新世紀(jì)大學(xué)英語Unit 課文詳解

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1、會(huì)計(jì)學(xué)1新世紀(jì)大學(xué)英語新世紀(jì)大學(xué)英語Unit 課文詳解課文詳解 Unit 7 Relationships and CommunicationDo you think that interpersonal skills are very important at school and at work? Please share us your opinions.Interpersonal skills should be considered very important both at school and at work. Good interpersonal skills enhance

2、relationships with fellow students or colleagues and help build a pleasant environment for all to work in. Conversely, poor interpersonal skills can often lead to coldness and even hostility between one another and may lead to inefficiency in study or at work.第1頁/共31頁 Unit 7 Relationships and Commun

3、icationUnit 7 Relationships and CommunicationKang MinText A How Well Can We Listen?Text B What We Can Do to Improve Human Relationships第2頁/共31頁 Unit 7 Relationships and CommunicationParts Main Ideas12-45-78The rise of the issue: peoples complaints about others not listening; the possible consequence

4、s of the problem.The analysis of the reasons for the failure in communication: misunderstanding resulting from poor listening.How we can be good listeners.Conclusion: restatement of the importance of listening.第3頁/共31頁 Unit 7 Relationships and CommunicationHow Well Can We Listen?Kathleen T. McWhorte

5、r1. It is not uncommon to hear people complaining that no one listens to them and no one understands them. Such complaints come not only from kids but also from adults. How often is this a vital cause in the failure of personal relationships? How often does it contribute to broken homes? How often d

6、o we hear of a married couple who fail to have communication, or of children who feel deserted? It seems something must have gone wrong. 我們時(shí)常聽到人們抱怨說沒有人聆聽他們，沒有人能理解他們。這樣的抱怨不僅出自孩童之口，也出自成人之口。人際關(guān)系不和諧，這不往往是個(gè)重要原因嗎？家庭破裂，不也往往拜其所賜嗎？我們不也還常常聽說夫妻之間無法交流，孩子感覺被遺棄嗎？看來這其中一定出了什么問題。 第4頁/共31頁 Unit 7 Relationships and Co

7、mmunication2. Experts tend to resort to the term “generation gap” to explain the conflicts between parents and children. Can this term be applied to the cases mentioned above? Though there might be room for hesitation in the adoption of it when “generation” is taken into account, it is far from wron

8、g to borrow the rest in making an analysis. There are bound to be differences, or gaps, in the opinions of two people that give rise to conflicts, and ways to reduce them are by no means easy to be sought, but it is equally true to say that there is bound to be a solution to every problem. Part of t

9、he solution to human conflicts is to avoid misunderstanding. 每當(dāng)父母和孩子之間發(fā)生沖突的時(shí)候，專家們往往會(huì)用“代溝”這一術(shù)語來解釋。那么這個(gè)術(shù)語能否用于上面提到的情況呢？當(dāng)然，如果細(xì)究“代”的本義，那么這算不上特別貼切，但是大可借用該術(shù)語的其他涵義來分析問題。兩個(gè)人的觀點(diǎn)之所以會(huì)引起紛爭，肯定因?yàn)榇嬖诜制?，而要設(shè)法減少分歧又談何容易！但是我們也同樣可以說，每個(gè)問題肯定都會(huì)有辦法解決。人際沖突的部分解決辦法是避免誤解。 第5頁/共31頁 Unit 7 Relationships and Communication 3.Misunder

10、standing often arises from a lack of communication. Curiously enough, in a modern society where not a few advanced technological means of communication such as the mobile phone and pager have been developed, people are still confronted with this problem. Investigations show that technological invent

11、ions do help facilitate human communication. They also show that while there are more opportunities for personal contact, especially through verbal communication, many people still find their listeners do not listen to them. Clearly, something is wrong with their listening ability. 誤解常常源于缺乏交流。令人納悶的是

