2019高考英語 基礎(chǔ)保分篇 第八講 構(gòu)詞法講與練 新人教版

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1、 第八講　構(gòu)詞法 李仕才 讀語篇，悟語法。反復(fù)朗讀下列短文，領(lǐng)悟畫線黑體部分。思考：畫線的單詞有什么特點(diǎn)？各種前綴如何用？各種前綴表示什么意思？單詞加了前綴后詞性有沒有變化？ John and his father never agree on one thing, so they often disapprove[1] of each other, for there was some misunderstanding[2] between them. Once, John and his parents went to his aunt’s home for dinne

2、r. When they left after dinner, John said “Bye－bye！” to his aunt in a low voice. However, his father didn’t hear it and he thought John misbehaved[3] himself for it was impolite[4] to leave without saying goodbye.John insisted that he did say it, but his father didn’t listen to him. From then on, Jo

3、hn was unfriendly[5] to his father, which made his father extremely unhappy[6]. Undoubtedly[7], it is unwise[8] of John to do so. After all, they are father and son. His father sent him to a class of manners to enrich[9] his knowledge of manners, which his father believed would enable[10] him to be

4、a good－mannered boy. John’s father said he was angry at his son’s dishonesty[11]，which would certainly endanger[12] his future. His father’s nonstop[13] nonsense caused John much discomfort[14]. John had to go to the class. Later on，he did everything against his father’s will. 1.dis－表示“相反或否定”意義的前綴。

5、approve贊同→disapprove不贊同，反對。 2 mis－表示“錯(cuò)誤或否定”意義的前綴。understand理解→misunderstand誤解，misunderstanding是其名詞形式。 3.mis－表示“錯(cuò)誤或否定”意義的前綴。behave表現(xiàn)得體→misbehave行為不端。 4.前綴im－通常加在以字母p開頭的形容詞前，表示“不、非”的意思，polite有禮貌的→impolite沒禮貌的；而同是表示“不、非”的前綴－il常加在以字母l開頭的單詞前；前綴－ir則常加在以字母r開頭的單詞前。 5～8.前綴un－通常加在形容詞或副詞的前面，表示“不、非”的意思，frie

6、ndly友好的→unfriendly不友好的，happy開心的→unhappy不開心的。 9～10.前綴en－通常加在形容詞前面，表示“使……”的意思，rich豐富的→enrich使豐富，使充實(shí)；able能夠→enable使能夠。一般的前綴不會(huì)改變詞性，但前綴en－會(huì)改變所加的單詞的詞性。 11.dis－表示“相反或否定”意義的前綴。dis－可以加在名詞的前面，honesty誠實(shí)→dishonesty不誠實(shí)。 12.前綴en－也可以加在名詞前面，表示“使……”的意思，danger危險(xiǎn)→endanger危及。 13.前綴non－構(gòu)成形容詞、副詞和名詞，表示“無、沒有”的意思。 14.d

7、is－表示“相反或否定”意義的前綴。dis－可以加在名詞的前面，comfort舒服→discomfort不舒服。 Ⅰ.單句填空(用所給單詞的正確形式填空) 1. I was supposed to arrive at the airport on time.Unfortunately (fortunate), I was held up by the heavy traffic jam. 2. Therefore, when they become older they are unable(able) to do any other kind of work. 3. Very e

8、arly the next morning, amazingly, we got completely satisfied in a totally unexpected(expect) way. 4. I won’t do the purchase because the price of this dress is unreasonable(reason). 5. Job applicants(apply) need to show their ability to be both organized and flexible in taking on many tasks at th

9、e same time. 6.All facts are the source of conclusions(conclude). 7.However, most scientists(science) agree that EQ has a lot to do with education(educate). 8.Excellent oral and written communication(communicate) skills in Chinese and English are of importance(important). 9. Fresh fruits and veg

10、etables can provide much of our daily requirement(require). 10. It is your freedom(free) to do what you want after class. 11. As is known to us all, the Entrance Exam is a great competition,__and the students are competitors.(compete) 12. I am so thankful(thank) to you for your help. 13. He gave

11、 me some constructive(construct) suggestions. 14. A jury’s decision in a court case must be absolutely objective(object). 15. He devoted much money to building schools in mountainous(mountain) areas. 16. Unfortunately, my car broke down on a muddy(mud) road. 17. Everyone should play his part in

