（全國）2020高考英語大一輪復(fù)習(xí) 話題版主題語境 Unit 4 個人情況（四）講義

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1、個人情況 Ⅰ.單詞拼寫 1.But something inside me was going to climb that mountain at all cost.I could hardly wait to try this adventure(冒險) again.(2018·天津) 2.The industry has also taken aim(目標) at the product that has appeared as its replacement. (2018·浙江) 3.The proposal attempts(嘗試) to deal with what

2、some call the “death valley” of autonomous vehicles.(2017·天津) 4.Some people live only dreaming about it while others live to avoid(避免) ever climbing at all. (2018·天津) 5.If you are a student studying the arts，chances(機會) are you have been ill-advised to have a plan B.(2018·江蘇) 6.It is well worth

3、making an effort(努力) to promote the public awareness of environmental protection. 7.I thought of my headteacher one day, who always encouraged(鼓勵) us not to lose heart and be hopeful about the future when we were in trouble. 8.In view of his educational background and experience(經(jīng)歷), no one doubts

4、 his suitability as a leader. 9.It found many youngsters now measure(衡量) their status by how much public approval they get online，often through “l(fā)ikes”.(2018·江蘇) 10.Though he had tried to overcome(戰(zhàn)勝) his shyness, he didn’t make it in the end. 11.For this purpose(目的)，select ripe bananas for freez

5、ing as they are much sweeter.(2018·全國Ⅱ) 12.Moth，meanwhile，after an initial struggle(掙扎)，found his symptoms were strangely reduced by their daily tiring journey.(2018·江蘇) Ⅱ.單句語法填空 1.What I saw was completely(complete) unlike anything I had experienced in the past.This newness just left me wanting

6、more.(2017·全國Ⅰ) 2.J.K.Rowling donates 30 million to help the disadvantaged(disadvantage) children. 3.Children became increasingly anxious(anxiety) about switching off due to the constant demands of social media. 4.At first Robert wouldn’t let his daughter go diving，but eventually he gave in as sh

7、e was so confident(confidence) about her skills. 5.He was disabled from birth，but he never felt frustrated.Nor did he give in to any difficulty(difficult). 6.A quick review of successes and failures(fail) at the end of year will help shape your year ahead. (2017·江蘇) 7.For this courier job，you’re

8、 consciously aware that in that box you’ve got something that is potentially(potential) going to save somebody’s life.(2016·全國Ⅰ) 8.Our own experience working together on health，development，and energy the last twenty years has been one of the most rewarding(reward) parts of our lives.(2016·四川) 9.No

9、 one will ever know what mix of talent，ambition(ambitious)，energy and luck made Dickens such a distinguished writer.(2018·浙江) 10.A successful(success) arts neighborhood creates a ripple effect(連鎖反應(yīng)) throughout a community.(2018·江蘇) Ⅲ.單句改錯(每小題僅有1處錯誤) 1.My aim is to the world of literature and the

10、 world of great writers to cultivate my mind. 2.The boys made attempt to leave for camping but were stopped by their parents. 3.The two lost boys happened to come into a cave where they discovered some very valuable pre-historical rock paintings by the chance. 4.All the noise makes it hard for m

11、e to fully concentrate the book I’m trying to read. 5.Thanks to the support of her friends and relatives，her dream of establishing a shelter for the disadvantaged has been come true. 6.Driverless cars may end up a form of public transport rather than vehicles you own. (2017·天津) Ⅳ.選詞填空 1.Chi

12、ldren should be encouraged to reach a compromise between what they want and what they are expected. 2.This generous love，encourages people all around the world to fight for the well-being of all people fearlessly. 3.You will never know what she went through to educate her children. 4.It was my En

13、glish teacher who encouraged me not to lose heart when I was faced with difficulties in my English learning. 5.To make progress at a reasonable rate，you’ll need to commit at least an hour a day to practice the piano. 6.If you work out bright and early in the morning，you will be more likely to st

14、ick to healthy food choices throughout the day.(2018·全國Ⅱ) 7.With so many reference books on this romantic poet for me to choose from，I can’t make up my mind which to choose. 8.Receiving a good education is rather costly but it should pay off in the long run. 9.China is taking pains to ensure the

15、action taken to protect the environment effectively. 10.New technologies have made it possible to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost. Ⅴ.同義詞語替換 1.Travel not only gives me the opportunity to understand the world，but also brings me to achieve the dream of exploring different scenery.r

16、ealize 2.Difficult as the task was，he still stuck to it and took pains to complete it.made every effort 3.Surprisingly，there is little evidence to back up this opinion that keeping a vegetarian diet can benefit the health and fight against heart disease.support 4.I find it hard to concentrate on

