2020屆高考英語三輪復(fù)習(xí)回扣課本精講精練復(fù)習(xí) Unit4 Astronomy the science of the stars(1)學(xué)案 新人教版必修3

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1、2020;2020屆高考英語三輪復(fù)習(xí)回扣課本精講精練復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)案-人教版必修3- Unit 4Astronomy the science of the stars.重點(diǎn)單詞聚焦1It cost him more than one_(十億) dollars to complete the project.答案：billion2“What happened？” Johns mother asked him in a_(溫和的) voice.答案：gentle3Before the Earths protective_(大氣層) was formed，there was no life except i

2、n the sea.答案：atmosphere4With the_(引力) of the moon and the sun each day，tides (潮汐) roll in and roll away.答案：pull5Manmade_(衛(wèi)星) are used for sending and receiving messages.答案：satellites6Smoking_(乘，增加) the risk of heart attacks and other health problems.答案：multiplies7Eating too many desserts can be_(有害的

3、) to ones teeth.答案：harmful8Global warming and_(氣候) change problems are perhaps the greatest threats to our planet.答案：climate9According to the_(理論) of relativity (相對論)，nothing can travel faster than light.答案：theory10Most of the evidence had been destroyed._(因此，于是)，it was almost impossible to prove hi

4、m guilty.答案：Thus課文原句突破1隨后它會變成什么沒有人知道，直到3845億年前，這團(tuán)塵埃才慢慢地形成一個(gè)固體的球狀物。_ _ _ _ _was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.答案：What it was to become2地球變得如此猛烈，以至于它的形狀能否持久還不清楚。The earth became_violent_it was not clear whether the shape would last or no

5、t.答案：so；that3這就產(chǎn)生了一系列的反應(yīng)，使得生命就有可能開始發(fā)展了。This produced a chain reaction，which_ _ _ _ _ _ _.答案：made it possible for life to develop4而當(dāng)我試著向前邁步的時(shí)候，我發(fā)覺我被送出去很遠(yuǎn)，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的兩倍，因而我摔倒了。But when I tried to step forward，I found I was carried_ _ _ _ on the earth and fell over.答案： twice as far as5“天哪，”我大聲說?！耙Ω淖兞?/p>

6、，走路也的確需要練一練了?！薄癘h，dear，” I cried，“walking does need a bit of practice_ _gravity has changed.”答案：now thatatmosphere n大氣層，空氣；環(huán)境，氣氛教材原句P25：They were in time to produce carbon，nitrogen，water vapour and other gases，which were to make the earths atmosphere.它們最終產(chǎn)生了碳、氮?dú)狻⑺魵夂推渌麣怏w，這些后來形成了地球的大氣層。The waste they

7、 create goes into the atmosphere and makes us sick.它們制造出來的廢氣進(jìn)入大氣中，導(dǎo)致我們生病。The simple atmosphere of the office calmed me.簡樸的辦公室氣氛讓我平靜下來。Ever since their quarrel，there has been an unpleasant atmosphere in the office.自從他們發(fā)生口角以來，辦公室里總有一種不愉快的氣氛。1.(湖北高考)The top leaders of the two countries are holding talk

8、s in a friendly_.AatmosphereBstateCsituationDphenomenon解析：句意為：兩國高層領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人之間的會談在友好的氣氛中舉行。atmosphere氣氛；state狀態(tài)；situation處境；phenomenon現(xiàn)象。由句意可知A項(xiàng)正確。答案：Aharmful adj.有害的，其反義詞為harmless教材原句P26：What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and ac

9、ids into the oceans and seas.很多科學(xué)家相信，由于地球上長期有水存在，它使得地球得以把曾經(jīng)存在于大氣層中的有害氣體和酸性物質(zhì)溶解在海洋里。be harmful to對有害do harm to./do.harm損害There is no harm in doing sth./It does no harm to do sth.做某事是個(gè)好主意(或沒有壞處)It is harmful to your health to drink too much.過量喝酒對你的身體有害。Your smoking can be harmful to the health of your

