（全國）2020高考英語大一輪復(fù)習(xí) 話題版主題語境 Unit 3 個人情況（三）講義

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1、個人情況 Ⅰ.單詞拼寫 1.From the experience I learned a lot about how the attitude(態(tài)度) of the leader can affect the members of a team.(2018·天津) 2.The average(平均的) number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007.(2018·全國Ⅰ) 3.According to the data referred to，the local peo

2、ple were to blame(責(zé)備). 4.He strongly resembles his father in character(性格). 5.Learning roller skating as a beginner and falling down from time to time in the central square where people give you curious looks，really needs courage(勇氣). 6. The house has many interesting features(特點).The one I like

3、best is a large Victorian fireplace. 7.The higher rating means the higher quality(質(zhì)量) of the product，or better service.(2018·江蘇) 8. Even though she had to compete against many competitors, she stayed positive(積極的). 9.The car shaped(塑造) some of the most lasting aspects of American culture.(2018·浙江

4、) 10.Drunk driving is unforgivable for ordinary(普通的) people，let alone public figures. Ⅱ.單句語法填空 1.His appearance(appear) was different from what I’d expected. 2.Arts activity(active) demands a joint effort.It involves creation，performance，and promotion. 3.The application(apply) of new technologi

5、es and the wide appeal of movie stars could also account for the increase.(2017·江蘇) 4.Now this former royal palace is open to the public as a major tourist attraction(attract). 5.The floors of all campus buildings(build) are equipped with manual fire alarm systems which include fire alarm pull sta

6、tions and pipes.(2018·天津) 6.Although many have spoken out against this “blood sport”，bullfighters(斗牛士) are highly respected for their strength，skills and bravery(brave). 7.Children’s comparing themselves to others online may lead to lower self-identity and confidence(confident).(2018·江蘇) 8.Becaus

7、e of the confusion(confuse)，Merat thinks some car makers will wait until vehicles can be fully automated without human operation.(2017·天津) 9.Some people believe that they can’t help putting on weight(weigh) as they get older. 10.When the huge earthquake hit Wenchuan and other areas in Sichuan，the

8、Chinese government’s honesty(honest) and openness about the disaster won the respect and aid of many Western countries. Ⅲ.單句改錯(每小題僅有1處錯誤) 1.Some social app companies were to because they didn’t adequately check their users’ registration. 2.You can rely on that he will take good care of your pet

9、 dog while you are away. 3.In fact，pigs are curious and insightful animals thought to have intelligence beyond that of average 3-year-old human child. 4.Believe it or not，your attitude money is more important than how much you have. 5.Being on bad terms with one’s neighbors can be a very exper

10、ience. Ⅳ.選詞填空 1.His grandmother likes finding fault with others who talk with her on the spot. 2.Days later，we made an offer—far below the asking price.Surprisingly，they didn’t laugh at us. 3.As time went by，he gradually lost patience，becoming easily angry. 4.Both of us had the qualities and

11、virtues that are typical of American actors: humorous，aggressive，and making fun of each other—but always with an underlying affection.(2017·全國Ⅱ) 5.Recently，with her extraordinary act of kindness，a teenage girl in the US has set an example to others of her age around the world. 6.The little boy in

12、rags cast his eyes on a cake in the shop window and his mouth was watering. Ⅴ.同義詞語替換 1.A generation of children risked growing up worried about their looks and image as a result of the unrealistic lifestyles they follow on platforms.(2018·江蘇)appearance 2.TOKNOW makes complex ideas attractive and

13、accessible to children，who can become involved in advanced concepts and even philosophy(哲學(xué)).(2017·北京)appealing 3.He was a man of medium height，his eyes shining with joy.average 4.She was a courageous and determined girl with rich imagination.brave 5.After what seemed like a safe amount of time，I

14、read the poem again and was puzzled. (2016·上海) confused 6.She tries to keep healthy by jogging every day.fit 7.For many who made it to Dawson，however，the rewards were worth the difficult trip. (2018·全國Ⅲ) tough 8.Eventually，she was exhausted with hard work and could not put up with it any more

