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1、題型組合練(三十一)閱讀理解語法填空短文改錯.閱讀理解閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。A(2019福建三校高三聯(lián)考)Air pollution shortens human lives by more than a year，according to a new study from a team of leading environmental engineers and public health researchers.Better air quality could lead to a significant extension of lifespan
2、s(壽命) around the world. It is the first time that data on air pollution and the lifespan has been studied together in order to check how air pollution affects overall life expectancy. The researchers looked at outdoor air pollution from particulate matter (PM) (顆粒物) smaller than 2.5 microns.These pa
3、rticulates can enter deep into the lungs，and breathing PM 2.5 is associated with the increased risk of heart attacks，strokes and cancer.PM 2.5 pollution comes from power plants，cars and trucks，fires，agriculture and industrial emissions(排放物). Led by Joshua Apte，the team used data from the Global Burd
4、en of Disease Study to measure PM 2.5 air pollution exposure and its consequences in 185 countries.They then quantified the national impact on life expectancy for each individual country as well as on a global scale. “The fact that air pollution is a major global killer is already wellknown，” said A
5、pte.“And we all care about how long we can live.Here，we were able to systematically identify how air pollution shortens lives around the world.What we found is that air pollution has a very large effect on survivalon average about a year globally.”In the context of other significant phenomena negati
6、vely affecting human survival rates，Apte said this is a big number.“For example，its considerably larger than the benefit in survival we might see if we found cures for both lung and breast cancer combined，” he said.“In countries like India and China，the benefit for elderly people of improving air qu
7、ality would be especially large.For much of Asia，if air pollution were removed as a risk for death，60yearolds would have a 15 percent to 20 percent higher chance of living to age 85 or older.”1What do we know about PM 2.5 ?AIt has a bad effect on human health. BIt will be controlled in the future. C
8、It mainly comes from industrial emissions. DIt spreads to the world from Asian countries.2What did the researchers do to study how air pollution affects the lifespan?AThey collected accurate information from all the Asian countries.BThey employed the research data to calculate the effect.CThey studi
9、ed the disease and lifespan together time and time again. DThey measured particulate matter much more carefully than before.3What can be inferred from the text?AThe key to people living longer is good air quality. BPeople think air pollution is the most dangerous killer to them. CApte will agree tha
10、t people should take action to deal with air pollution. DFactories should decrease the production of cars to stop air pollution.4What is the best title for the text?AThe way human beings enjoy a longer lifespanBThe importance of getting rid of air pollutionCAsian people are suffering from serious ai
11、r pollutionDAir pollution reduces the lifespan by more than one year體裁：說明文題材：環(huán)境保護主題：空氣污染導(dǎo)致人的壽命減少一年以上【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。研究表明，良好的空氣質(zhì)量有益于延長壽命，但是空氣污染易導(dǎo)致細顆粒物進入人體肺部，導(dǎo)致心臟病、癌癥、中風發(fā)病率升高，從而影響人的壽命。1解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“These particulates can enter deep into the lungs，and breathing PM 2.5 is associated with the increas
12、ed risk of heart attacks，strokes and cancer”可知，PM 2.5影響人體健康，故A項正確。答案：A2解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“It is the first time that data on air pollution and the lifespan has been studied together in order to check how air pollution affects overall life expectancy”可知，這是首次將空氣污染和壽命數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)合起來研究，以查明空氣污染如何影響總體預(yù)期壽命。故B項正確。答案：B3解析
13、：推理判斷題。根據(jù)尾段的內(nèi)容，尤其是“In countries like India and China，the benefit for elderly people of improving air quality would be especially large”可知，Apte認為改善空氣質(zhì)量對老年人有好處；據(jù)此可推知，他會同意人們采取措施應(yīng)對空氣污染，故C項正確。答案：C4解析：標題判斷題。通讀全文可知，文章第一段第一句“Air pollution shortens human lives by more than a year，according to a new study fro
14、m a team of leading environmental engineers and public health researchers”為全文的主題句，結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，文章通過介紹科學(xué)研究，說明空氣污染導(dǎo)致人的壽命減少一年以上。故D項最適合作本文的標題。答案：DB(2019長沙四校高三模擬)A tiny Alaska village has experienced a boom in tourism in recent years as polar bears spend more time on land than on Arctic sea ice.More than 2，0
