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1、廣東汕頭市2020高考英語（二輪）閱讀理解練習（5）高考英語任務(wù)型閱讀考前精講精練（答案）任務(wù)型閱讀復(fù)習指導(dǎo)浙江省的任務(wù)型閱讀采用了“六選五”型小標題配伍題型。該題型較好地貫徹了浙江省高考英語考試說明的指導(dǎo)思想：在考查學(xué)生英語語言知識和技能的同時，側(cè)重考查學(xué)生綜合運用語言獲取信息、處理信息、分析問題和解決問題的能力。尤其側(cè)重于考查學(xué)生語篇綜合理解能力和歸納概括能力。一、題型特點浙江卷采用該題型已有三年，現(xiàn)將三年高考真題的特點列表分析如下：年 份詞 數(shù)體 裁話 題2020526議論文團隊協(xié)作2020591說明文如何讓你的生活簡單化2020524議論文不要拖沓今日事今日畢通過上表可知，浙江卷任務(wù)型
2、閱讀的選材有如下特點：1. 篇幅：在500-600詞之間，文章比較長；2. 體裁：主要為議論文和說明文，一般不考記敘文，因為記敘文多按故事情節(jié)展開，而不是分要點展開；3. 話題：話題貼近學(xué)生生活，時代感強。常見的話題有：日常生活、學(xué)生生活、學(xué)習方法與技巧、環(huán)境保護、人際關(guān)系、科普知識等；4. 文章結(jié)構(gòu)：所選文章多為“總分”型，即：文章一般由兩大部分組成：引子 +正文，正文部分則由五個部分組成，每個部分均由“小標題+說明”組成，各部分的說明是對小標題的闡釋或論證。需要特別說明的是，2020年該題型為選擇每段的首句，而不再是子標題。其實，各段首句也就是本段主題句，相當于本段落的子標題。二、真題實例
3、分析2020年高考英語浙江卷下面文章中有5個段落需要添加首句 (第6165題)。請從以下選項(A、B、C、D、E和F) 選出適合各段落的首句。選項中有一項是多余選項。A. Time can run out.B. Tomorrow wont be better.C. Ideas need time to develop.D. Your professor will be impatient.E. You blow off your chances for help.F. You are probably overestimating (高估) the pain.Never Put off Tom
4、orrowWhat You Can Do TodayWant to put off studying for the physics test? Or writing that thirty-five-page research paper on future uses of biotechnology? Sure you do? And who wouldnt? But its still a silly idea to put off doing something until a future time. Here is why .61. The task will be still t
5、he same. It wont be any more fun and you still wont want to do it. As the deadline gets closer and closer, the task seems to become larger and larger if you havent started the work. And the stress increases. Now not only do you have to write that paper, you have to do it under great pressure.62. Bef
6、ore you start, it seems that the task is unlikely to be accomplished. But you know what? Youre probably miscalculating. Get started maybe on a small piece and you will discover that you have more resources and know more about the subject than you thought. Result? You wont experience nearly as much s
7、uffering as you expected to. Things are guaranteed 100 percent to get better.63. If you leave your work before the night before its due, you give up the possibility of getting input from your professor. Professors regularly give advice or at least a few useful tips during office hours. Unfortunately
8、 though, they dont usually hold office hours at midnight, so you will be out of luck when you discover the night before the midterm that you have no idea how to do the questions that will count for two-thirds of your grade.64. Ever wonder why the professor assigns the paper two weeks before its due?
9、 Its because he or she expects you to be thinking about the issue, or doing the research, for two weeks. No, not every waking moment, but at least some of the time. After all, the professor could just as easily have given the assignment one week before it was due if he or she expected less thinking.