15、.worn out the attitude to/towards對……的態(tài)度 in a(n)...attitude以……態(tài)度 (1)She shows a very positive attitude to/towards her work. (2)What are the attitudes of the students? (3)How did he do the job in such an attitude? average adj.(無比較級)平均的；平常的 n.平均；平均數(shù)；一般水平；平均標(biāo)準(zhǔn) an average of平均有(后跟數(shù)詞

16、)…… the average of...……的平均數(shù) up to the average達(dá)到平均水平 on (an/the) average平均；一般地 above/below (the) average在平均水平以上/以下 (1)An average of 10 students were(be) absent each day last term. (2)The team found that flowers kept away from the sun had leaves that were 10 percent smaller on (an/the) average

17、(平均).(2018·黑龍江哈爾濱三中二模) [熟詞生義]　選擇句子中average的漢語意思 (3)Freddy was an average student，but not an average person. A A.普通的　　B.典型的　　C.平均的 易錯點撥　“an average of＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)；“the average of＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。 (1)be confident of/about對……有信心 (2)confidence n.自信心；信任 with confidence＝confidently自信地；

18、有信心地 in confidence私下地；秘密地 have confidence in對……有信心 have confidence to do...有做……的信心 (1)He answered that question confidently/with confidence(自信地). (2)I told you that in confidence(私下地)，so why did you tell Joan about it? (3)We should encourage him to have confidence in/be confident about(對……有信

19、心) himself. (4)[同義句改寫]　He was confident of/about success. →He was confident that he would succeed. →He has confidence in success. →He has confidence to succeed. 易錯點撥　表示“自信能做某事”時，be confident后通常接of/about (doing) sth. 或that從句，不接不定式，但名詞confidence后面卻可接不定式，不接of/about doing。 (1)be/become curious

20、about對……感到好奇 be curious to do sth. 極想做某事 It’s curious that...真奇怪…… (2)curiosity n.好奇；好奇心 out of curiosity出于好奇 with curiosity＝curiously好奇地 meet/satisfy one’s curiosity滿足某人的好奇心 (1)In high school，I became curious about(變得對……好奇起來) the computer，and built my first website.(2016·北京) (2)The people

21、 in the hall seemed very nosy(愛窺探的)，keeping their eyes on me with curiosity/curiously(好奇地).(2018·天津) [句式升級] (3)He was curious about Australian cities，so he read the book written by Dr Johnson.(用形容詞短語作狀語改寫) Curious about Australian cities，he read the book written by Dr Johnson. (1)be delighted

22、 at/with sth. /to do sth. 為(做)某事而高興 (2)delight n.高興；令人高興的事；樂趣 vt.使高興；使欣喜 to one’s delight＝to the delight of sb. 使某人高興的是 with delight高興地 take delight in (doing) sth. 以(做)某事為樂 (3)delight in (doing) sth. 以(做)某事為樂 delight sb. with sth. 用某物使某人高興 (4)delightful adj.令人愉快的，使人高興的 (1)The gardens show

23、 the human spirit of architecture，poetry and painting，so that today their delightful(delight) creativity，lines and rhythm can be imagined by everyone. (2)The classic Walt Disney story already sounds like it’ll be a delight for both children and adults. (2018·內(nèi)蒙古赤峰模擬) (3)His wife told reporters th

24、at she was delighted with/at his new look and that it made him look kind and handsome.(2018·安徽馬鞍山二模) (4)To my delight/To the delight of me(令我高興的是)，I was chosen from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony. (5)We delight in/take delight in(樂于) going for long walks in the country. 易錯點

25、撥　現(xiàn)代英語中不存在delighting這個形容詞，所以不要用它來表示delightful的意思。 (1)be determined to do...決心做……(表示狀態(tài)) (2)determine vi.& vt.決定；確定；(使)下定決心 determine to do...決定做……(表示動作) determine on/upon sth. 決定…… (3)determination n.決心；堅定；果斷 with determination堅決地；果斷地 (1)Determined(determine) to be myself，move forward，fre

26、e of shame and worldly labels(世俗標(biāo)簽)，I can now call myself a “marathon winner”.(2018·北京) (2)[同義句改寫]　I have determined to spend(spend) my holiday at home. →I have determined on/upon spending my holiday at home. [句式升級] (3)Johnny broke away and ran outside and he was determined never to go to anothe