15、00 people visited the northern Alaska village of Kaktovik in 2018 to see polar bears in the wild.The far north community lies in an area where increasingly higher temperature has sped up the movement of sea ice，the primary habitat (棲息地) of polar bears.As ice has gradually moved to deep water beyond
16、the continental shelf，more bears are remaining on land to look for food.Polar bears have always been a common sight on sea ice near Kaktovik，but villagers started noticing a change in the mid1990s.More bears seemed to stay on land，and researchers began taking note of more female bears making homes i
17、n the snow on land instead of on the ice to raise their babies.US Fish and Wildlife Service biologists began hearing reports of the increasing number of polar bears in the area in the early 2000s.As more attention was given to the plight (困難) of polar bears about a decade ago，more tourists started h
18、eading to Kaktovik. The village had fewer than 50 visitors annually before 2011，said Jennifer Reed，of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge.“Today were talking about hundreds and hundreds of visitors，many from around the world each year，”Reed said.Most tourists visit in the fall，when bears are forced
19、toward land because sea ice is farthest away from the shore.Bruce Inglangasak，a local hunter who sometimes offers wildlifeviewing tours，said hes been offering polar bear tours since 2004.Most of his clients(客戶) are from China and Europe，as well as from the lower 48 US states.Many tourists stay sever
20、al days in the village，which has two small hotels.The villagers have benefited a lot from that.In turn，they provide more effective protection for polar bears with financial support from tourism development.5What causes more polar bears to stay on land in Kaktovik?AFood shortage.BClimate change.CHabi
21、tats movement to shore.DTheir preference for land.6How did common people feel about more sight of bears on land?AExcited.BPuzzled.CConcerned. DShocked.7What can be inferred from the last paragraph?AHotels in Kaktovik are in demand in autumn. BKaktovik has about 50 visitors annually.CInglangasak make
22、s a living as a tour guide.DTourism affects the balance of nature.8Which saying can describe the text?AThe fittest can survive.BAfter a storm comes a calm.CThere is always opportunity in crisis.DEvery coin has two sides.體裁：說明文題材：社會生活主題：北極熊登陸促進旅游業(yè)發(fā)展【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。氣候變暖導(dǎo)致海冰融化，北極熊登陸，為阿拉斯加的一個小村莊帶來了巨大的人氣，促進
23、了當?shù)芈糜螛I(yè)發(fā)展，當?shù)厝擞钟寐糜螛I(yè)的收入為北極熊提供積極的保護。5解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“The far north community lies in an area where increasingly higher temperature has sped up the movement of sea ice，the primary habitat(棲息地)of polar bears.As ice has gradually moved to deep water beyond the continental shelf，more bears are remaining on
24、 land to look for food”可知，全球變暖加速了海冰融化，破壞了北極熊原本的棲息地，故越來越多的北極熊待在陸地上以尋找食物，故選B。答案：B6解析：觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知，隨著越來越多的北極熊出現(xiàn)在陸地上，研究人員、生物學(xué)家等也越來越多地關(guān)注北極熊所處的這一困境，隨后，更多游客前往Kaktovik。由此可推知，大眾對更多北極熊登陸現(xiàn)象表示關(guān)注。故選C項。答案：C7解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Most tourists visit in the fall”“Many tourists stay several days in the village，which
25、 has two small hotels”可知，大多數(shù)游客會選擇在秋季去Kaktovik游覽，而且很多游客會在這個小村莊待上幾天，而這個小村莊只有兩個小旅館，故可推知在秋季，Kaktovik的旅館很搶手。答案：A8解析：推理判斷題。通讀文章可知，因為全球氣候變暖，北極熊被迫登陸來尋找食物以生存下去，這本來是北極熊的困境，然而北極熊登陸卻為一個小村莊帶來了旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展，這對小村莊來說是一個機遇，同時，村民又利用旅游業(yè)收入為北極熊提供更多保護。因此D項“事物都有兩面性”符合語境。答案：D.語法填空閱讀下面的短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。(2019福州高三質(zhì)量檢測)The
26、 information I 1._(collect) in the last few years leads me to believe that speed reading may be less 2._(use) than most people think.The claim that you can read and comprehend over 30，000 words per minute is overstated.One researcher proved this in a study where irrelevant and illogical sentences we
27、re added to the text.The “speed readers” 3._were tested didnt notice the irrelevant linesthe readers who read slowly spotted them immediately.Ive interviewed people who have attended the introductory sessions 4._(offer)by some speed reading courses. 5._ (them)stories indicate that improper methods a
28、re sometimes used to sell the courses.Heres how：First，youre asked to read a passage from a book 6._which most persons would be unfamiliar. Your reading speed and comprehension are tested during this exercise.Then，after about half 7._hour of instruction，another reading test is given.But this time the
