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1、2022屆中考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí) 第二篇 中考語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)項(xiàng) 第26課 動(dòng)詞基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)一、動(dòng)詞的形式 大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞都有五種基本形式：動(dòng)詞原形、第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞。（一）第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中主語(yǔ)是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式，其變化規(guī)則與名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)的方法大體相同。具體見(jiàn)下表：規(guī)則變化動(dòng)詞原形第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式及讀音一般動(dòng)詞在詞尾加-s；-s在清輔音后讀/s/，-s在濁輔音和元音后讀/z/workgrowworks/s/grows/z/以s, x, ch, sh或o結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞加-es；-es讀/Iz/，o后的-es讀/z/fixcatchpushgokissf
2、ixes/Iz/catches/Iz/pushes/Iz/goes/z/kisses/Iz/以字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，直接加-s；-s讀/z/或/s/ridelikerides/z/likes/s/以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，改y為i，再加-es；-ies讀/Iz/studycarrystudies/Iz/carries/Iz/以“元音字母+y”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，直接加-s；-s讀/z/playsayplays/z/says/z/（二）現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則變化動(dòng)詞原形現(xiàn)在分詞一般在動(dòng)詞后加-inghelp workhelping working以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先去e再加-ingwrite mo
3、vewriting moving以y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，直接加-ingplay studyplaying studying以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先雙寫(xiě)末尾的輔音字母，再加-ingput sit run cut get begindrop stopputting sitting runningcutting getting beginningdropping stopping以ie結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，一般將ie改為y，再加-inglie die tielying dying tying（三）過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則變化動(dòng)詞原形過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞及其讀音一般在動(dòng)詞詞尾加-ed；-ed在清輔音后讀/t/，在濁輔音
4、和元音后讀/d/，在t/d后讀/Id/askanswerwantneedaskedasked/t/answeredanswered/d/wantedwanted/Id/neededneeded/Id/以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，直接加-d；-d在濁輔音和元音后讀/d/，在清輔音后讀/t/lovedancelovedloved/d/danceddanced/t/以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，把y變?yōu)閕，再加-ed；-ied讀/Id/worrystudyworriedworried/Id/studiedstudied/Id/以“元音字母+y”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，直接加-ed；-d讀/d/playstaypla
5、yedplayed/d/stayedstayed/d/以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先雙寫(xiě)末尾的輔音字母，再加-ed；-ed在清輔音后讀/t/，在濁輔音和元音后讀/d/，在t/d后讀/Id/stopplandroppreferstoppedstopped/t/plannedplanned/d/droppeddropped/t/preferredpreferred/d/【活學(xué)活用】 用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. Do you know the boy_（wear） glasses over there?2. My sister likes reading the novels_（write） by M
6、o Yan.3. I found a wallet_（lie） on the ground on my way to school yesterday.4. The lemon juice_（taste） sweet and sour after adding some honey. It is delicious.5. The cup_（drop） and broke.二、動(dòng)詞的分類(lèi)動(dòng)詞的分類(lèi)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞（v.）及物動(dòng)詞（vt.）跟賓語(yǔ)like, write。如：He likes music. 他喜歡音樂(lè)。不及物動(dòng)詞（vi.）不跟賓語(yǔ)rain, e。如：It rained heavily yes
7、terday. 昨天雨下得很大。系動(dòng)詞（link v.）跟名詞或形容詞作表語(yǔ)be, look, sound, taste, feel, smell, bee, turn, seem, keep, stay。如：I am a student. 我是一個(gè)學(xué)生。He felt excited. 他感到很興奮。助動(dòng)詞（aux. v.）跟動(dòng)詞原形或分詞（本身無(wú)意義）be （+doing）幫助構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)be （+done）幫助構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)have/had （+done）幫助構(gòu)成完成時(shí)態(tài)do, does幫助構(gòu)成一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的疑問(wèn)句或否定句did幫助構(gòu)成一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的疑問(wèn)句或否定句will, shall,
8、would, should幫助構(gòu)成將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（modal v.）跟動(dòng)詞原形（有意義）can, may, must, need, could, might, should三、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法概念情態(tài)動(dòng)詞本身有一定的意義，但不能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)，只能與其后的動(dòng)詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)，表示說(shuō)話(huà)人的情緒、態(tài)度或語(yǔ)氣，用來(lái)表達(dá)建議、請(qǐng)求、可能或意愿等。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后必須跟動(dòng)詞原形。常見(jiàn)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有：can, could, may, might, must, need, shall, will, should, would及半情態(tài)動(dòng)詞had better, have to。用法can,
9、could的用法1. 表示能力，表示“能；會(huì)；能夠”。如：We can use the puter now, but we couldnt two months ago. 現(xiàn)在我們會(huì)用電腦了，但兩個(gè)月前我們不會(huì)。He could ride a bike when he was four. 他4歲就會(huì)騎自行車(chē)了。2. 表示可能性，常用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句中。如：Today is Sunday, so he cant be at school. 今天是星期天，所以他不可能在學(xué)校。3. 表示允許，口語(yǔ)中常用may代替。如：You can/may use my car. 你可以用我的小汽車(chē)。can, co
10、uld的用法4. could雖然是can的過(guò)去式，但在口語(yǔ)中could常代替can表示委婉地提出請(qǐng)求，并不表示過(guò)去的時(shí)態(tài)，主要用于疑問(wèn)句中。如：Could you be here at eight oclock tomorrow morning? 明天上午8點(diǎn)你能來(lái)這兒?jiǎn)?？may, might的用法1. 表示許可，意為“可以”。如：You may leave now. 現(xiàn)在你可以走了。2. May I.? 表示請(qǐng)求許可，否定回答用mustnt，表示“不可以；禁止”。如：May I borrow your bike?我可以借你的自行車(chē)嗎？Yes, you may./No, you mustnt.
