(cuò)一、動(dòng)詞形式動(dòng)詞形式的錯(cuò)誤設(shè)置一般包括以下三個(gè)方面：1．動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤2．主、謂不一致的錯(cuò)誤3．非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的誤用[典例1]　Onewasthat...AndtheotheristhatIwantedtohelppeopleinneed.(2019·全國(guó)Ⅱ)[is→was　考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)整篇文章使用的都是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，且上文中的“One was that...”用的也是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，所以最后一句話時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)為一般過(guò)去時(shí)這里講述當(dāng)時(shí)做決定時(shí)的原因故將is改為was][典例2]　Nowmydreamistoopensacafe.Thoughitmayappearsimple，itrequiredalotofideasandefforts.(2019·全國(guó)Ⅲ)[opens→open　不定式作表語(yǔ)，to后用動(dòng)詞原形故把opens改為openrequired→requires　后一句考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)短文的主體時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)故把required改為requires][典例3]　Ibecameinterestinginplayingfootballthankstoasmallaccident.(2019·全國(guó)Ⅰ)[interesting→interested　考查形容詞。

短語(yǔ)become interested in意為“變得對(duì)……感興趣”interesting有趣的，吸引人的，通常描述事物；interested感興趣的，通常描述人的感受本句主語(yǔ)是人，故把interesting改為interested][典例4]　IfIsucceedinmanageone，Iwillopenmore.(2019·全國(guó)Ⅲ)[manage→managing　考查非謂詞動(dòng)詞succeed in doing sth.成功做某事]名師點(diǎn)津：考生應(yīng)認(rèn)真分析動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)是否正確，是否應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式尤其要根據(jù)上下文所提供的時(shí)間信息(包括明信息：時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)；暗信息：上下文語(yǔ)境)仔細(xì)推敲，從而確定正確的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)同時(shí)還需要考慮動(dòng)詞的及物與不及物以及主謂一致與虛擬語(yǔ)氣二、名詞的數(shù)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的錯(cuò)誤設(shè)置一般包括以下三個(gè)方面：1．可數(shù)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的錯(cuò)用：一般考查錯(cuò)把復(fù)數(shù)用作單數(shù)，有時(shí)也考查錯(cuò)把單數(shù)用作復(fù)數(shù)2．不可數(shù)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的錯(cuò)用：不可數(shù)名詞沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式3．可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞混淆：有些詞既可用作可數(shù)名詞也可用作不可數(shù)名詞，應(yīng)注意具體語(yǔ)境解題時(shí)要理清可數(shù)與不可數(shù)名詞之間的區(qū)別與聯(lián)系；記清一些用于固定詞組中名詞的特殊用法。

[典例5]　Allthefootballplayerontheplaygroundcheeredloudly，sayingthatIhadatalentforfootball.(2019·全國(guó)Ⅰ)[player→players　“player(運(yùn)動(dòng)員)”為可數(shù)名詞，所以all(所有的)后需要用player的復(fù)數(shù)形式故將player改為players][典例6]　SinceIwasakid，I’veconsidereddifferentjobIwouldliketodo.(2019·全國(guó)Ⅱ)[job→jobs　“job(工作；職業(yè))”為可數(shù)名詞，用different(不同的)修飾時(shí)意思為不同種類(lèi)的工作，應(yīng)該用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式故將job改為jobs][典例7]　Iwishtohaveachainofcafesinmanydifferentcity.(2019·全國(guó)Ⅲ)[city→cities　many different后跟可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式故把city改為cities]三、注意形和副形容詞和副詞的錯(cuò)誤設(shè)置一般包括以下兩個(gè)方面：1．形容詞和副詞的誤用2．原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的誤用[典例8]　Istoppedtheballandkickedithardlybacktotheplayground.(2019·全國(guó)Ⅰ)[hardly→hard　“hard(用力地)”與“hardly(幾乎不)”都為副詞，但是詞義不同。