17、my studies with some people having small talks around me.focus on 5.They will start a campaign to encourage awareness of environmental issues.promote (1)achieve one’s aims/goals達到目標 achieve success獲得成功 (2)achievement n.成就；功業(yè)；完成；達到 a sense of achievement成就感 make great achievements取得巨大的成功

18、 (1)Seeing the lines of trees we had planted, we all had a real sense of achievement(成就感). (2)He was offering a way for us to change our lives and achieve our dreams(實現(xiàn)我們的夢想). (2016·江蘇) (3)In the last few years，China has made great achievements(取得了巨大成就) in environmental protection. 易錯點撥 achiev

19、ement作“完成，達到”解時為不可數(shù)名詞；作“成就，功績”解時是可數(shù)名詞。 (1)attempt to do...嘗試(試圖)做…… (2)make an attempt to do/(at) doing...嘗試做…… at the first attempt第一次嘗試 (3)attempted adj.未遂的 (1)In an attempt to encourage the students to do some reading and provide the students with more good books，our school is planning

20、to hold the Reading Festival in the library next Friday. (2)Police say they’re treating it as a case of attempted(attempt) murder. (3)I passed my driving test at the first attempt(第一次嘗試). (4)[同義句改寫]　They attempted to climb (climb) that hill. →They made an attempt to climb/(at) climbing that hil

21、l. (1)avoid doing...避免做…… (2)avoidable adj.可避免的 (1)Deaths caused by careless driving are avoidable (avoid). (2)CCTV says that a storm will hit our city.In order to avoid being caught(catch)，we must take our raincoat with us. (3)[單句改錯]　She avoids on dark streets at night. 易錯點撥 (1)avoid后接

22、動詞時要用動名詞，不接不定式，且后不接that從句。 (2)avoid通常指“成功地避免”，如果表示“企圖避免”，應(yīng)用try to avoid。 challenge n.挑戰(zhàn)；難題；質(zhì)疑 vt.挑戰(zhàn)；懷疑 (1)meet/face/issue a challenge應(yīng)對/面臨/發(fā)起挑戰(zhàn) (2)challenge sb. to (do) sth. 向某人挑戰(zhàn)(做)某事 (3)challenging adj.有挑戰(zhàn)性的；有吸引力的 challenged adj.受到挑戰(zhàn)的 (1)She gave him a challenging (challenge) look. “

23、Are you really sure？” she demanded. (2)The opposition leader challenged the prime minister to call(call) an election. (3)I challenged him to a game of tennis. [熟詞生義]　選擇句子中challenge的漢語意思 (4)I did not think he was right，so I challenged him. A A.質(zhì)疑　　B.駁斥　　C.挑戰(zhàn) cost v.使付費；價錢為；使損失 n.價格；費用；代價

24、 (1)at the cost of以……為代價 at a cost of以……的費用/價格 at any cost(＝at all costs) 以任何代價，不惜一切代價 (2)cost sb. sth. 使某人失去…… (1)We must at all costs/at any cost prevent them from finding out about the plan. 我們必須不惜一切代價阻止他們發(fā)現(xiàn)這個計劃。 (2)He saved his daughter from the fire，but only at the cost of his own lif

25、e. 他從大火中救出了他的女兒，但卻犧牲了自己的生命。 (3)He bought the piano at a cost of 500 dollars. 他花500美元買下了這架鋼琴。 (4)One mistake cost him his job. 一個錯誤讓他丟了工作。 desire n.渴望；欲望；渴求；渴望的人或物 vt.希望得到；想要 (1)have a strong desire (2)desire to do sth. 渴望做某事 desire sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事 desire that...(should) do...渴望

26、…… (3)desirable adj.理想的；值得擁有的；可取的 (1)He desired to bring(bring) back the so-called new four inventions back to his home country. (2)She has a strong desire for knowledge and wants to go to college very much. (3)[一句多譯]　他母親希望他成為一名老師。 ①His mother desired him to be/become a teacher. ②His mother

27、desired that he (should) be/become a teacher. 易錯點撥　desire不用于進行時態(tài)，后接賓語從句或同位語從句，從句中謂語動詞用“should＋動詞原形”，should可省略。 (1)devote...to...把……致力于……，專心于…… devote oneself to獻身于；致力于 (2)devoted adj.摯愛的；忠實的，忠誠的 be devoted to致力于；獻身于；熱愛…… (3)devotion n.奉獻；關(guān)照；忠誠 (1)Most children long for and need a loving