27、r dance.(用形容詞短語作狀語改寫) Johnny broke away and ran outside，determined never to go to another dance. figure n.數(shù)字；身材，體形；人物；雕像，塑像；圖形 v.計算；認(rèn)為 (1)keep one’s figure保持體形 (2)figure out弄懂；計算；想出，理解 [寫出下列句子中figure的漢語意思] (1)She has a good figure.身材，體形 (2)By 2014，this figure had risen to 14 million.數(shù)字

28、 (3)Chairman Mao is an important political figure.人物 [單句語法填空] (4)A team of scientists has finally been able to figure out how and why young sunflowers move. (2018·黑龍江哈爾濱三中二模) [圖解助記] fit v.(使)合適；(使)合身；使……一致；安裝 adj.適合的；健康的 fit in相適應(yīng)；相融合 fit in with...適應(yīng)；與……合得來；與……一致 keep fit保持健康 be f

29、it for/to do sth. 勝任某事/適合做某事 (1)He’s never done this type of work before；I’m not sure whether he’ll fit in with the other people. 他過去從未干過這種工作，很難說他是否會與其他人配合得好。 (2)It was the first time I had lived far away from my home，so I found it difficult to fit in. (2018·河北衡水中學(xué)模擬) 這是我第一次住得離家很遠(yuǎn)，所以我覺得很難適應(yīng)

30、。 (3)Sports can help you keep fit and get in touch with nature. 運(yùn)動有助于你保持健康，接觸大自然。 (4)The food was not fit for human consumption. 這食物不適宜人吃。 [熟詞生義]　選擇句子中fit in的漢語意思 (5)I’ll try and fit you in after lunch. A A.找到時間(見某人)　B.相處融洽　C.適應(yīng) 易錯點撥 fit in中in為副詞，其后接賓語時需要加介詞with。 pretend to do...假裝做…

31、… pretend to be doing...假裝正在做…… pretend to have done...假裝已經(jīng)做過…… pretend to be＋n./adj.假裝是…… [同義句改寫] (1)She pretended to be reading a book.(改為復(fù)合句) →She pretended that she was reading a book. (2)He pretended that he had finished his homework already.(改為簡單句) →He pretended to have finished his

32、homework already. (1)be proud of為……感到驕傲/自豪 be proud to do...做……感到自豪 be proud that...為……而感到自豪 (2)pride n.驕傲，自豪 vt.為……驕傲 take pride in以……自豪，對……感到得意 with pride驕傲地；自豪地 pride oneself on (doing) sth. 以(做)某事而自豪； 得意于(做)某事 (1)He looked at his painting with pride. (2)He prides himself on remaini

33、ng calm in an emergency. (3)[一句多譯]　張先生為自己沒有放棄而感到自豪。 ①Mr Zhang took pride in himself for not giving up.(pride n.) ②Mr Zhang was proud of himself for not giving up.(proud) ③Mr Zhang was proud that he had not given up.(proud) shape n.形狀；外形；狀況；性質(zhì) v.塑造；造成……形狀 in good/bad shape狀況好/不好 out of s

34、hape不健康；變形 in the shape of以……的形式；呈……的形狀 take shape形成；成形 get into shape強(qiáng)身健體 (1)Tim is in good shape physically even though he doesn’t get much exercise. 盡管蒂姆沒有得到多少鍛煉，但他身體狀況良好。 (2)We went into a room in the shape of a star. 我們走進(jìn)一個星星形狀的房間。 (3)I’ve been jogging a lot to get myself into shape.