12、，在現(xiàn)代社會(huì)，雖然發(fā)明了不少先進(jìn)的通訊工具，如移動(dòng)電話和傳呼機(jī)，但是人們?nèi)匀幻媾R這樣的問題。研究表明，科技發(fā)明確實(shí)有助于人與人之間的交流。研究也同樣發(fā)現(xiàn)，雖然人與人之間接觸的機(jī)會(huì)增加了，特別是言語交流的機(jī)會(huì)增加了，許多人仍然發(fā)現(xiàn)沒有人真正聆聽他們說話。很顯然，人們的聆聽能力出了問題。 第6頁/共31頁 Unit 7 Relationships and Communication 4. People may wonder why their listening ability is undesirable when their hearing ability is physically soun

13、d. This is a basic mistake we often make. Very often hearing is confused with listening, as they are so closely related. Believing that hearing is a physiological function, which comes to us naturally, we take it for granted that listening does not require much effort. Experts in the field of commun

14、ications are quick to attack this belief. In their view, listening requires hard work and energy. When people are listening, they have quicker heartbeats and faster blood circulation. Good listening, they think, is not as simple as it might seem. 人們也許會(huì)問，為什么聽覺沒有問題而他們的聆聽能力卻不如人意呢？這就是我們常犯的錯(cuò)誤：因?yàn)槁犛X能力和聆聽能力

15、的關(guān)系如此緊密，我們經(jīng)常把兩者混淆。我們會(huì)認(rèn)為聽覺能力是一種生理功能，是與生俱來的，所以我們想當(dāng)然地以為聆聽不需要付出特別的努力。對(duì)于這種觀點(diǎn)，交流領(lǐng)域的專家會(huì)毫不猶豫地加于指正。在他們看來，聆聽既費(fèi)神又費(fèi)力。人們聆聽時(shí)心跳加速，血液循環(huán)也會(huì)加快。專家認(rèn)為，認(rèn)真的聆聽并不是我們想象的那么簡單。 第7頁/共31頁 Unit 7 Relationships and Communication5. To become a good listener begins with concentration. That looks easy on the surface. In too many cases

16、, we have to listen to other people with physical and mental distractions around us. The ring of the telephone, the slam of a door or other human voices are some of the common physical distractions. The mental distractions in ones own mind, on the other hand, are much more difficult to overcome, for

17、 many reasons. A speaker may not be able to keep pace with the working of the listeners mind. The average persons rate of thinking is faster than the average rate of speech. With much free time left at their disposal, the listeners are likely to be carried away by their own thoughts and they soon lo

18、se their way. That is where the problem lies: listening too quickly.第8頁/共31頁 Unit 7 Relationships and Communication5.要成為好的聆聽者首先需要集中注意力。這表面上看起來很簡單。在很多情況下，我們聽別人說話時(shí)，周圍都有外界的和心理的干擾，電話鈴聲、關(guān)門聲、其他人的聲音是一些我們常見的外界干擾。但是心理的干擾更難克服。這里面的原因很多，說話人可能無法跟上聽話人思想的速度。常人的思考速度要比說話的平均速度快得多。當(dāng)聽話人有很多自由時(shí)間支配的時(shí)候，他們就可能會(huì)太專注自己的思緒而很快就不知

19、道說話人說到什么地方了。這就是問題的所在：聽得太快！ 第9頁/共31頁 Unit 7 Relationships and Communication6.Sometimes, the listener tends to skip part of what is being said unconsciously. Since each person has his own range of interests, when the speaker talks about something that is of no personal interest or concern to him, he w

20、ould “switch off the talking.” Though he might nod his head or respond with gestures, his mind is wandering. This automatic control exercises its influence especially when the topic is too boring.有時(shí)候，聽話人會(huì)下意識(shí)地跳過說話人的一些談話。每個(gè)人都有自己的興趣愛好，如果說話人談?wù)撘恍┞犜捜瞬桓信d趣或與聽話人無關(guān)的事情，聽話人就會(huì)“關(guān)掉談話”。雖然聽話人可能還會(huì)點(diǎn)頭或用其他肢體語言回應(yīng)，他的思緒卻游移