28、，devoted(devote) and responsible father. (2018·黑龍江哈爾濱三中二模) (2)Only when we realize the importance of helping each other can we be devoted to building(build) a harmonious society. [句式升級] (3)He devoted himself to community activities and was praised by the people around. ①Devoting himself to comm

29、unity activities，he was praised by the people around.(用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語改寫) ②Devoted to community activities，he was praised by the people around.(用過去分詞短語作狀語改寫) guarantee vt.保證；擔(dān)保 n.保證；擔(dān)保；保修單 (1)guarantee sb. sth. 保證某人某事 guarantee to do sth. /that...保證做某事；確?！? be guaranteed to do sth. 肯定會……；必定會……

30、(2)under guarantee在保修期內(nèi) give sb. a guarantee that...向某人擔(dān)保/保證…… (1)I guarantee to pay(pay) off his debts. (2)The car is less than a year old，so it is still under guarantee. (3)[一句多譯]　我們保證在一周內(nèi)將貨物送到。 ①We guarantee to deliver the goods in one week.(guarantee v.；簡單句) ②We guarantee that we will de

31、liver the goods in one week.(guarantee v.；復(fù)合句) ③We give a guarantee that we will deliver the goods in one week.(guarantee n.) insist on/upon (doing) sth. 堅持(做)某事 insist that...堅持認為……；堅決要求…… (1)The doctor insisted that she was(be) seriously ill and that she (should) be operated(operate) on i

32、mmediately. (2)[一句多譯]　他堅持要我同他一起去。 ①He insisted that I (should) go with him. ②He insisted on me/my going with him. ③He insisted on it that I (should) go with him. 易錯點撥 (1)insist表示“堅持說，堅持認為”時，其后的賓語從句用陳述語氣；表示“堅決主張，堅持要求”時，其后的賓語從句用虛擬語氣，即謂語動詞用“(should) do”。 (2)insist后面既不接不定式也不接動名詞，遇此情況要用insist on/u

33、pon。insist后也不接帶不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。 (1)manage to do設(shè)法做 manage it能做到 manage sth. 經(jīng)營/管理…… (2)succeed in doing...成功地做成了…… try to do...努力做……(不一定成功) (1)Later，engineers managed to construct(construct) railways in a system of deep tunnels，which became known as the Tube.(2017·全國Ⅱ) (2)The box is heavy，but I

34、 can manage it(拿得動). (1)prove sth. to sb. 向某人證明某事 prove (to be)＋n./adj.證明是……；結(jié)果是……(prove為系動詞) prove＋that/wh- 從句　證明…… It is proved that...經(jīng)證明…… (2)proof n.證明；證據(jù) [同義句改寫] (1)The report proves its truth. →The report proves it to be true. →The report proves that it is true. [句式升級] (2)This

35、 method is proved to be more efficient.(用it作形式主語改寫) It is proved that this method is more efficient. 易錯點撥　prove用作不及物動詞，具有連系動詞的性質(zhì)，其后可接名詞、形容詞、介詞短語、不定式(主要是to be，且to be可省略)等。 (1)reflect...in在……中映出……的影像 be reflected in倒映在；反映在 reflect on/upon反省/思考某事 (2)reflection n.[C]映像；反映；[U]反射；思考，考慮 be lost i

36、n reflection陷入深思中 on reflection再三考慮 (1)She could see her face reflected(reflect) in the water. (2)The likely reactions of the market need to be reflected on (upon)/reflecting on (upon)(思考) before we act. (3)[一句多譯]　你對服飾的選擇反映了你的性格特點。 ①Your choice of clothes reflects your personality.(reflect v.

37、) ②Your choice of clothes is a reflection of your personality.(reflection n.) reward v.酬謝；獎勵，獎賞 n.獎金；回報；報酬 (1)reward sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事而獎賞/酬謝某人 reward sb. with sth. 用某物獎賞/回報某人 (2)in reward for為獎賞……；為報答…… as a reward for作為對……的獎賞/回報 (3)rewarding adj.值得的；有益的；有意義的 (1)Last weekend

38、, I fixed up a wooden flower shelf for my family when Dad was away on business, which was really a rewarding(reward) experience. (2)The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts will be rewarded with success in the end.(2016·北京) 學(xué)生們一直努力學(xué)習(xí)功課，他們的付出最終會獲得成功的。 (3)I’d like to d