10、 Most college papers require you to have some kind of idea, then to spend some time thinking about it, revising it, and polishing it. When you throw together a paper or a report at the last minute, your ideas are half-baked. And your professor will know it.65. If you put things off at the last minut
11、e, you might find that you havent budgeted enough minutes to finish the necessary tasks. Its the easiest thing in the world to miscalculate how long it will take to do all the work especially when new issues arise like illness, family problems, computer breakdowns, trouble at work, and all the other
12、 things as you are thinking through your paper argument or preparing yourself for the coming test. If you keep delaying, you dont allow yourself time for those various life events that have an adverse (不利的) effect on your ability to complete your assignment.有些學(xué)生喜歡拖延，豈不知明日復(fù)明日，明日何其多。文章從五個方面論述了不能將今日事拖延
13、至明日，應(yīng)該今日事今日畢。61. B。通讀本段可知，本段從兩個層面展開討論：1. (前兩句) 任務(wù)依舊在那里，需要做，不會變得有趣，你依舊不愿做；2. (后三句) 越往后推，工作任務(wù)越發(fā)顯得沉重，壓力也就越大，你將需要在承受巨大壓力之下完成任務(wù)。顯然，本段討論的角度是：向后拖延并不會帶來什么好處。62. F。根據(jù)it seems that the task is unlikely to be accomplished以及You wont experience nearly as much suffering as you expected to可知，本段討論的是你可能因為高估了困難而拖延，其實
14、，完成任務(wù)并沒有你想象的那么難。63. E。根據(jù)you give up the possibility of getting input from your professor以及you will be out of luck可知，本段分論點為：把事情放到最后一刻去做，將會喪失獲得幫助的機會。本段論述方式為舉例說明，例子為大學(xué)生如果把課業(yè)留在最后一刻，將會失去得到教授指導(dǎo)的機會。D項有一定干擾性，但本段只是說晚上教授一般不工作，并沒有說教授會失去耐心。64. C。根據(jù)本段中出現(xiàn)的two weeks, not every waking moment, but at least some of t
15、he time, one week, at the last minute等可知，本段討論的話題與時間相關(guān)。選項中有兩個選項與時間有關(guān)：A項和C項。A項說的是“時間會隨著拖延而流失”，顯然不是本段討論的內(nèi)容。C項說的是“想法需要時間不斷提升”，與本段內(nèi)容吻合。65. A。本段空格后的第一句：如果人們習慣于將事情推到最后一刻去做，將可能發(fā)現(xiàn)沒有預(yù)留出足夠的時間來完成要做的事情。最后一句：生活中總是會有阻礙完成工作的各種事情發(fā)生，如果你有拖延的習慣，你將不會有時間去應(yīng)付。顯然，本段討論的是拖延到最后時刻，很容易導(dǎo)致時間不夠用。三、解題步驟及方法指導(dǎo)本題型可以按以下步驟解題：第一步：閱讀所提供的選項
16、，推測文章主旨。考生應(yīng)先瀏覽所提供的選項，利用這些信息激活與文章主題相關(guān)的背景知識，同時根據(jù)所提供的選項去推測文章的內(nèi)容，預(yù)測所要概括段落的內(nèi)容。第二步：分段閱讀，各個擊破。讀每段話時，要注意其中的關(guān)鍵信息句與關(guān)鍵信息詞，關(guān)鍵信息句與關(guān)鍵信息詞可能出現(xiàn)在段落的開頭，也可能出現(xiàn)在段落中間和段落的末尾，建議考生在閱讀過程中劃出段落主題句和關(guān)鍵信息詞，閱讀時應(yīng)綜合考慮整個段落，要能準確迅速提取出概括主旨的信息，初步確定一個能概括該段主旨大意的選項。一般來說，段落的關(guān)鍵信息句與關(guān)鍵信息詞往往就體現(xiàn)出了該段的主旨大意，但命題人可能會對關(guān)鍵信息句換一種說法，或者用關(guān)鍵信息詞的同義（近義）詞以及同根詞作為段
17、落的主旨概括選項，這時候要看清選項真正的意思，靈活處理信息，做出正確選擇。同時還要注意分析段落的層次結(jié)構(gòu)，注意段落的行文方式，特別是要注意段落行文過程話題和意義的轉(zhuǎn)換，謹防出現(xiàn)以偏概全和錯誤概括的問題，考生一定要讀完每個段落，因為有些段落的主旨會出現(xiàn)在段落的結(jié)尾。本階段應(yīng)注意以下事項：1. 認真比較選項的異同，確定各選項的關(guān)鍵詞語，如2020年試題的A項和C項均涉及到time，但A項的重點在于run out，C項則為Ideas develop。D. Your professor will be impatient.的關(guān)鍵詞是impatient；E. You blow off your chan
18、ces for help.的關(guān)鍵詞是chances for help；F. You are probably overestimating the pain.的關(guān)鍵詞是overestimating the pain。2. 使用過的選項要做出標記，這樣，剩下的選項就會不斷減少，后面段落答案的確定就可以大大減少用時。建議直接使用其適用空白處的題號標記，簡單明了。多余選項予以排除后，可作特殊標記，以示區(qū)別。確定各空答案的方法：1. 高頻詞匯關(guān)聯(lián)法。一個段落圍繞某一話題展開，必然會大量使用與該話題關(guān)聯(lián)的詞匯。如上述64題一段出現(xiàn)了two weeks，not every waking moment, b
19、ut at least some of the time，one week，at the last minute等大量與time相關(guān)的詞匯，由此可知，本段討論的話題與時間相關(guān)。從而可確定A項和C項的可能性最大。2. 利用復(fù)現(xiàn)關(guān)系解題法。復(fù)現(xiàn)是行文不可避免要使用的一種詞匯銜接手段，它通過原詞、同 (近) 義詞、概括詞等形式重復(fù)某一概念，從而使整篇文章上下連貫，有機地銜接在一起。如上述63題，該段中的you give up the possibility of getting input from your professor實際上與E項You blow off your chances for
20、help同義，屬于復(fù)現(xiàn)關(guān)系。復(fù)現(xiàn)包括原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、同根詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、同(近)義復(fù)現(xiàn)、反義復(fù)現(xiàn)、上下義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)和解釋型復(fù)現(xiàn)。3. 概括總結(jié)法。對于那些無法通過上述方法解答的試題，恐怕我們就只能通過細讀段落內(nèi)容，概括總結(jié)出其主旨大意，然后再在選項中找到合適的選項。如65題，我們就無法通過高頻詞語關(guān)聯(lián)法或利用復(fù)現(xiàn)關(guān)系解題，此時，我們可認真閱讀，自己總結(jié)段落大意。第三步：復(fù)核答案。復(fù)核時，重點關(guān)注未被選的干擾項，防止出現(xiàn)錯選。閱讀理解Sitting on the peaceful coast of Galapagos Islands. Ecuador, watching the sun move quietly