10、 children.你吸煙會危及孩子的健康。He would never frighten anyone or cause them any harm.他永遠(yuǎn)不會嚇?；騻θ魏稳恕e may say no，but theres no harm in asking.他可能拒絕，但問一問也無妨。2.Doctors always tell us that drinking too much_our health，but some people dont care.Ais harm toBdoes harmful toCis harmful toDdo harm to解析：句意為：醫(yī)生總是告訴我們飲

11、酒太多有害健康，但有些人卻不在意。be harmful to sb.do harm to sb.對某人有害。D項(xiàng)應(yīng)用第三人稱單數(shù)。答案：Cpuzzle vt.使迷惑；使為難；使窘困；感到迷惑；n.(游戲的)猜謎；難題；謎教材原句P27：How life began on earth is one of the biggest puzzles that scientists found hard to solve.地球生命如何起源是科學(xué)家們覺得很難解決的最大的難題之一。What puzzles me is why he left the country without telling anyon

12、e.令我百思不解的是他為什么悄悄地離開了這個(gè)國家。I have been puzzling about this question for weeks now.我對這個(gè)問題已冥思苦想了好幾個(gè)星期。Its quite a puzzle to us why he did that.他為何做這樣的事，我們完全搞不懂。Her puzzled look on her face suggested she didnt understand what I said.她臉上迷惑的表情表明她不明白我說的話。3.完成句子She lost heart since she failed in the exam.She

13、_(對將來感到迷茫)答案：felt puzzled about her futurepull n& vt.拉(力)；拖；牽引力教材原句P30：As the rocket rose into the air，we were pushed back into our seats because we were trying to escape the pull of the earths gravity.隨著火箭的升空，我們被重重地推回到座位上，因?yàn)槲覀冋M力擺脫地球的引力。pull back撤回pull down拆毀；摧毀pull in(車輛)進(jìn)站?？?；靠邊?？縫ull out駛出；退出pull

14、 through康復(fù)；痊愈He pulled the door open and rushed out.他拉開門，沖了出去。The police car signalled to us to pull in.警車發(fā)出信號，要我們駛向路邊?？?。We waved as the train pulled out of the station.火車駛出車站時(shí)我們揮手告別。The doctor told me that I would pull through.醫(yī)生告訴我我會康復(fù)的。4.用pull的短語填空：(1)Houses were_to make way for a new highway.(2)

15、Cheer up！Take more exercise every day and you will_.(3)John_behind me and parked.(4)Be careful when you_of the driveway.答案：(1)pulled down(2)pull through(3)pulled in(4)pull outin time及時(shí)；終于；總有一天He managed to send the tourists to the airport in time.他設(shè)法把游客及時(shí)送到機(jī)場。Will you be home in time to see the chil

16、dren before they go to bed？你會在孩子們上床睡覺之前回來看他們嗎？If you keep on，you will succeed in time.如果堅(jiān)持下去，你們遲早會成功的。on time準(zhǔn)時(shí)；按時(shí)in no time立即；馬上at a time一次；每次at one time曾經(jīng)；一度at the same time同時(shí)take ones time別著急；慢慢來At one time，half the land on the Earths surface was covered by forest.曾經(jīng)，地球表面有一半的土地被森林所覆蓋。You must giv

17、e your homework to the teacher on time.你必須準(zhǔn)時(shí)把作業(yè)交給老師。5.用time的適當(dāng)短語填空：(1)The cloud never hides the sun.The truth will be known to all_.(2)_there were not so many cars on the streets.(3)_I go out to the beach to relax.(4)I am afraid I cant return the book to you before Friday._.答案：(1)in time(2)At one ti

18、me(3)At times(4)Take your timein ones turn輪到某人；接著教材原句P26：Thus they have，in their turn，become the most important animals on the planet.于是，他們接著成為了這個(gè)行星上最重要的動(dòng)物。When it is in my turn，I am too excited to speak.當(dāng)輪到我時(shí)，我激動(dòng)得都說不出話來了。in turn依次，輪流；反之，反過來by turns輪流；交替地take turns to do sth.輪流做某事It is ones turn to