21、到別的事情上去了。這種自動(dòng)控制系統(tǒng)的作用在談話內(nèi)容太枯燥的時(shí)候尤其明顯。 第10頁/共31頁 Unit 7 Relationships and Communication 7.Other psychological factors also come into play. A persons feeling towards the speaker can affect his listening ability. If he has a poor impression of the speaker, because of his appearance or whatever, it is qu

22、ite natural that he would not tune in to the words of the speaker. 其他心理因素也同樣會(huì)起作用。一個(gè)人對(duì)說話人的印象也會(huì)影響他的理解能力，如果聽者對(duì)說話人的印象不好，比如由于說話人的相貌或某些原因，那他自然就不會(huì)去認(rèn)真聆聽說話人說的內(nèi)容。 第11頁/共31頁 Unit 7 Relationships and Communication 8. Verbal communication is a good means for people to understand each other. What has to be borne

23、in mind is that, to ensure that good communication takes place, talking and hearing are just not enough. When we hear people complain that no one listens to them or no one understands them, we should be able to provide an acceptable explanation. 言語交流是人們相互了解的很好方式。但是值得我們注意的是要確保交流的順利進(jìn)行，光憑說和聽是不夠的，當(dāng)聽到有人抱

24、怨沒人聽他們說話或沒人理解他們的時(shí)候，我們應(yīng)該能夠給他們一個(gè)合理的解釋。第12頁/共31頁 Unit 7 Relationships and CommunicationThe rise of the issue (peoples complaints)Further reason: lack of good listeningBenefits of good listeningHow to be a good listenerConclusionThe reasons: differences in opinion; misunderstanding第13頁/共31頁1. 人際關(guān)系人際關(guān)系pe

25、rsonal relationships2. 促促成成contribute to3. 感覺受冷落感覺受冷落feel deserted4. 往往往往tend to5. 借助借助resort to6. 考慮在內(nèi)考慮在內(nèi)take into account7. 一定會(huì)一定會(huì)be bound to8. 引起引起give rise to9. 避免誤解避免誤解avoid misunderstanding10. 缺乏交缺乏交流流lack of communication第14頁/共31頁13. 生理功能生理功能physiological function14. 血液流通血液流通blood circulatio

26、n15. 跟上跟上keep pace with16. 任某人處置任某人處置at ones disposal17. 心理因素心理因素psychological factors18. 起作用起作用come into play19. 忘乎所以忘乎所以be carried away20. 牢記牢記bear in mind11. 面臨面臨be confronted with12. 言語交流言語交流 verbal communication第15頁/共31頁 Unit 7 Relationships and Communication2.vital: adj. extremely important an

27、d necessary for something to succeed or existRegular exercise is vital for your health.旅游業(yè)對(duì)于國民經(jīng)濟(jì)來說是至關(guān)重要的。旅游業(yè)對(duì)于國民經(jīng)濟(jì)來說是至關(guān)重要的。The tourist industry is of vital importance to the national economy.NB: vitality n. 生命力生命力 ，活力，活力第16頁/共31頁 Unit 7 Relationships and CommunicationWords Splain:1. vi. express feel

28、ings of pain, dissatisfaction, or resentment2. vt. express dissatisfaction or resentmentMany patients complain of headaches and difficulty in sleeping when they take this drug.員工們抱怨工資過低而且福利差。員工們抱怨工資過低而且福利差。The employees complained that the wages were too low and the benefits were inadequate.NB: comp

29、lain complaint n.第17頁/共31頁 Unit 7 Relationships and Communication4. desert: vt. leave at a difficult time or in a cruel way, esp. with the intention of not returningMrs. Smith was deserted by her husband and had to support four children on her own.第18頁/共31頁 Unit 7 Relationships and Communication3.co