35、 我長期慢跑鍛煉身體。 (4)I have been out of shape ever since I left the army. 自從我離開軍隊后，我的身體一直很差。 straight adj.直的；垂直的；坦誠的；井然有序的 adv.直接地；筆直地 (1)straight away立即 (2)get sth. straight弄明白；搞清楚 (3)straighten vt.弄直；使變直 straighten up整頓；清理 (1)You’d better straighten(straight) up your house. (2)A straight

36、 road goes straight from our village to the center of the town.(straight) [熟詞生義]　選擇句子中straight的漢語意思 (3)We’ve had eight straight days of rain. A A.連續(xù)不斷地　B.誠實的　C.垂直的 易錯點撥　straight既可用作形容詞也可用作副詞，注意不要使用straightly這一形式。 (1)be strict with sb. 對某人要求嚴(yán)格 be strict in sth. 對某事嚴(yán)格 (2)strictly speaking

37、嚴(yán)格地說 (1)I think teachers need to be strict with students. (2)We should be strict in our study and work. (3)Strictly(strict) speaking，the world has enough land to feed everybody. suit vt.適合；使適宜 n.一套外衣；套裝 (1)suit sb. 適合某人 suit one’s needs適合某人的需要 (2)a suit of一套…… (3)suitable adj.合適的；適宜的

38、 be suitable for適合于…… be suitable to do sth. 適合做某事 (4)suited adj.適合的(作表語) be suited for/to適合…… (1)Some experts are skeptical about 3D food printers，believing they are better suited(suit) for fast food restaurants than homes and high-end restaurants.(2018·天津) (2)The film is suitable for(適合) ch

39、ildren. (3)[單句改錯]　It’ll suit for him very well if we set off at 8 in the morning. [句式升級] (4)The challenge is finding suitable partners for them.(用動詞suit和定語從句改寫) The challenge is finding partners that suit them. [根據(jù)語境用suit，match，fit的正確形式填空] (5)The size of the shirt fits me well and its color ma

40、tches my tie，so it suits me. [詞義辨析]　suit，match，fit ※suit多指合乎需要、口味、性格、條件、地位、時間等；指衣服合適時，多指顏色和款式。 ※match多指大小、色調(diào)、形狀、性質(zhì)等方面的搭配。 ※fit多指大小、形狀合適，引申為“吻合，協(xié)調(diào)”。 rely on/upon依靠；依賴 指望某人做某事 rely on/upon sb. /sth. for sth. 在某事上依賴/指望某人/物 rely on/upon it that...指望……；相信…… (1)Tom is an honest and reliable(

41、rely) student. (2)I rely on/upon him for everything；he’s my right arm. (3)[一句多譯]　你可以相信他會準(zhǔn)時來的。 ①You can rely on/upon him/his coming on time.(doing) ②You can rely on/upon him to come on time.(to do) ③You can rely on/upon it that he will come on time.(用it作形式賓語) 易錯點撥　在rely on it that結(jié)構(gòu)中，it作形式賓語，代替

42、that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。此類動詞(短語)還有：love，like，appreciate，hate，depend on，see to等。 (1)This helps your body receive a signal to relax.Then you can calm yourself(you) down and get centered. (2)It is important to keep/stay/be calm(保持鎮(zhèn)靜) in an emergency. (3)Taylor’s swift action helped her teammates calm down(

43、冷靜下來).(2017·北京) [根據(jù)語境用calm，quiet，silent，still填空] (4)Try to keep calm and just tell me what happened. (5)He spoke no English and was completely silent during the visit. (6)Children find it difficult to sit still for very long. (7)The airlines have invested enormous sums in quieter，more efficient

44、 engines. [詞義辨析]　calm，quiet，silent，still ※calm平靜的，沉著的，指無風(fēng)浪或人的心情不激動。 ※quiet寧靜的，安靜的，指沒有聲音、不吵鬧或心里沒有煩惱、焦慮。 ※silent寂靜的，沉默的，指不說話或沒有聲音。 ※still靜止的，不動的，指(人體等)不運(yùn)動的。 wear down(以不斷的壓力或阻力)使磨損或壞掉 wear off逐漸消失；效果逐漸減少；藥效漸漸消失 wear away逐漸磨損，磨蝕出凹痕 [寫出下列句子中wear out的漢語意思] (1)Playing with little children r

45、eally wears me out！累壞；筋疲力盡 (2)Children’s shoes wear out quickly.穿壞 (3)He has worn out miserable days with patience.度過；消磨 [單句語法填空] (4)After about an hour，my patience began to wear out. (5)Constant dropping will wear away a stone. (6)Worn(wear) out after a long walk，Henry called and said he cou