19、do sth.輪到某人做某事The customer praised the manager，who in turn praised his staff.顧客表揚(yáng)了經(jīng)理，經(jīng)理轉(zhuǎn)而表揚(yáng)了他的職員。All theories are derived from practice and in turn serve practice.所有的理論都來源于實(shí)踐，并反過來為實(shí)踐服務(wù)。Now it is your turn to look after the children.現(xiàn)在輪到你照看孩子了。6.People try to avoid public transportation delays by usi

20、ng their own cars，and this_creates further problems.Ain shortBin caseCin doubtDin turn解析：本題考查短語意思辨析。in short意為“總之，簡言之”；in case意為“假使，免得，以防萬一”；in doubt意為“感到懷疑，被懷疑的”；in turn意為“反過來，依次，輪流”。根據(jù)句意要求應(yīng)選D。答案：Dprevent.from.阻止/制止做教材原句P26：They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere，which prevents

21、 heat from escaping from the earth into space.他們把過多的二氧化碳釋放到大氣層中，這使得地球上的熱不能釋放到太空中去。No one can prevent this plan from being carried out.誰也不能阻止這個(gè)計(jì)劃的實(shí)施。Once he has made up his mind，nothing can prevent him from doing so.一旦他下定決心，什么也不能阻止他這樣做。His advice prevented/kept/stopped me from making a serious mistak

22、e.他的忠告使我免于犯嚴(yán)重的錯(cuò)誤。He wears sunglasses to protect his eyes from the strong sunlight.他帶墨鏡保護(hù)眼睛使其免受太陽光的傷害。7.完成句子Measures have been taken to_(阻止河流污染)答案：prevent/stop/keep the river from being pollutedcheer up(使)高興；使振奮；感到振奮教材原句P31：I cheered up immediately and floated weightlessly around in our spaceship cab

23、in watching the earth become smaller and the moon larger.我立刻高興起來，由于失重我在太空艙里飄來飄去，我望著(身后的)地球越來越小，而(前方的)月亮越來越大。Give Mary a call，she needs cheering up.給瑪麗打個(gè)電話，她需要人安慰。Cheer up！Our troubles will soon be over.振作起來！我們的困難很快就會過去。When Im feeling sad my mother tells me funny stories to cheer me up.當(dāng)我感到憂傷時(shí)，我的母親就

24、給我講有趣的故事讓我高興起來。They do this in order to encourage crowds to cheer their sports team.他們這樣做是為了鼓勵(lì)人們?yōu)樗麄兊那蜿?duì)加油。8.Im thinking of the test tomorrow.Im afraid I cant pass this time._！Im sure youll make it.AGo aheadBGood luckCNo problemDCheer up解析：句意為：我正在考慮明天考試的問題，恐怕這次我會不及格。振作起來！我相信你會通過的。根據(jù)上下文只有Cheer up“振作起來”

25、符合題意，而Go ahead繼續(xù)，Good luck好運(yùn)氣，No problem沒問題，均不符合題意。答案：DBut when I tried to step forward，I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.而當(dāng)我試著向前邁步的時(shí)候，我發(fā)覺我被送出去很遠(yuǎn)，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的兩倍，因而我摔倒了。倍數(shù)表達(dá)法：(1)“A倍數(shù)形容詞或副詞的比較級thanB”，表示“A比B大(長、高、寬等)多少倍”。(2)“A倍數(shù)as形容詞或副詞的原級asB”，表示“A是B的多少倍”。(3)“A倍數(shù)the size/

26、height/length/width，etc.ofB”，表示“A是B的多少倍”。(4)A倍數(shù)what從句There are five times more books in our library than in yours.我們圖書館里的書比你們圖書館里的書多五倍。He has read twice as many books as I have.他讀的書是我讀過的兩倍。My house is twice the size of my parents.我的房子是我父母的兩倍大。Our city has experienced twice as much rain this year as