29、 reading is the one most educated Americans know wellsuch as Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.Not 8._(surprising)，persons attending these introductory sessions find that their “exit” speed and comprehension are better than their “entry” 9._(perform)Im one of the fiction readers who appreciate the beau
30、ty in good writing.Occasionally Ill read a passage or sentence over and over just 10._(let) the beauty of its construction soak in (滲透)Good writing must be read carefully and thoughtfully to be fully appreciated.體裁：說明文題材：文化生活主題：快速閱讀并非那么有用【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。過去幾年“我”收集到的信息表明，快速閱讀可能沒有大多數(shù)人認為的那么有用，仔細閱讀才能領(lǐng)略文字的
31、魅力。1解析：考查動詞的時態(tài)。根據(jù)該句中的“in the last few years”可知，該處可用現(xiàn)在完成時，意為“過去幾年收集到的信息讓我相信快速閱讀可能沒有大多數(shù)人認為的那么有用”；收集信息的動作也可以看成從過去開始一直持續(xù)到當前的動作，故也可以用現(xiàn)在完成進行時。故填have collected/have been collecting。答案：have collected/have been collecting2解析：考查形容詞。句意參見上題解析。根據(jù)空前的“be less”及空后的“than”可知，空處應(yīng)用形容詞，故填useful。答案：useful3解析：考查定語從句。分析該句結(jié)
32、構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞The “speed readers”，且在從句中作主語，表示人，故用who或that引導(dǎo)該定語從句。答案：who/that4解析：考查非謂語動詞。根據(jù)空后的“by”并結(jié)合語境可知，動詞offer和其主語the introductory sessions之間為邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，故用其過去分詞形式作后置定語。答案：offered5解析：考查代詞。根據(jù)空前一句中的“Ive interviewed people”及空后的“stories”可知，此處表示“他們的故事”，故用形容詞性物主代詞their。答案：Their6解析：考查介詞。分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該句為“介詞關(guān)
33、系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句，be unfamiliar with sth.為固定用法，意為“對某事物不熟悉”，故空處應(yīng)填介詞with。答案：with7解析：考查冠詞。half an hour意為“半小時”，為固定用法，故用不定冠詞an。答案：an8解析：考查副詞。此處應(yīng)用副詞修飾整個句子，表示“不足為奇的是”，故用surprising的副詞形式surprisingly。答案：surprisingly9解析：考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)本句中的“their exit speed”以及空前的“their entry”可知，空處應(yīng)用名詞；performance意為“表現(xiàn)”時可作可數(shù)名詞，也可作不可數(shù)名詞，故填pe
34、rformance(s)。答案：performance(s)10解析：考查動詞的不定式。該句意為：我偶爾會反復(fù)地閱讀一個章節(jié)或者一個句子，僅是為了使其結(jié)構(gòu)之美滲透出來。根據(jù)句意并分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處表示目的，故用動詞不定式。答案：to let.短文改錯假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號()，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線()畫掉。修改：在錯的詞下畫一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2只允許修
35、改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計分。After school today，I took a walk in the park，depressing and down.I have made considerable efforts win the talent contest，but I only finished fourth.Just while I was crying，a boy in glasses walked by.He noticed me and came over.He played me a piece of Beethovens symphony with his m
36、obile phone.Beside，he said Beethoven wrote it as his hearing grew worse.Hearing his word，I was no longer in tears.I came to realize that if we put all our efforts into that we loved，we could create great things no matter what obstacles were in the front of us.I was true thankful for their encouragem
37、ent.答案和解析：After school today，I took a walk in the park， and down.I made considerable efforts win the talent contest，but I only finished fourth.Just while I was crying，a boy glasses walked by.He noticed me and came over.He played me a piece of Beethovens symphony with his mobile phone.，he said Beetho
38、ven wrote it as his hearing grew worse.Hearing his ，I was no longer in tears.I came to realize that if we put all our efforts into we loved，we could create great things no matter what obstacles were in front of us.I was thankful for encouragement.第一處：depressing改為depressed。考查形容詞。句意：今天放學(xué)后，我在公園散步，感到沮喪又
39、失落。本句的主語是I，指人感到沮喪的，應(yīng)用depressed。第二處：have改為had?？疾閯釉~的時態(tài)。根據(jù)語境可知，本文敘述的是發(fā)生在過去的事情，所以此處用一般過去時。 第三處：efforts后加to?？疾楣潭ㄓ梅āake efforts to do sth.“努力做某事”為固定用法。第四處：in改為with?？疾榻樵~。句意：當我哭泣的時候，一個戴著眼鏡的男孩走了過來。根據(jù)語境可知，此處應(yīng)用介詞with，表示“具有，帶有”。第五處：Beside改為Besides?？疾楦痹~。句意：此外，他還說貝多芬寫這首曲子時是他的聽力變得更加糟糕的時候。根據(jù)語境可知，此處應(yīng)用Besides。第六處：wo
40、rd改為words?？疾槊~的單復(fù)數(shù)。句意：聽到他的話后，我不再流淚了。根據(jù)語境可知，此處指所說的話，且word是可數(shù)名詞，故用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。第七處：that改為what?？疾檫B接代詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處引導(dǎo)賓語從句，且空處在從句中作賓語，表示“的東西”，所以用what來引導(dǎo)該賓語從句。第八處：刪除the?？疾楣谠~。無論前面有什么阻礙，我們都能夠做成大事。此處應(yīng)用in front of(sb.)結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“(某人)面臨著(阻礙)”，所以刪除the。第九處：true改為truly?？疾楦痹~。修飾形容詞應(yīng)用副詞，故此處應(yīng)用true的副詞形式truly修飾形容詞thankful。第十處：their改為his?？疾榇~。根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示“我真的感謝他的鼓勵”。此處指“他的”，故用his。8
2020屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 題型組合練（三十一）新人教版