46、ldn’t come. Mary is a girl in her early twenties with long hair reaching the waist. 瑪麗是一個二十出頭、長發(fā)及腰的女孩。 “with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)”在句中多作狀語，也可以作定語。常見的結(jié)構(gòu)有： (1)with＋賓語＋介詞短語 (2)with＋賓語＋doing(表示主動或正在進(jìn)行的動作) (3)with＋賓語＋done(表示被動或已完成的動作) (4)with＋賓語＋to do(表示將來的動作) (5)with＋賓語＋adj. (6)with＋賓語＋adv. (1)With winter

47、 coming(come) on，it’s time to buy warm clothes. (2)With all the things she needed bought(buy)，she went home happily. (3)With nothing to do(do)，Tom sleeps at home. (4)The man came in，with a bottle in his hand(手里拿著一個瓶子). [句式升級]　用with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)改寫下列句子 (5)The 2019 College Entrance Examination is drawing n

48、ear，so the students feel great pressure. With the 2019 College Entrance Examination drawing near，the students feel great pressure. (6)After she took a great weight off her mind，she passed all the tests successfully. With a great weight taken off her mind，she passed all the tests successfully.

49、 (2016·天津，B) Every man wants his son to be somewhat of a clone，not in features but in footsteps.As he grows you also age，and your ambitions become more unachievable.You begin to realize that your boy，in your footsteps，could probably accomplish what you hoped for.But footsteps can be muddied and th

50、ey can go off in different directions. My son Jody has hated school since day one in kindergarten.Science projects waited until the last moment.Book reports weren’t written until the final threat. I’ve been a newspaperman all my adult life.My daughter is a university graduate working toward her ma

51、ster’s degree in English.But Jody? When he entered the tenth grade he became a “vo-tech” student(技校學(xué)生).They’re called “motorheads” by the rest of the student body. When a secretary in my office first called him “motorhead”，I was shocked.“Hey，he’s a good kid，” I wanted to say.“And smart，really.” I

52、learned later that motorheads are，indeed，different.They usually have dirty hands and wear dirty work clothes.And they don’t often make school honor rolls(光榮榜). But being the parent of a motorhead is itself an experience in education.We who labor in clean shirts in offices don’t have the abilities t

53、hat motorheads have.I began to learn this when I had my car crashed.The cost to repair it was estimated at 800.“Hey，I can fix it，” said Jody.I doubted it，but let him go ahead，for I had nothing to lose. My son，with other motorheads，fixed the car.They got parts(零件) from a junkyard，and ability from vo

54、-tech classes.The cost was $25 instead of $800. Since that first repair job，a broken air-conditioner，a non-functioning washer and a non-toasting toaster have been fixed.Neighbors and co-workers trust their car repairs to him. These kids are happiest when doing repairs.They joke and laugh and are l

55、iving in their own relaxed world.And their minds are bright despite their dirty hands and clothes. I have learned a lot from my motorhead：publishers need printers，engineers need mechanics，and architects need builders.Most important，I have learned that fathers don’t need clones in footsteps or anywh

56、ere else. My son may never make the school honor roll.But he made mine. 41.What used to be the author’s hope for his son? A.To avoid becoming his clone. B.To resemble him in appearance. C.To develop in a different direction. D.To reach the author’s unachieved goals. 答案　D 解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第三句“Yo

57、u begin to realize that your boy，in your footsteps，could probably accomplish what you hoped for.”可知，作者原先希望讓兒子實現(xiàn)自己未能實現(xiàn)的目標(biāo)，故D項正確。 42.What can we learn about the author’s children? A.His daughter does better in school. B.His daughter has got a master’s degree. C.His son tried hard to finish homewor

58、k. D.His son couldn’t write his book reports. 答案　A 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“My daughter is a university graduate working toward her master’s degree in English.”可知，作者的女兒已經(jīng)大學(xué)畢業(yè)，正在努力攻讀英語碩士學(xué)位，所以，作者的女兒在學(xué)校里表現(xiàn)好，故選A項。 43.The author let his son repair the car because he believed that . A.his son had the