27、it did last year.我們城市今年的雨水是去年的兩倍。9.According to statistics，a man is more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer_a woman.AthanBsuchCsoDas解析：閱讀題干可知此題考查倍數(shù)句式的同級比較句型，其構(gòu)成應(yīng)為：倍數(shù)詞as形容詞/副詞原級as另一比較對象，所以此空應(yīng)填as。答案：D10Peters jacket looked just the same as Jacks，but it cost_his.Aas much twice asBtwice as much

28、asCmuch as twice asDas twice much as解析：本題句意應(yīng)為：彼得的夾克衫看上去與杰克的相同，但價(jià)格卻是他的兩倍。表達(dá)倍數(shù)用“倍數(shù)詞asadj.as”結(jié)構(gòu)。答案：B11Ten years ago the population of our village was_that of theirs.Aas twice large asBtwice as large asCtwice as much asDas twice much as解析：句意為：十年前我們村的人口是他們村的10倍。形容詞比較級的結(jié)構(gòu)之一為：倍數(shù)as形容詞原級as.答案：B12Some parts i

29、n South China have experienced_this year as they did last year.Atwice as much rainBrain twice as muchCas twice much rainDtwice rain as much解析：考查倍數(shù)表達(dá)法“倍數(shù)as many/muchn.as.”。因倍數(shù)詞為前位限定詞，排除B、C兩項(xiàng)，而D項(xiàng)不合句型結(jié)構(gòu)。答案：A“Oh dear，” I cried，“walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.”“天哪，”我大聲說：

30、“重力改變了，看來走路也的確需要練一練了。”now that由于；既然，引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，有時(shí)that可以省略。Now that I have nothing to do，I can enjoy music for a little while.既然我無事可做，我可以享受一會兒音樂了。Now you have grown up，you can make up your mind by yourself.你已長大了，可以自己作決定了。辨析：because，since，as，for與now that(1)because語氣最強(qiáng)，一般指事情發(fā)生的直接原因，回答提問時(shí)，一般放在主句之后。He was

31、absent from the meeting because he was ill yesterday.昨天他沒參加會議是因?yàn)樗×恕?2)since語氣較弱，指雙方都明確的原因或眾所周知的原因，側(cè)重主句，從句表示顯然的或已知的理由。Since you cant answer the question，Ill ask someone else.既然你回答不出這個(gè)問題，我就問別人了。(3)as語氣比because弱，所引導(dǎo)的從句表示的是顯而易見的原因和理由，從句一般放在主句前。As there was no answer，we wrote him again.鑒于他沒有回復(fù)，我們又給他寫了封信

32、。(4)for是并列連詞，表示推斷的原因，或?qū)η耙环志溲a(bǔ)充說明理由。for表示這一用法時(shí)需放在兩句之間。It must have rained last night，for the ground is wet.昨晚肯定下雨了，因?yàn)榈孛媸菨竦摹?3.Did you return Freds call?I didnt need to_Ill see him tomorrow.AthoughBunlessCwhenDbecause解析：句意為：你給Fred回電話了嗎？我沒必要回，因?yàn)槊魈煳乙ヒ娝hough雖然；unless除非；when當(dāng)時(shí)；because因?yàn)椤４鸢福篋14_youve got

33、 a chance，you might as well make full use of it.ANow thatBAfterCAlthoughDAs soon as解析：句意為：既然你得到了一次機(jī)會，不妨充分利用它。答案：A.完成句子1_(既然) youve finished your homework，you can go and play football to have a rest.答案：Now that2Do your best in your career，and youll succeed _(遲早)答案：in time3_(當(dāng)心) for his temper！Hes not