11、 是的，你可以。/不，你不可以。3. 表示推測(cè)，意為“可能；或許”。如：I cant find my ruler. 我找不到我的尺子。It may be in your pencil box. 它可能在你的鉛筆盒里。4. 用在祈使句中表示祝愿。如：May you succeed!祝你成功！5. may的過(guò)去式might表示的語(yǔ)氣更加委婉、客氣。如：Might I use your pen for a while? 我可以用一會(huì)兒你的鋼筆嗎？must的用法1. must作“必須；應(yīng)該”講，表示必要性；mustnt則表示“不應(yīng)該；不許”。如：You must buy a ticket. 你必須買(mǎi)票
12、。You mustnt play on the road. 你不許在馬路上玩。2. must作“一定”講，表示肯定的猜測(cè)（否定猜測(cè)用cant，意為“不可能”）。如：These must be Lucys clothes. 這些一定是露西的衣服。（對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的推測(cè)）Tom must be watching TV at home. 湯姆一定是在家看電視。（對(duì)現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的事情的推測(cè)）She must have seen the movie. 她一定看過(guò)這部電影。（對(duì)過(guò)去情況的推測(cè)）注：回答Must.?引出的疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，肯定回答用must，否定回答不能用mustnt，而要用neednt或dont ha
13、ve to。如：Must you finish your homework today? 你今天必須完成作業(yè)嗎？Yes, I must./No, I neednt. 是的，我必須。/不，我不必。need的用法need作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，意為“需要”，主要用于一般疑問(wèn)句和否定句，其肯定回答用must，否定回答用neednt。如：Need I finish the work today? 我需要今天完成這項(xiàng)工作嗎？Yes, you must./No, you neednt. 是的，你必須完成。/不，你不必。拓展：need用作及物動(dòng)詞，其后的賓語(yǔ)可以是名詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞、代詞。用法與其他行為動(dòng)詞一樣，
14、有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化。如：Does he need to wash his hands? 他需要洗手嗎？Yes, he does./No, he doesnt. 是的，他需要。/不，他不需要。shall, should的用法1. shall用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，常用于一般疑問(wèn)句，與第一人稱(chēng)連用，表示征求意見(jiàn)或看法。如：Shall we meet at the school gate tomorrow morning? 明天早上我們?cè)趯W(xué)校門(mén)口見(jiàn)面好嗎？2. should用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，表示勸告或建議，意為“應(yīng)該”，表示必要性。不可看作shall的過(guò)去式。如：We should be strict in all
15、 our work. 我們應(yīng)該嚴(yán)格要求我們所有的工作。will, would的用法1. 表示必然性。如：Fish will die without water. 沒(méi)有了水，魚(yú)就會(huì)死去。2. 表達(dá)意愿或意志。如：Well help him if he asks us for help. 如果他向我們尋求幫助，我們會(huì)幫他。I promise that I would do my best. 我答應(yīng)你，我會(huì)盡全力。3. 詢(xún)問(wèn)對(duì)方的意愿或提出請(qǐng)求，常與like, love連用，主要用于疑問(wèn)句中。如：Would you like another cup of coffee? 你想再喝一杯咖啡嗎？Will
16、 you go with me? 你愿意和我一起去嗎？【活學(xué)活用】 用適當(dāng)?shù)那閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞填空。1. Must I finish all the homework this evening?No, you_. Tomorrow is Saturday, and you have enough time for it.2. People_ drive after drinking alcohol（酒）. Its against the law.3. Do you have any plans for this summer vacation?Im not sure. I_ take a trip to
17、 Taiwan.4. Jill looks so painful. There_ be something wrong with her.5. Look at that girl!Is it Judy?No, it_ be her. She is still in London.四、短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞概念動(dòng)詞跟一個(gè)或兩個(gè)介詞或副詞構(gòu)成固定詞組后，在意義上和原來(lái)的動(dòng)詞不同，這種動(dòng)詞詞組叫短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分類(lèi)動(dòng)詞+介詞（后需加賓語(yǔ)）1. arrive in/at到達(dá)2. ask for要求3. begin with. 以開(kāi)始4. be from. 從來(lái)5. be about大約6. believe in相信7.