39、o something in reward for/as a reward for her kindness. 我想做點什么來報答她的好意。 risk vt.冒……的危險 n.危險；風(fēng)險 (1)risk sth. /doing sth. 冒著……的危險 (2)at risk處于危險之中 at the risk of doing sth. 冒著……的風(fēng)險 take/run the risk of doing sth. 冒著……的危險 (3)risky adj.危險的 [一句多譯] (1)他受到了贊揚，因為他冒著生命危險撲滅了大火。 ①He was praised

40、 because he risked losing his life to put out the big fire. ②He was praised because he took/ran the risk of losing his life to put out the big fire. ③He was praised because he put out the big fire at the risk of losing his life. (2)[同義句改寫]　I wondered if I was putting my life at risk. →I wondered

41、 if I was putting my life in danger. go over復(fù)習(xí) go out出去；熄滅 go against違背；違反 go up上漲；上升 go ahead前進；干吧；說吧 go without沒有……也可應(yīng)付；將就 [寫出下列句子中g(shù)o through的漢語意思] (1)He went through many difficulties, which didn’t cast him down. 經(jīng)歷 (2)Cars are not allowed to go through the city centre.通過，穿過 (3)It

42、didn’t take Albert very long to go through his money.用完 (4)She went through the company’s accounts，looking for evidence of fraud(欺詐).檢查；審核 (1)owe sb. sth. ＝owe sth. to sb. 欠某人某物；把……歸功于某人 owe it to sb. that.../to do...把……歸功于某人 (2)owing to由于 (1)My English teacher is such a great soul，to whom

43、 I owe many thanks. (2)I owe it to him that I finished my work in time. (3)Owing to the bad weather(由于天氣不好)，this morning’s flight will be delayed. be/get stuck in陷入；困在……中 stick out伸出；探出；醒目，顯眼 stick by忠于；遵守；繼續(xù)堅持 stick up for支持；維護 (1)All his life，he was stuck(stick) in his house taken care

44、 of by his mother. (2018·黑龍江哈爾濱六中二模) (2)Stick to your set bedtime and wake-up time，no matter the day.(2017·全國Ⅲ) (3)Careful—there’s a nail sticking out of(突出) that board. (1)before用作連詞，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，除了表示“在……之前”以外，還可以表示“……(之后)才；不久就；不等……就”。 (2)句型歸納： ①It won’t be...before...用不了多長時間就會……(before從句用一般

45、現(xiàn)在時) ②It will be...before...得過多久才……(before從句用一般現(xiàn)在時) ③It wasn’t...before...沒過多長時間就……(before從句用一般過去時) ④It was...before...過了多長時間才……(before從句用一般過去時) (1)The result is that people stop driving before they really need to.(2017·全國Ⅲ) 結(jié)果是人們在還沒真正需要停止前就停止駕駛了。 (2)It wasn’t long before he learned to use t

46、he computer. 不久他就學(xué)會了使用計算機。 (3)If you miss this chance，it may be years before you get another one. 如果你錯過了這次機會，可能需要很多年你才能再獲得一次。 Don’t admit defeat until you really have to. 不到萬不得已就不要承認失敗。 (1)until引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，如果主句的謂語動詞是延續(xù)性的，那么這個主句需用肯定式；若主句的謂語動詞是非延續(xù)性的，則主句常用否定式，構(gòu)成not...until...結(jié)構(gòu)。 (2)在not...until

47、...句型結(jié)構(gòu)中，可以把not until提到句首，句子用倒裝語序。 (3)not...until...句型的強調(diào)句式為：It is/was not until...that...。 (1)Bach died in 1750，but it was not until the early 19th century that his musical gift was fully recognized. 巴赫于1750年去世，但是直到19世紀初期他的音樂才能才完全被認可。 (2)It is difficult for us to learn a lesson in life until

48、we have actually had that lesson. 我們很難汲取生活中的經(jīng)驗教訓(xùn)，直到我們真正得到了這一教訓(xùn)。 [句式升級] (3)I didn’t pursue my career as an actress until I finished my studies. ①Not until I finished my studies did I pursue my career as an actress.(倒裝句) ②It was not until I finished my studies that I pursued my career as an actre

49、ss.(強調(diào)句) (2016·江蘇，D) Not so long ago，most people didn’t know who Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce was going to become.She was just an average high school athlete.There was every indication that she was just another Jamaican teenager without much of a future.However，one person wanted to change this.