59、 ability to fix it B.it would save him much time C.it wouldn’t cause him any more loss D.other motorheads would come to help 答案　C 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段最后一句“...but let him go ahead，for I had nothing to lose.”可知，讓兒子修車不會給自己帶來任何損失，故C項正確。 44.In the author’s eyes，motorheads are . A.tidy and hardwo

60、rking B.cheerful and smart C.lazy but bright D.relaxed but rude 答案　B 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段第一句“These kids are happiest when doing repairs.”可知，這些孩子是快樂的；由該段第三句“And their minds are bright despite their dirty hands and clothes.”可知，盡管他們的手和衣服很臟，但是他們的頭腦是聰明的。由此可知，在作者看來，這些孩子cheerful and smart，故選B項。 45.What d

61、id the author realize in the end? A.It is unwise to expect your child to follow your path. B.It is important for one to make the honor roll. C.Architects play a more important role than builders. D.Motorheads have greater ability than office workers. 答案　A 解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后一句“Most important，I

62、have learned that fathers don’t need clones in footsteps or anywhere else.”可知，作者最后意識到，讓你的孩子追隨你的足跡是不明智的，故選A項。 Ⅰ.宏觀把握——抓住主旨大意，理清文章脈絡(luò) 通過閱讀文章可知，本文是一篇夾敘夾議類的文章。作者的兒子在學(xué)校里不是優(yōu)秀學(xué)生，最后成了一名修車工，這并不是作者希望他走的路。但是作者通過讓兒子給自己修車的經(jīng)歷意識到：在學(xué)校里是不是優(yōu)秀學(xué)生并不是那么重要，讓孩子追隨父親的足跡也是不明智的。 文章的脈絡(luò)如下： Ⅱ.微觀排障——長難句分析 You begin to real

63、ize that your boy，in your footsteps，could probably accomplish what you hoped for. 句式分析：該句中that引導(dǎo)的是賓語從句，在該賓語從句中，what也引導(dǎo)一個賓語從句。 翻譯：你開始意識到你的孩子踏著你的足跡可能會實現(xiàn)你所希望完成的事情。 Ⅲ.詞匯積累 1.feature n.特征；特色 2.ambition n.決心，抱負(fù) 3.unachievable adj.不可達(dá)到的/不可實現(xiàn)的 4.accomplish vt.完成，實現(xiàn) 5.hate vt.恨，不喜歡 6.smart adj.聰明的；靈

64、巧的 7.ability n.能力 8.in different directions朝不同的方向 9.do better in在……做得更好 10.play an important role發(fā)揮重要的作用 抓住關(guān)鍵信息，做好推理判斷題 故事類短文的題目設(shè)置往往以細(xì)節(jié)題為主，也有很多推理判斷題。細(xì)節(jié)題比較簡單易做，一般文章出現(xiàn)的內(nèi)容即是答案，而推理判斷題往往較難一些，它們不是通過題干的某個單詞定位到文中就能直接得出答案來的，而是要通過故事中人物的語言、動作去揣摩他們的真正意圖。做題時絕對不能流于表面，而要適當(dāng)?shù)剡\(yùn)用一些解題技巧。 做推理判斷題要善于抓住某一段話中的關(guān)鍵信息，

65、即某些關(guān)鍵詞或短語去分析、推理、判斷，利用逆向思維或正面推理，從而推斷出這句話所隱含的深層含義。例如本篇的42題，What can we learn about the author’s children？根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容“My daughter is a university graduate working toward her master’s degree in English.But Jody? When he entered the tenth grade he became a ‘vo-tech’ student(技校學(xué)生).They’re called ‘motorheads’

66、 by the rest of the student body.”可知，作者的女兒正在攻讀碩士學(xué)位，所以B是錯的；而作者的兒子是一個技校生，學(xué)習(xí)不是很好，C是錯的；D項說作者的兒子不能完成報告，而文中第二段最后一句只是說他的兒子會拖延寫讀書報告，所以D也是錯的；正確答案是通過第三段內(nèi)容推理出來的。 (2017·江蘇) For a long time Gabriel didn’t want to be involved in music at all.In his first years of high school，Gabriel would look pityingly at the music students， 36 across the campus with their heavy instrument cases， 37 at school for practice hours 38 anyone else had to be there.He swore to himself to 39 music，as he hated getting