《2022年高中英語 Unit 1 Cultural relics 語法探究 新人教版必修2》由會(huì)員分享,可在線閱讀,更多相關(guān)《2022年高中英語 Unit 1 Cultural relics 語法探究 新人教版必修2(3頁珍藏版)》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。
1、2022年高中英語 Unit 1 Cultural relics 語法探究 新人教版必修2定語從句可分為限制性定語從句(Restrictive Attributive Clause)和非限制性定語從句(Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause),下面將這兩類定語從句作一比較。一、限制性定語從句限制性定語從句與先行詞關(guān)系密切,對(duì)它有限制作用。因此,不可缺少,否則會(huì)影響全句的意義。限制性定語從句前一般不用逗號(hào)。例如:There is much that will be unpleasing to the English readers.有許多東西將會(huì)使英國讀者不愉快。I
2、 shall never forget the day when we first met in the park.我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我們?cè)诠珗@相見的那一天。Is there a shop around where we can get fruit?附近有可以買到水果的商店嗎?Do you know the reason why I came late?你知道我遲到的緣故嗎?“限制”是指概念上的限制,把一般的概念限制為特定的概念。所以,本身已經(jīng)十分特殊的名詞,如專有名詞、帶有形容詞性物主代詞或是形容詞性指示代詞作限定詞的名詞詞組,其后的定語從句通常都是非限制性的。例如:Her mother, wh
3、o had long suffered from arthritis, died last year. 她母親去年去世,此前她長期患有關(guān)節(jié)炎。(因mother前有限定詞her,使用非限制性定語從句為宜。)Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.查理史密斯去年退休了,他曾經(jīng)是我的老師。This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 這本小說很動(dòng)人,我已經(jīng)讀了三遍。在限制性定語從句中,關(guān)系代詞如果作賓語,可以省略。例如:We have got t
4、he instrument (that) we need. 我們買到了所需要的儀器。二、非限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句與所修飾的名詞(先行詞)關(guān)系松馳,只提供有關(guān)該名詞的補(bǔ)充情況或附加說明。即使去掉,主句的意思仍然清楚。書寫時(shí),往往用逗號(hào)與主句分開。例如:Water, which is a clear liquid, has many uses.水是一種清澈的液體,有許多用途。Once more I am in Boston, where I have not been for ten years.我又來到了波士頓,我有十年沒有到這里來了。非限制性定語從句形式上是從句,其功能實(shí)質(zhì)上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)
5、分句。有時(shí),甚至可以將其譯成狀語從句。例如:Then he met Mary, who invited him to a party.后來他遇到了瑪麗,瑪麗邀請(qǐng)他去參加晚會(huì)。(who實(shí)際上=and she)When he was seventeen he went to a technical school in Zurich, Switzerland, where he studied mathematics and physics.他17歲時(shí),到瑞士蘇黎世一??茖W(xué)校上學(xué),他在那里學(xué)習(xí)數(shù)學(xué)和物理學(xué)。(where=and there) We dont like the room, which
6、is cold.我們不喜歡那個(gè)房間,它很冷。(which is cold=since it is cold)He said he was busy, which was untrue.他說他很忙,其實(shí)不然。(which was untrue=though it was untrue)We need him, who knows some English.我們需要他,他懂些英語。(who knows some English=for he knows some English)非限制性定語從句中的關(guān)系代詞不能省略,that和why不可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。例如:Wang Xin, whom La
7、o Li knows well, is our group leader. 王欣是我們的組長,小李對(duì)他很了解。(該句中whom不可省略,亦不可為that取代)which和as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句可修飾整個(gè)主句或主句的一部分,as從句還可置于主句之前。例如:He has to work on Sundays, which he doesnt like.他星期天得工作,這是他不喜歡的。As you know, the work is very difficult.你們知道,這項(xiàng)工作很難。which和whom在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)常和of或其他介詞連用。例如:The buses, most of
8、 which were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd. 公共汽車大部分都已滿載,周圍是一大群憤怒的人。Her sons, both of whom work abroad, ring her up every week.她的兩個(gè)兒子都在國外工作,每周都給她打電話。which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句有時(shí)可作定語。例如:Tom spent four years in college, during which time he learned French.湯姆在大學(xué)待了四年,在此期間他學(xué)了法語。I may have to go into
9、 hospital, in which case I wont be going on holiday. 我可能得住院,如果那樣我就不去度假了。As is known to all, the earth goes around the sun. 正如我們所知,地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。as指代后面一句話的內(nèi)容,這時(shí)只能用as,因?yàn)閣hich引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句只能置于句末,而as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句既可放在句末,也可置于句中或句首。如上面的句子還可以寫作: The earth, as we know, goes around the sun. 此外as在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí),有“正如、似”的含義,
10、所以下列結(jié)構(gòu)中多用as: as has been said above 如上所述 as anybody can see 正如人人所看到的那樣 as we had expected 正如我們所預(yù)料的那樣典例解析 He was much kinder to his youngest son than to others,_, of course, made the others envy him. A. who B. that C. what D. which解析本題考查非限制性定語從句,先行詞是前面的整個(gè)句子,which所引導(dǎo)的句子對(duì)前面主句起補(bǔ)充說明作用。做題時(shí),先排除B.C兩項(xiàng),因?yàn)樗荒芤龑?dǎo)非限制性定語從句,而A項(xiàng)只能引導(dǎo)先行詞是人的定語從句。答案:D _is known to everybody, the moon travels around the earth once every month. A. It B. As C. That D. What解析此題考查定語從句,放在句首只能用as。若選A應(yīng)為:It is known to everybodythat the moon答案:B