此處表示“我用力把球踢回操場(chǎng)”，故將hardly改為hard][典例9]　First，Iwantedtobeafireman，whoseuniformlookedsocoolly.(2019·全國(guó)Ⅱ)[coolly→cool　句中的look為系動(dòng)詞，系動(dòng)詞后需用形容詞作表語(yǔ)故將coolly改為cool][典例10]　OnewasthatIwasamazingatthefactthatasickpersoncouldfeelmuchbetterafterseeingadoctor.(2019·全國(guó)Ⅱ)[amazing→amazed　amazed吃驚的，驚訝的；amazing令人吃驚的，令人驚訝的v.-ed形容詞說(shuō)明人的感受，意為“感到……的”；v.-ing形容詞描述人或事物本身具有的特征，意為“令人……的”，此處說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)I的感受，故用v.-ed形式的形容詞][典例11]　WhatIwantisnotjustanordinarilycafebutaveryspecialone.(2019·全國(guó)Ⅲ)[ordinarily→ordinary　修飾名詞cafe應(yīng)用形容詞故把ordinarily改為 ordinary。

]四、代詞的格與數(shù)代詞的錯(cuò)誤設(shè)置一般包括以下兩個(gè)方面：1．人稱(chēng)代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞等2．不定代詞的誤用及混用[典例12]　Inthecafe，customerswillenjoyyourselvesinthehistoricalenvironmentthatiscreatedforthem.(2019·全國(guó)Ⅲ)[yourselves→themselves　此處指代主語(yǔ)customers，故把 yourselves改為 themselves]五、介詞短語(yǔ)須關(guān)注介詞的錯(cuò)誤設(shè)置主要考查介詞短語(yǔ)和習(xí)慣用法的搭配[典例13]　Iwantmycafetohaveaspecialthemesuchaslike“TangDynasty”．(2019·全國(guó)Ⅲ)[刪除like　such as和like都表示“例如”，句意重復(fù)故把like刪除]六、連詞、從句常光顧1．連詞but，and，or，because，so的用法錯(cuò)誤考生應(yīng)認(rèn)真分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，如果是并列句或復(fù)合句，要特別注意前后分句或主從句的關(guān)系，確保在意義和結(jié)構(gòu)上通順流暢[典例14]　Suddenlyafootballfelljustinfrontofmebutalmosthitme.(2019·全國(guó)Ⅰ)[but→and　“足球落下來(lái)”與“打到我”兩個(gè)動(dòng)作是順承關(guān)系，不是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。

故將but改為and][典例15]　WhenIstudiedchemistryinhighschool，Ireconsideredmygoalordecidedtobeadoctor.(2019·全國(guó)Ⅱ)[or→and　reconsidered my goal和decided to be a doctor之間為順承關(guān)系，并非選擇關(guān)系，故將or改為and]2．各大從句細(xì)揣摩[典例16]　OneafternoonwhereIwasinprimaryschool，Iwaswalkingbytheschoolplayground.(2019·全國(guó)Ⅰ)[where→when　本句含有一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為One afternoon，且引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞when故把where改為when]1(2019·河北唐山?jīng)_刺三)Philwasatravelingsalesmanandheenjoyeddrinkalcoholverymuch.Oneday，hewenttoastrangetownandspendtheeveninginasmallrestaurant.He’ddrunkquitealotandhadjustcomeoutoftherestaurantashesawanothermeninthemiddleoftheroad.Theothermanhadbeenintherestaurant，either.AndhehaddrunkevenmorethanPhilhad.He’dobviouslyseensomethingstrangelyintheskybecauseofhewaspointingup.“Excuseme，”themanaskedPhil，“isthatthesunandthemoon？”P(pán)hillookedatitforasecondandthensaid，“I’mafraidIcan’thelphim.I’malsostrangerheremyself.”答案Philwasatravelingsalesmanandheenjoyedalcoholverymuch.Oneday，hewenttoastrangetownandtheeveninginasmallrestaurant.He’ddrunkquitealotandhadjustcomeoutoftherestauranthesawanotherinthemiddleoftheroad.Theothermanhadbeenintherestaurant，.AndhehaddrunkevenmorethanPhilhad.He’dobviouslyseensomethingintheskybecauseofhewaspointingup.“Excuseme，”themanaskedPhil，“isthatthesunthemoon？”P(pán)hillookedatitforasecondandthensaid，“I’mafraidIcan’thelp.I’malsostrangerheremyself.”2(2019·遼寧實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)模擬)Ihavelotsofhobbies，likeskating，painting，andsurfingtheInternet，andsoon.Networkisnowwideusedinpeople’slife.Icandosuchthingsasmakingfriends，playinggamesandstudyingonline，thatgreatlyenrichmylife.Networkhaschangedthewayweliveandmakesourlifeeasythanbefore.Skatingisagoodwaytoexerciseandit’sbeneficialtoourhealthy，butIlikepaintingbest.Myparentsencouragemeenjoythepaintingprocessandthebeautyofart.Ifmypaintingtechniqueisnotgood，Ireallydevotemetoit.AndItrulybelieveIwouldabsolutelybethepainterinthefuture.答案　Ihavelotsofhobbies，likeskating，painting，andsurfingtheInternet，andsoon.Networkisnowusedinpeople’slife.Icandosuchthingsasmakingfriends，playinggamesandstudyingonline，greatlyenrichmylife.Networkhaschangedthewayweliveandmakesourlifethanbefore.Skatingisagoodwaytoexerciseandit’sbeneficialtoour，butIlikepaintingbest.Myparentsencouragemeenjoythepaintingprocessandthebeautyofart.mypaintingtechniqueisnotgood，Ireallydevotetoit.AndItrulybelieveIabsolutelybepainterinthefuture.第一處：考查并列賓語(yǔ)。