30、ntribute:1. vi. (usually followed by to) help in causing a situation, event, or conditionAn increase in the price of drugs has contributed to the rising cost of medical care.2. vt. give money, help, ideas, etc. to something1. vi. (usually followed by to) help in causing a situation, event, or condit

31、ionAn increase in the price of drugs has contributed to the rising cost of medical care.1. vi. (usually followed by to) help in causing a situation, event, or condition2. vt. give money, help, ideas, etc. to somethingAn increase in the price of drugs has contributed to the rising cost of medical car

32、e.1. vi. (usually followed by to) help in causing a situation, event, or conditionThe volunteers contribute their own time to the project.2. vt. give money, help, ideas, etc. to somethingAn increase in the price of drugs has contributed to the rising cost of medical care.1. vi. (usually followed by

33、to) help in causing a situation, event, or condition第19頁/共31頁 Unit 7 Relationships and Communication5.resort:1. vi. (usually followed by to) make use of; turn to (often something bad) for help Many homeless teenagers resort to stealing when their money runs out.2. n. a place frequented by people for

34、 relaxation or recreationa health resorta pleasure resorta summer resort a tourist resort療養(yǎng)地療養(yǎng)地游樂勝地游樂勝地避暑地避暑地旅游勝地旅游勝地3. n. the act of turning to something for aid or relief; recourse反復(fù)實(shí)踐是取得真知的方法。反復(fù)實(shí)踐是取得真知的方法。Repeated practice is the resort of gaining genuine knowledge.第20頁/共31頁 Unit 7 Relationships

35、and Communication6. apply:1. vt. (usually followed by for) request or seek assistance, employment, or admission She applied for a job with the local newspaper.2. vi. (usually followed by to) be pertinent or relevant勤儉節(jié)約的原則適用于一切事業(yè)。勤儉節(jié)約的原則適用于一切事業(yè)。The principle of diligence and thrift applies to all un

36、dertakings.3. vt. put to or adapt for a special useWe should learn to apply book knowledge to social practice.apply v. application n.applicable adj. applied adj. 申請(qǐng)；應(yīng)用申請(qǐng)；應(yīng)用申請(qǐng)；應(yīng)用申請(qǐng)；應(yīng)用適用的；可申請(qǐng)的適用的；可申請(qǐng)的 應(yīng)用的應(yīng)用的第21頁/共31頁8. analysis: n. (pl. analyses) examination of something together with thoughts and jud

37、gments about itUnit 7 Relationships and Communication7. take into account:(also take account of/take into consideration) consider or include particular facts or details when making a decision or judgment about somethingThese figures do not take into account the changes in the rate of inflation.NB: a

38、nalyze vt. analysis n. analytic adj. analyst n.分析分析分析分析分析的分析的分析家分析家第22頁/共31頁 Unit 7 Relationships and Communication9.bound:1. adj. very likely; certain建立在金錢基礎(chǔ)上的婚姻肯定要破裂的。建立在金錢基礎(chǔ)上的婚姻肯定要破裂的。The marriage on the basis of money is bound to break up.2. adj. travelling towards a particular place or in a par

39、ticular direction這列火車是開往上海的。這列火車是開往上海的。This train is bound for Shanghai.be bound for (a place)be bound to do sth. Collocation（搭配）（搭配）:前往某地前往某地必定必定, , 一定一定第23頁/共31頁 Unit 7 Relationships and Communication10.arise: vi. (arose, arisen) usually followed by from, out of come into being or begin to be noti

40、ced; happen; appear疏忽大意往往會(huì)引起事故的發(fā)生。疏忽大意往往會(huì)引起事故的發(fā)生。Accidents often arise from carelessness.arise:是不及物動(dòng)詞，意思主要指是不及物動(dòng)詞，意思主要指“出現(xiàn)，發(fā)生出現(xiàn)，發(fā)生”（后接（后接from形成詞組形成詞組，意為，意為“起因于起因于”）。例如：）。例如： A new difficulty has arisen.出現(xiàn)了新的困難。出現(xiàn)了新的困難。arouse:是及物動(dòng)詞，意思主要指是及物動(dòng)詞，意思主要指“喚醒，喚起，引起喚醒，喚起，引起” 。例如。例如:The odd sight aroused our c