34、 easy to deal with.答案：Watch out4Whenever Im upset，she always has a good idea to make me_(感到高興)答案：cheer up5The first modern robot_(誕生) in 1954，created by George Davel and operated digitally.答案：came into existence6The government has taken measures to_ the cultural relics_(阻止被損壞)答案：prevent；from being d

35、amaged.巧思妙解1_matters most in learning English is enough practice.AWhatBWhyCWhereDWhich解析：本題考查名詞性從句的用法。根據(jù)句子的分析，_matters most in learning English是主語部分，is enough practice是謂語部分。再分析主語部分，發(fā)現(xiàn)缺少的是主語，指的是事情，所以應(yīng)該用一個(gè)代詞what。答案：A2_worries me the way he keeps changing his mind.AThisBThatCWhatDIt解析：考查代詞it的用法。用做形式主語。

36、真正的主語是the way。答案：D3_parents say and do has a lifelong effect on their children.AThatBWhichCWhatDAs解析：考查名詞性從句。所填詞引導(dǎo)主語從句，引導(dǎo)詞作從句的賓語，指物；用what。答案：C4_he couldnt understand was_，as a teacher of Chinese，he was asked to teach history.AWhat；thatBWhat；whatCWhat；whichDWhy；how解析：第一個(gè)空格引導(dǎo)主語從句，且從句缺賓語，故用what，而不用在從句中

37、作狀語的why；第二個(gè)空格引導(dǎo)表語從句，且該從句不缺任何成分，故用在表語從句中不作成分的that，而不用在從句中作成分的what，which，how。答案：A5_is known to us all is that the 2020;2020 Olympic Games will take place in London.AItBWhatCAsDWhich解析：句意為：我們都知道，2020;2020年奧運(yùn)會在倫敦舉行。本題是由一個(gè)主語從句_is known to us all和一個(gè)表語從句that the 2020;2020 Olympic.組成，主語從句中缺少主語，用what指代這一事件，注

38、意本題可以轉(zhuǎn)化為It is known to us all that the 2020;2020 Olympic Games will.(it作形式主語)；以及As is known to us，the 2020;2020 Olympic Games will.(As引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句)。答案：B.語法專練本單元語法主語從句1Please remember_wins your respect is not your background but your knowledge and virtues.AthatBwhatCwhichDwhere解析：考查主語從句。句意為：請記住，為你贏得尊重的

39、不是你的背景，而是你的知識和美德。題干中remember之后為賓語從句，其中，what wins your respect又為主語從句。答案：B2It is uncertain_side effect the medicine will bring about，although about two thousand patients have taken it.AthatBwhatChowDwhether解析：句意為：盡管說已經(jīng)有大約兩千名病人服用了這種藥品，但是，這種藥品會帶來什么副作用還不明確。本題考查名詞性從句。本題設(shè)空處須引導(dǎo)主語從句，that 無實(shí)際意義，在從句中不作成分；what

40、什么，在從句中可作主語、賓語和表語，還可修飾名詞作定語；how 如何，多么；在從句中作方式狀語或修飾形容詞；whether 是否，在從句中作狀語，不修飾名詞。side effect 為名詞短語，故須用what 修飾。答案：B3_young people see and hear in the media helps them to figure out how the world works.AWhichBThatCWhatDHow解析：考查主語從句。語境為：年輕人通過媒體聽到的和看到的事情幫助他們了解周圍的世界是如何運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的。“young people see and hear in the

41、media”中動(dòng)詞see和hear缺少賓語，因此空白處應(yīng)填What。答案：C4Mary looks down today.What is up?Well，_happened between Mary and me is none of your business.AwhereverBwhoeverCwhateverDno matter what解析：whatever引導(dǎo)主語從句，在從句中作主語。答案：C5(2020;2020東城第一學(xué)期檢測)It makes his life quite different_he has received education abroad.AthatBwhichCwhatDhow解析：考查連詞。it作形式主語，that引導(dǎo)的主語從句作真正的主語，that不可以省略。從句部分主謂賓成分齊全，可以排除B、C；how表方式，不符合語境。答案：A