50、Stephen Francis observed then eighteen-year-old Shelly-Ann at a track meet and was convinced that he had seen the beginnings of true greatness.Her times were not exactly impressive，but even so，he sensed there was something trying to get out，something the other coaches had overlooked when they had as

51、sessed her and found her lacking.He decided to offer Shelly-Ann a place in his very strict training sessions.Their cooperation quickly produced results，and a few years later at Jamaica’s Olympic trials in early 2008，Shelly-Ann，who at that time only ranked number 70 in the world，beat Jamaica’s unchal

52、lenged queen of the sprint(短跑). “Where did she come from？” asked an astonished sprinting world，before concluding that she must be one of those one-hit wonders that spring up from time to time，only to disappear again without signs.But Shelly-Ann was to prove that she was anything but a one-hit wonde

53、r.At the Beijing Olympics she swept away any doubts about her ability to perform consistently by becoming the first Jamaican woman ever to win the 100 metres Olympic gold.She did it again one year on at the World Championships in Berlin，becoming world champion with a time of 10.73—the fourth fastest

54、 time ever. Shelly-Ann is a little woman with a big smile.She has a mental toughness that did not come about by chance.Her journey to becoming the fastest woman on earth has been anything but smooth and effortless.She grew up in one of Jamaica’s toughest inner-city communities known as Waterhouse，w

55、here she lived in a one-room apartment，sleeping four in a bed with her mother and two brothers.Waterhouse，one of the poorest communities in Jamaica，is a really violent and overpopulated place.Several of Shelly-Ann’s friends and family were caught up in the killings；one of her cousins was shot dead o

56、nly a few streets away from where she lived.Sometimes her family didn’t have enough to eat.She ran at the school championships barefooted because she couldn’t afford shoes.Her mother Maxime，one of a family of fourteen，had been an athlete herself as a young girl but，like so many other girls in Waterh

57、ouse，had to stop after she had her first baby.Maxime’s early entry into the adult world with its responsibilities gave her the determination to ensure that her kids would not end up in Waterhouse’s roundabout of poverty.One of the first things Maxime used to do with Shelly-Ann was taking her to the

58、track，and she was ready to sacrifice everything. It didn’t take long for Shelly-Ann to realize that sports could be her way out of Waterhouse.On a summer evening in Beijing in 2008，all those long，hard hours of work and commitment finally bore fruit.The barefoot kid who just a few years previously h

59、ad been living in poverty，surrounded by criminals and violence，had written a new chapter in the history of sports. But Shelly-Ann’s victory was far greater than that.The night she won Olympic gold in Beijing，the routine murders in Waterhouse and the drug wars in the neighbouring streets stopped.The

60、 dark cloud above one of the world’s toughest criminal neighbourhoods simply disappeared for a few days.“I have so much fire burning for my country，” Shelly said.She plans to start a foundation for homeless children and wants to build a community centre in Waterhouse.She hopes to inspire the Jamaica

61、ns to lay down their weapons.She intends to fight to make it a woman’s as well as a man’s world. As Muhammad Ali puts it，“Champions aren’t made in gyms.Champions are made from something they have deep inside them.A desire，a dream，a vision.” One of the things Shelly-Ann can be proud of is her unders

62、tanding of this truth. 65.Why did Stephen Francis decide to coach Shelly-Ann？ A.He had a strong desire to free her family from trouble. B.He sensed a great potential in her despite her weaknesses. C.She had big problems maintaining her performance. D.She suffered a lot of defeats at the previou

63、s track meets. 答案　B 解析　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Stephen Francis...was convinced that he had seen the beginnings of true greatness.”和“he sensed there was something trying to get out...”可知，Stephen Francis教練感受到了她的巨大潛力。 66.What did the sprinting world think of Shelly-Ann before the 2008 Olympic Games? A.She wo

64、uld become a promising star. B.She badly needed to set higher goals. C.Her sprinting career would not last long. D.Her talent for sprinting was known to all. 答案　C 解析　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“...sprinting world，before concluding that she must be one of those one-hit wonders that spring up from time to time

65、，only to disappear again without signs.”可判斷出，短跑界認為她的短跑生涯不會持續(xù)很長時間。 67.What made Maxime decide to train her daughter on the track? A.Her success and lessons in her career. B.Her interest in Shelly-Ann’s quick profit. C.Her wish to get Shelly-Ann out of poverty. D.Her early entrance into the sprin

66、ting world. 答案　C 解析　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后兩句“Maxime’s early...gave her the determination to ensure that her kids would not end up in Waterhouse’s roundabout of poverty.One of the first things Maxime used to do with Shelly-Ann was taking her to the track...”可知，母親Maxime希望女兒擺脫貧困，所以決定讓女兒進行跑步訓(xùn)練當運動員。 68.What can we infer from Shelly-Ann’s statement underlined in Paragraph 5? A.She was highly rewarded for her efforts. B.She was eager to do more for her country. C.She became an athletic star in her country