18、depend on/upon依靠8. get to到達(dá)9. look for尋找10. laugh at嘲笑11. send for派人去請(qǐng)12. wait for等待動(dòng)詞+副詞及物動(dòng)詞+副詞（后需加賓語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)為代詞時(shí)放中間）1. carry out執(zhí)行2. find out查明3. give up放棄4. hand in上交5. look up查找6. pick up撿起7. put on穿上8. put off推遲9. ring up給打電話(huà)10. set up建立11. take off脫下12. turn off關(guān)掉13. turn on打開(kāi)14. think over考慮不及物短語(yǔ)動(dòng)
19、詞（后不加賓語(yǔ)）1. get up起床2. give in屈服3. go on繼續(xù)4. grow up成長(zhǎng)5. look out小心6. show off炫耀7. set off/out出發(fā)8. stand up起立9. take off起飛10. wake up醒來(lái)動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞（后需加賓語(yǔ)）1. get on/along with. 與相處2. catch up with趕上；跟上3. e up to走近4. go on with繼續(xù)5. look down upon/on看不起6. look forward to盼望動(dòng)詞+名詞+介詞（后需加賓語(yǔ)）1. take part in參加2.
20、make fun of取笑3. make use of利用4. make friends with. 和交朋友5. shake hands with. 和握手6. take care of照料常用動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)歸納look1. look for尋找2. look after照顧3. look over查看4. look forward to盼望；向往5. look at看著6. look up抬頭看；查（字典）7. look into調(diào)查8. look out當(dāng)心9. look out of. 從往外看10. look like看起來(lái)像11. look the same看起來(lái)一樣12. look t
21、hrough透過(guò)看；瀏覽put1. put off推遲2. put on穿上；上演；增加3. put away把收起來(lái)4. put out撲滅5. put down寫(xiě)下6. put back放回7. put up舉起；建造；張貼turn1. turn on打開(kāi)2. turn off關(guān)掉3. turn up調(diào)高（音量）4. turn down調(diào)低（音量）5. turn to朝向6. turn into變成7. turn over翻開(kāi)；翻轉(zhuǎn)8. turn.into.把變成get1. get on/along （well） with sb. 與某人相處（融洽）2. get up起床3. get on
22、上車(chē)（船、飛機(jī)、馬）4. get off下車(chē)（船、飛機(jī)、馬）5. get back回去6. get back to回到7. get away離開(kāi)；逃脫8. get down下來(lái)9. get home到家10. get into進(jìn)入；陷入11. get out （of.）（從）出去12. get to到達(dá)13. get together聚會(huì)take1. take off（飛機(jī)）起飛；脫掉（衣服）2. take away拿走3. take out取出4. take pride in. 對(duì)感到自豪go1. go over溫習(xí)；復(fù)習(xí)2. go into走進(jìn)3. go out出去；熄滅4. go awa
23、y走開(kāi)5. go back回去；回顧6. go by（時(shí)間）流逝；從旁經(jīng)過(guò)7. go down下降；下沉8. go on繼續(xù)9. go through經(jīng)歷10. go to school去上學(xué)11. go home回家12. go to the doctor去看醫(yī)生make1. make a decision做決定2. make sb. do sth. 讓某人做某事3. make a mistake犯錯(cuò)誤4. make progress取得進(jìn)步5. make friends with. 與交朋友6. make up編造；虛構(gòu)；打扮；構(gòu)成；組成7. make a face做鬼臉e1. e alo
24、ng一道來(lái)2. e in進(jìn)來(lái)3. e into進(jìn)入4. e out出來(lái)；出版5. e down下來(lái)6. e from來(lái)自7. e back回來(lái)8. e across偶然遇到9. e over過(guò)來(lái)10. e home回家11. e into use開(kāi)始使用12. e on快點(diǎn)；得啦；跟著來(lái)；加油give1. give up放棄2. give off放出；發(fā)出（氣體、氣味、煙霧、光、水、熱等）3. give out精疲力竭；累倒；耗盡；用完；分發(fā)4. give away泄露；贈(zèng)送5. give in屈服；讓步；投降be1. be friendly/kind to. 對(duì)友好2. be differe
25、nt from. 與不同3. be afraid of害怕4. be popular with. 受歡迎5. be interested in. 對(duì)感興趣6. be strict with sb. 對(duì)某人嚴(yán)格7. be strict in sth.對(duì)某事嚴(yán)格8. be famous/known as. 作為有名9. be famous/known for. 因著名10. be surprised at. 對(duì)驚訝11. be pleased with. 對(duì)滿(mǎn)意12. be proud of. 對(duì)感到自豪13. be polite/impolite to. 對(duì)有禮貌/不禮貌14. be thank
