江蘇省江陰市峭岐中學(xué)2020屆高三英語復(fù)習(xí) 虛擬語氣講義

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1、虛擬語氣一 虛擬語氣的概念：If I were you, I would study English. 如果我是你，我就學(xué)英語了。 May you succeed! 祝您成功！虛擬語氣表示動作或狀態(tài)不是客觀_的事實(shí)，而是說話人的主觀_、_或推測等。二 虛擬語氣在條件從句中的用法:1. If it doesnt rain tomorrow, we will go to the park. 如果明天不下雨，我們就去公園。2. If my brother were here, everything would be all right. 要是我哥哥在這兒 ，一切都沒問題了。3. If it shou

2、ld snow/were to snow/ snowed heavily this evening, we would not have evening self-study.如果今晚下大雪，我們將不上晚自習(xí)了。4. If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 如果他昨天見到你，他會問你這件事的。(事實(shí)上他昨天沒見到你，因此也未能問你這件事。)條件句有兩類，一類是真實(shí)條件句，一類是_條件句。如果假設(shè)的情況是有可能發(fā)生的，就是_，在這種真實(shí)條件句中的謂語用_語氣，如第_句。 如果假設(shè)的情況是_或_都不存在的，或?qū)?/p>

3、來不大可能發(fā)生的，則是_條件句，如第_句。從 句主 句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反動詞的過去式（be的過去式一般用were）_ _ _ _(3d1t) + 動詞原形與過去事實(shí)相反動詞的_ would/ should/ could/ might +_與將來事實(shí)相反 動詞過去式，_ + 動詞原形，_ + 動詞原形would/ should/ could/ might + 動詞原形 難點(diǎn)一：錯綜條件虛擬：If you had listened to the doctor, you _(be) all right now.If I _(take) my raincoat when I came out this m

4、orning, I would not be wet through now.有時_表示與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，而主句卻表示與_或_的事實(shí)相反，即表示“如果_，現(xiàn)在或?qū)砭蜁敝?，這種虛擬形式叫錯綜條件虛擬語氣。難點(diǎn)二：虛擬語氣的省略或倒裝:Should he come (If he should come), tell him to ring me up.Were I you (If I were you), I would not do it.If you had taken my advice(_)，you wouldnt have failed in the exam.如果虛擬條件從句

5、中有_，had(此處had必須是_動詞) 或 _，可以把_省略，把這幾個詞放到主語之前，構(gòu)成倒裝。難點(diǎn)三：含蓄虛擬條件句（用其它形式替代if 條件從句）：1）有時假設(shè)的情況并不用條件從句表示出來，而是通過介詞短語來表示。常見的介詞有_, but for( )等。如：Without air (If there_ no air), there would be no living things.But for your help (If it _ _ for your help), I couldnt have done it.2）有時虛擬語氣體現(xiàn)在某些副詞上，如：but, or, or else

6、, otherwise等。I was busy that day. Otherwise I _(go)there with them.(If I _ busy that day, I would have gone there with them.)I would have finished the work, but I was ill.(If I _ ill, I would have finished the work.)He turned up at last, or we would have had to find another time for the meeting.三虛擬語

7、氣中用(should) do 的情況1. I demand that he (should) answer me immediately.2. It was required that the medicines _ (send) there by plane.3. The order came that everybody _ (fight) against H1N1 flu.4. His suggestion is that we _ (solve) the problem at once.用來說明 _、命令、提議、請求、要求等動詞或_內(nèi)容的從句謂語動詞用(should)do 常見的動詞和

8、名詞有（在括號內(nèi)寫出單詞的意思）：urge （ ） recommend（ ）require request demand（ ） insist（ ） suggest （ ） command（ ）order propose（ ） advise 等。recommendation, requirement, request, demand, suggestion,command, order, proposal, advice, etc.注意：當(dāng)suggest表“_ _”，insist表“_ _”時，應(yīng)使用陳述語氣。 對比: His pale face suggested that he _(be)