分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，like...為介賓短語(yǔ)此處是并列賓語(yǔ)，根據(jù)andsoon可知前面的and是多余的，故去掉第二處：考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換此處used是動(dòng)詞，由副詞來(lái)修飾，故把wide改為widely第三處：考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，引導(dǎo)詞指代前面的整個(gè)句子，故把that改為which第四處：考查比較級(jí)根據(jù)than可知此處應(yīng)用比較級(jí)，故把easy改為easier第五處：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換此處our是形容詞性物主代詞，修飾名詞，故把healthy改為health第六處：考查固定搭配固定搭配：encouragesb.todosth.“鼓勵(lì)某人做某事”故在enjoy前加to第七處：考查狀語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知此處是讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，故把If改為T(mén)hough/Although/While第八處：考查固定搭配固定搭配：devoteoneselfto“致力于，獻(xiàn)身于”故把devote后面的me改為myself第九處：考查時(shí)態(tài)由句中的“Itrulybelieveinthefuture”可知句子用一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)，故把would改為will第十處：考查不定冠詞結(jié)合句意可知此處表示“泛指”，又由painter的發(fā)音是以輔音音素開(kāi)頭的，故把painter前的the改為a。

強(qiáng)化練(二)1(2019·山東淄博二模)ItcanbeseenfromthepictureMrLiu，whowearsamask，waswalkinghisdog.Interestingly，hisdogwhichalsowearsamask.Inrecentyear，airpollutionhasbecomemoreandmoreseriousinsomeareas，whichhaveledtosevereconsequences.Tosolvethisproblem，firstlyofall，weshouldraisethepublicawarenessofprotectingtheenvironment.Secondly，thegovernmentoughttopunishtheillegalactspollutingtheenvironmentsevere.Thirdly，wemustdoourbesttoprotectingtheenvironmentinourdailylife.Onlyinthiswaycanhumanbeingsandanimalsshareapleasantplanetorliveahappylife.答案ItcanbeseenfromthepictureMrLiu，whowearsamask，walkinghisdog.Interestingly，hisdogwhichalsowearsamask.Inrecent，airpollutionhasbecomemoreandmoreseriousinsomeareas，whichledtosevereconsequences.Tosolvethisproblem，ofall，weshouldraisethepublicawarenessofprotectingtheenvironment.Secondly，thegovernmentoughttopunishtheillegalactspollutingtheenvironment.Thirdly，wemustdoourbesttotheenvironmentinourdailylife.Onlyinthiswaycanhumanbeingsandanimalsshareapleasantplanetliveahappylife.2(2019·安徽師大附中檢測(cè))Mymomanddadaregreatcooks，butIalwaysenjoystayingathomeandhavingdeliciousfood.IrememberedwhenIwasaboutsix，allthekidsinmyneighborhoodwantedhamburgersandchips，butsomedidn’thavemoneytobuyit.Somyfathertriedtomakesomeontheweekendandaskedthemeatatmyhomeforthefree.Thekidswereveryhappier.Ithelpedmemakelotsoffriend.NowIoftencookingformyparents，andtheylikemydishes，either.It’sreallyrelaxingtositaroundatableformyparents，eatingandtalkingtogether.