26、ful/grateful to. 對(duì)感激15. be good for. 對(duì)有好處16. be good at擅長(zhǎng)于17. be made up of. 由構(gòu)成18. be angry with. 對(duì)生氣19. be busy with忙于20. be full of/filled with裝滿(mǎn)；充滿(mǎn)21. be late for. 遲到22. be covered with. 用覆蓋【活學(xué)活用】 根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示完成句子。1. The film I saw yesterday_ me_（使我想起） the days when I was with my grandparents in the c
27、ountryside.2. Here is the book. First_（瀏覽） the book, and then tell me what you think of it.3. Its impolite to cut in line while you are_（等待） a bus at the bus stop.4. There was a fire in the hotel at midnight last Friday. Luckily, it was soon_（撲滅）.5. When you visit a museum, you should_（注意） the instr
28、uctions and not be against them.當(dāng)堂檢測(cè)一、用方框中所給短語(yǔ)的適當(dāng)形式填空，每個(gè)短語(yǔ)限用一次。 take off pick up put off hurry up e out 1. （xx嘉興、舟山）My son_ a tool and began helping.2. A new book by Mo Yan will_ soon.Really? I cant wait to buy one!3. Our school had to_ the soccer games be-cause of the bad weather, which made studen
29、ts frustrated.4. Our plane is_ in a few minutes. Please be seated and keep your safe belt fastened.5._, you guys!You dont want to miss the train, do you?二、根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容和所給漢語(yǔ)提示，在空白處寫(xiě)出單詞的正確形式。每空限填一詞。（xx紹興市越城區(qū)中考模擬）Professor Stephen Hawking died at the 1_（年紀(jì)） of 76.He was a great scientist and an extraordinary
30、 man whose work will live on for many years. His courage and humor inspired people 2_（遍及） the world.Hawking also discovered that black holes are not3_（完全） black but emit radiation（釋放輻射） and will probably 4_（消失） at last.Unluckily, the ALS disease left Hawking wheelchair-bound and paralyzed. He was ab
31、le to move only a few5_（手指） on one hand and was always dependent on 6_（別人） or on technologybathing, dressing, eating and even speech.Most people value both his scientific achievements and his spiritual power. He said, “I have been 7_（幸運(yùn)的） that my condition has progressed more slowly than it is often
32、 the case. But it shows that one 8_（不必） lose hope.”He used to say to his children, “9_（永不） give up work. Work gives you meaning and purpose and life is empty if you dont have it. Whats more, if you find love around you, remember it is there and you shouldnt 10_（拋棄） it away.”We will miss him forever.
33、參考答案課堂突破一、1. wearing 2. written 3. lying 4. tastes5. dropped 三、1. neednt 2. mustnt 3. may/might 4. must5. cant四、1. reminded, of 2. look through 3. waiting for4. put out 5. pay attention to當(dāng)堂檢測(cè)一、1. picked up2. e out 【解析】此處e out意為“出版”。3. put off4. taking off 【解析】由句意理解可知飛機(jī)要起飛了。take off意為“（飛機(jī)）起飛；脫下”。5. Hurry up二、1. age 2. across 3. pletely 4. disappear5. fingers 6. others 7. lucky 8. neednt 9. Never 10. throw
2022屆中考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí) 第二篇 中考語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)項(xiàng) 第26課 動(dòng)詞基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)