12、building a harmonious(harmony) society. 18. The mysterious(mystery) letter sent from Taiwan made the professor lost in thought. 19. To make myself relaxed,__I would do some relaxing exercise after work. (relax) 20. All the children felt discouraged when they heard the discouraging news. (discoura

13、ge) 21. We apologized (apology) for the late departure of this flight. 22.The article can lengthen (long) out a little by adding some examples. 23.His illness worsened (worse) during the night. 24.Letting that animal escape was no accident; you did it intentionally(intention). 25.The black peop

14、le were against slavery and fought for their freedom bravely(brave). 26.Our products are sold worldwide (world). 27.He went out of the office hurriedly (hurry) to run after her. 28.I lost my balance and fell backward (back). 29.They live in the western(west) part of the village. 30.It’s very im

15、portant to eat healthily(health). Ⅲ.單句改錯(cuò)(下列每句中有一處錯(cuò)誤，每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改，請指出并改正。) 1.A difficult person will be easier to cooperate if understand is achieved.understand→understanding 2.The actually reasons for this phenomenon are the subject of a very heated discussion.actually→actual 3.It’s surp

16、rised what people will do for money.surprised→surprising 4.When facing danger, one should keep calmly.calmly→calm 5.Are you being completely honesty about your feelings？honesty→honest 6.I was thrilling to be invited.thrilling→thrilled 7.Hopeful, we’ll arrive before dark.Hopeful→Hopefully 8.I fe

17、lt extreme upset, and I couldn’t believe my mother refused to help the animal.extreme→extremely 9.Was she telling me the true or trying to cheat me？true→truth 10.In this increasingly competitive world, we are supposed to enrich ourselves constant to keep in pace with the modern society.constant→co

18、nstantly Ⅲ.語篇填空(閱讀下列短文，用括號中所給單詞的正確形式填空) A father sat at his desk looking at and carefully studying his 1.________ (month) bills when his young son rushed in and announced, “Dad, because this is your birthday and you’re 55 years old, I’m going to give you 55 kisses, one for each year！” But the fath

19、er exclaimed, “Oh, Andrew, don’t do it now; I’m too busy ！” The youngster immediately fell 2.________ (silence) as tears flew down from his big blue eyes.3.________ (apologetical) the father said, “You can finish later.” The boy said nothing but 4.________ (quiet) walked away，5.________ (disappoin

20、t) written over his face. That evening the father said, “Come and finish the kisses now, Andrew！” But the boy didn’t respond. 6.________ (fortunate), the boy had an accident and was drowned. His heartbroken father wrote，“If only I could tell him how much I regret my 7.________ (thought) words, and

21、could be assured that he knows how much my heart is aching. ” Love is a two－way street. Any loving act must be 8.________ (warm) accepted or it will be taken as 9.________ (reject) and can leave a scar. Nothing is more 10.________ (importance) than responding with love to the cry for love from thos

22、e who are near and precious to us. 【語篇導(dǎo)讀】　一個(gè)小孩在父親55歲生日時(shí)想給父親55個(gè)吻，但這位父親因太忙叫兒子等以后有空再吻，幾天后這個(gè)小男孩不幸溺水身亡，父親傷心欲絕。故事告誡我們，對于那些在我們身邊對我們彌足珍貴的人來說，用愛去回應(yīng)他們愛的渴望，這是最重要的。 1.monthly　[在名詞前作定語用形容詞，表示“每月的”填monthly。] 2.silent　[在系動(dòng)詞fell后作表語用形容詞。] 3.Apologetically　[修飾謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語用副詞。] 4.quietly　[修飾謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語用副詞。] 5.disappointment　[后面有過去分詞短語，應(yīng)是名詞與過去分詞短語構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。] 6.Unfortunately　[修飾全句作狀語用副詞，溺水身亡是“不幸地”。] 7.thoughtless　[在名詞前作定語用形容詞，根據(jù)文意，加表示否定意義的后綴－less。] 8.warmly　[修飾謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語用副詞。] 9.rejection　[在介詞后作賓語用名詞。] 10.important　[在系動(dòng)詞is后作表語用形容詞。] 5