答案Mymomanddadaregreatcooks，Ialwaysenjoystayingathomeandhavingdeliciousfood.IwhenIwasaboutsix，allthekidsinmyneighborhoodwantedhamburgersandchips，butsomedidn’thavemoneytobuy.Somyfathertriedtomakesomeontheweekendandaskedthemeatatmyhomeforthefree.Thekidswerevery.Ithelpedmemakelotsof.NowIoftenformyparents，andtheylikemydishes，.It’sreallyrelaxingtositaroundatablemyparents，eatingandtalkingtogether.3(2019·湖北黃岡模擬)DearMsSmith，I’mwritingtoaskwhetheryoucoulddomefavor.I’vejustfinishedanessaynaming“DifferencesbetweentraditionalChineseandWesternfestivals”，soI’mnotsurewhetheritiswellwritten.Tobehonestly，I’mnotthatfamiliarwithsometraditionalWesternfestivals.That’sbecauseI’mturningtoyouforhelp.I’dappreciateitifyoucouldsparesometimetolookintomyessayforpossiblemistakesandpolishthem.Also，I’mlookingforwardtoyourvaluableadvices.Myessayhasbeensendingtoyoualongwiththisemail.Ihopeitwon’tcauseyoutoomuchmoretrouble.Thankyouinadvance.Yourssincerely，LiHua答案DearMsSmith，I’mwritingtoaskwhetheryoucoulddomefavor.I’vejustfinishedanessay“DifferencesbetweentraditionalChineseandWesternfestivals”，I’mnotsurewhetheritiswellwritten.Tobe，I’mnotthatfamiliarwithsometraditionalWesternfestivals.That’sI’mturningtoyouforhelp.I’dappreciateitifyoucouldsparesometimetolookmyessayforpossiblemistakesandpolish.Also，I’mlookingforwardtoyourvaluable.Myessayhasbeentoyoualongwiththisemail.Ihopeitwon’tcauseyoutoomuchmoretrouble.Thankyouinadvance.Yourssincerely，LiHua4(2019·河南實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)模擬)Itwasarainandcoldnight.Ifinishmyeveningclassesandwasabouttogobacktomyhouse.Igotintoataxiandtoldthedrivermydestination.Tomysurprise，thedrivermadeanapology，sayshedidn’tknowtheway.Whatcomeataxidriverdidn’tknowtheway？Iwasalittleofangry.Atthemoment，anoldcouplestoppedourcar.Theirdestinationwasthesameasme，soheletthemin.Thetwogreetedusbutthegrandpatoldthedrivertheway.FromtheirconversationIknewthedriverwasafarmerandhehasbeenataxidriverjustforthreedays.I’malsonewtoZhengzhou.SometimesImakedirectionmistakes，butthereisalwaysapersoncanhelpme.Itwascoldoutside，butIfeltrealwarm.答案Itwasaandcoldnight.Imyeveningclassesandwasabouttogobacktomyhouse.Igotintoataxiandtoldthedrivermydestination.Tomysurprise，thedrivermadeanapology，hedidn’eataxidriverdidn’tknowtheway? Iwasalittleofangry.Atthemoment，anoldcouplestoppedourcar.Theirdestinationwasthesameas，soheletthemin.Thetwogreetedusthegrandpatoldthedrivertheway.FromtheirconversationIknewthedriverwasafarmerandhebeenataxidriverjustforthreedays.I’malsonewtoZhengzhou.SometimesImakedirectionmistakes，butthereisalwaysapersoncanhelpme.Itwascoldoutside，butIfeltwarm.9。