21、into the sea, you shouldnt forget that Charles Darwin (1809-1882) arrived here in 1835. He stayed on the islands for five weeks, observing various animals. This finally inspired (啟發(fā)) his famous work, On the Origin of Species. You can certainly follow Darwins footsteps and enjoy a trip from four to s
22、even days to the islands. The islands are certainly a paradise (天堂) for wildlife, as there are no natural killers on the islands and the number of boats and visitors is under government control. Though you cannot walk freely as Darwin did about 200 years ago, each day is as impressive as it could be
23、. The most well-known animal of the Galapagos is the giant tortoise(巨型海龜), which can be seen moving slowly around the highlands of Sanra Cruz, the second largest island in the archipelago(群島). Some of these creatures are so old that they might have been seen in their youth by Darwin himself. Despite
24、 strict control over activities and timing, your stay on the Galapagos will be remembered as a chain of incomparable pictures: diving with sea lions that swim and play within inches of you; feeling small sharks touch your feet as you swim; and, most magically, seeing a whale and her baby surface wit
25、h a great breath of air. Travelling between the islands and observing the wildlife that so inspired Darwin, you will feel as though you are getting a special view of an untouched world. At night you will sleep on board the ship, leaving the wildlife in complete occupation of the islands, which are a
26、s undisturbed now as they have been since the beginning of time.( ) 1. What do we know about Darwins visit to the islands?A. He studied different creatures on the islandsB. He completed his famous book on the islandsC. He was touched by the geography of the islandsD. He was attracted by well-known a
27、nimals of the islands( ) 2. Which of the following plays a role in making the islands a paradise for wildlife?A. Animals on the islands feed on grass.B. Local government forbids killing wildlife.C. People cannot visit the islands as they wish.D. Tourists are not allowed to touch the animals.( ) 3. Y
28、our stay on the islands will be most impressive mainly because of_.A. The beautiful sea viewsB. Darwins inspiring tripC. a closer view of animalsD. various daring activities( ) 4. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A. A Unique Attraction for Wildlife LoversB. Calapagos as
29、 a Paradise for AdventuresC. Charles Darwin as a Symbol of GalapagosD. A Successful Example of Wildlife Protection【語篇解讀 語篇解讀】本文介紹了一個冒險家的樂園 Galapagos Islands,達爾文曾在這兒受到啟發(fā)寫 語篇解讀 出了物種起源一書,同時,由于這兒保護得很好,直到現(xiàn)在依然是旅游的好去處.1. 答案 A 【解析】細節(jié)理解題.由文中的 He stayed on the islands for five weeks, observing various animals
30、.可知達爾文在這兒觀察了各種各樣的動物.2. 答案 C 【解析】細節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)文中.strict control over activities and timing.可知,當?shù)貙τ慰偷?活動和參觀時間都是有嚴格限制的,所以答案選 C 項.3. 答案 C 【解析】細節(jié)理解題.根據(jù) your stay on the Galapagos will be remembered as a chain of incomparable pictures: diving with sea lions that swim and play within inches of you; feeling smal
31、l sharks touch your feet as you swim; and, most magically, seeing a whale and her baby surface with a great breath of air.可知,在 Galapagos 島上能與動物親密接觸.4. 答案 A 【解析】主旨大意題.這篇文章主要是向我們推薦 Galapagos Islands,因此題目要具有醒目 的特點,方能達到吸引讀者眼球的目的,故題目以 A 為佳。閱讀理解In the more and more competitive service industry, it is no l
32、onger enough to promise customer satisfaction. Today, customer “delight” is what companies are trying to achieve in or order to keep and increase market share.It is accepted in the marketing industry, and confirmed by a number of researches, that customers receiving good service will promote busines
33、s by telling up to 12 other people: those treated badly will tell their tales of woe to up to 20 people, 80 percent of people who feel their complaints are handled fairly will stay loyalNew lunges for customer care have come when people can obtain goods and services through telephone call centers an