41、uriosity.奇怪的景象激起我們的好奇。奇怪的景象激起我們的好奇。第24頁/共31頁 Unit 7 Relationships and Communication 11.confront: vt. come face to face with, especially with defiance or hostilityShe confronted the vital question of being bankrupt. 她面臨要破產(chǎn)的重大問題她面臨要破產(chǎn)的重大問題。12.facilitate: vt. make easy or easier; help新建的地鐵將便于人們?nèi)コ鞘懈魈?。新?/p>

42、的地鐵將便于人們?nèi)コ鞘懈魈?。The new underground railway will facilitate the journey to all parts of the city.Dividing students into small groups usually helps facilitate discussion.第25頁/共31頁14. keep pace with:move, increase, change, etc. at the same speed as sb./sth.Unit 7 Relationships and Communication 13.distr

43、action: n. something or someone that distracts, esp. an amusement宿舍里使人分心的事物太多，使我難以集中精力學(xué)習(xí)。宿舍里使人分心的事物太多，使我難以集中精力學(xué)習(xí)。There are too many distractions in the dorm for me to concentrate on my study.工資的提高是否與通貨膨脹同步？工資的提高是否與通貨膨脹同步？Are wages keeping pace with inflation?The supply of materials cannot keep pace

44、with the demand.第26頁/共31頁 Unit 7 Relationships and Communication15.disposal: n. the act of getting rid of something; removalHis disposal of the difficulty pleased everybody.at ones disposal 和和 at (或或in) ones disposition 都表示都表示“由某人任意支配由某人任意支配”，即想怎么處置就怎么處置。然而，即想怎么處置就怎么處置。然而前者特別強(qiáng)調(diào)兩點(diǎn)：任意使用；任憑某人的指揮。前者特別強(qiáng)調(diào)

45、兩點(diǎn)：任意使用；任憑某人的指揮。他對(duì)這個(gè)困難的處理使大家都感到滿意。他對(duì)這個(gè)困難的處理使大家都感到滿意。第27頁/共31頁 Unit 7 Relationships and Communication16.ensure: vt. make (something) certain to happen我們可以保證把工作做好。我們可以保證把工作做好。We can ensure that the work will be done in the right way.ensure, assure & insureA letter of introduction will ensure you an in

46、terview. I can assure you of the reliability of the news.My house is insured against fire. 我可以向你保證這消息是可靠的。我可以向你保證這消息是可靠的。憑一封介紹信準(zhǔn)保你會(huì)受到接待。憑一封介紹信準(zhǔn)保你會(huì)受到接待。我的房子保了火險(xiǎn)。我的房子保了火險(xiǎn)。第28頁/共31頁1. See, listen, and be silent, and you will live in peace. 多看多聽少多嘴，你會(huì)太平過日子。多看多聽少多嘴，你會(huì)太平過日子。2. The wise man is always a goo

47、d listener. 智者善聽人言。智者善聽人言。3. To make enemies, talk; to make friends, listen. 要成仇敵，多講；要成朋友，多聽。要成仇敵，多講；要成朋友，多聽。4. I like to listen. I have learned a great deal from listening carefully. Most people never listen. Ernest Hemingway, American writer 我喜歡傾聽。從仔細(xì)聆聽中我學(xué)到了很多。大多數(shù)人從不傾我喜歡傾聽。從仔細(xì)聆聽中我學(xué)到了很多。大多數(shù)人從不傾聽。聽。 美國作家美國作家 E. 海明海明威威Proverbs and Quotations第29頁/共31頁 Unit 7 Relationships and Communication第30頁/共31頁