34、d the Internet. For example , many companies now have to invest(投資)a lot of money in information technology and staff training in order to cope with the “phone rage”caused by delays in answering calls ,being cut off in mid-conversation or left waiting for long periods.“Many people do not like talkin
35、g to machines,” says Dr . Storey Senior Lecturer in Marketing at City University Business School. “Banks, for example, encourage staff at call centers to use customer data to establish instant and good relationship with them .The aim is to make the customer feel they know you and that you can trust
36、the sort of comfortable feelings people have during face-to-face chats with their local branch manager.”Recommended ways of creating customer delight include: under-promising and over-delivering (saying that a repair will be calmed out within five hours ,but getting it done within two );replacing a
37、faulty product immediately : throwing in a gift voucher(購物禮卷)as an unexpected “thank you” to rental customers ;and always returning calls ,even when they are complaints.Aiming for customer delight is all very well , but if services do not reach the high level promised , disappointment or worse will
38、be the result . This can be eased by offering an apology and an explanation of why the service did not meet usual standards with empathy (for example,” I know how you must feel”), and possible solutions (replacement , compensation or whatever fames suggests best meets the case).Airlines face some of
39、 the toughest challenges over customer care. Fierce competition has convinced them that delighting passengers is an important marketing tool, while there is great potential for customer anger over delays caused by weather, unclaimed luggage and technical problems.For British Airways staff, a winning
40、 telephone style is considered vital in handling the large volume of calls about bookings and flight times. They are trained to answer quickly, with their name, job title and a “we are here to help” attitude. The company has invested heavily in information technology to make sure that information is
41、 available instantly on screen.British Airways also says its customer care policies are applied within the company and staff are taught to regard each other as customers requiring the highest standards of service.Customer care is obviously here to stay and it would be a foolish company that used slo
42、gans such as we do as we please”. On the other hand, the more customers are promised, the greater the risk of disappointment.( ) 1. We can learn from Paragraph 2 that .A. complaining customers are hard to satisfyB. unsatisfied customers receive better serviceC. Satisfied customers catch more attenti
43、onD. well-treated customers promote business( ) 2. The writer mentions “phone rage”(Paragraph 3) to show that .A. customers often use phones to express their angerB. people still prefer to buy goods onlineC. customer care becomes more attentionD. customers rely on their phones to obtain services( )
44、3. What does the writer recommend to create delight?A. Calling customers regularly B. Giving a “thank you” note.C. Delivering a quicker service D. Promising more gifts.( ) 4. If a manager should show his empathy (Paragraph6), what would he probably say?A. “I know how upset you must be.” B. “I apprec
45、iate your understanding.”C. “Im sorry for the delay.” D. “I know its our fault.”( ) 5. Customer delight is important for airlines because .A. their telephone style remains unchangedB. they are more likely to meet with complaintsC. the services cost them a lot of moneyD. the policies can be applied t
46、o their staff( ) 6. Which of the following is conveyed in this article?A. Face-to-face service creates comfortable feelings among customers.B. Companies that promise more will naturally attract more customers.C. A company should promise less but do more in a competitive market.D. Customer delight is more important for airlines than for banks.參考答案、DCCABC
廣東省汕頭市2020高考英語二輪復(fù)習 閱讀理解練習（5）