9、ill.Its suggested that the plan _(carry) out. He insisted that he _(not steal) the womans wallet.The doctor insisted that the patient _(operate) on at once.It is important that everyone (should) obey the law. It is strange that he (should) say so.It is essential that effective measures (should ) _(t

10、ake) to improve learning efficiency.歸納：句型 It is important/ strange/essential( )/自然的（ ） that 從句，從句中的謂語動詞用_, _可省略。四：幾種特殊結(jié)構(gòu)中虛擬語氣的用法1. 觀察以下wish引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，歸納出wish+賓語從句的用法。How I wish I _(be) a flying bird! He wishes he hadnt made such a mistake.I wish I could go to space some day./ How I wish it would be fin

11、e tomorrow.歸納： _, 表示與現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反wish+ _, 表示與過去的事實(shí)相反_, 表示與將來的事實(shí)相反2. 觀察以下if only引導(dǎo)的從句，歸納出if only的用法。If only I knew his name! If only we had followed your advice! If only I could see him again!區(qū)別：He will succeed only if he does his best.歸納： _, 表示與現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反if only+ _, 表示與過去的事實(shí)相反_, 表示與將來的事實(shí)相反3. 觀察以下as if/thoug

12、h引導(dǎo)的從句，歸納出as if/though的用法。She loves the baby as if it _(be) her own son.They talked as if they _(be) friends for years, but in fact, they met only a few minutes ago.Many dark clouds gather in the sky. It looks as if it_(rain).歸納： _, 表示與現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反as if/though+ _, 表示與過去的事實(shí)相反但是，當(dāng)說話者認(rèn)為句子所屬的是真實(shí)的或極有可能發(fā)生的或存在的

13、事實(shí)時，as if/though后應(yīng)該用_語氣。4. 觀察以下would rather 引導(dǎo)的從句，歸納出would rather 的用法。I would rather you _(pay) me now.I would rather you_(not tell) me the truth just now.I would rather you_(come) tomorrow.歸納： _, 表示與現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反would rather+ _, 表示與過去的事實(shí)相反_, 表示與將來的事實(shí)相反5. 觀察以下its (high/about) time (that)引導(dǎo)的從句，歸納出其用法。When

14、you cant find time for a rest, its time you_(need) a rest .(你該休息的時候)you should have a rest.歸納：Its (high/about) time (that) sb._/_ sth.鞏固練習(xí)1. If they _ earlier than expected, they _ here now.A. had started, would be B. started, might beC. had started, would have been D. will start, might have been2.

15、Were I to do it, I _ it some other way.A. will do B. would do C. would have done D. were to do3. I _ him the answer _ possible, but I was so busy then.A. could tell; if it had been B. must have told; were itC. should have told; had it been D. should have told; should it be4. Without your help, we_ s

16、o much.A. won t achieve B. didnt t achieve C. dont achieve D. wouldnt have achieved5. He asks that he _ an opportunity to explain why hes refused to go there.A. is givenB. must giveC. should give D. be given6. It is important that we _.A. shall close the window before we leaveB. will close the windo

17、w before we leaveC. must close the window before we leaveD. close the window before we leave7. Do you think of Wang Fangs suggestion that he _ Mr. Li to the party?A. will invite B. have invited C. is invited D. invite8. Li Ming insisted that he _ anything at all.A. hadn t stolen B. shouldnt t steal

18、C. doesnt t steal D. steal9. -Would you have called her up had it been possible? -Yes, but I _ busy doing my homework.A. wasB. wereC. had beenD. would be10. His tired face suggested that he _ really tired after the long walk.A. had been B. wasC. be D. should be11. He _ you more help, even though he

19、was very busy.A. might have given B. might give C. may have givenD. may give12. Jane would never have gone to the party _ that Mary would come to see her.A. has she known B. had she knownC. if she know D. if she has known13. 2020重慶卷 It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I

20、 _ it?A. had done B. have done C. did D. am doing14. 2020安徽卷 People are recycling many things which they _ away in the past!Ahad thrown Bwill be throwing Cwere throwing Dwould have thrown15.2020北京卷 We _back in the hotel now if you didnt lose the map.Aare Bwere Cwill be Dwould be16. 2020福建卷 _no moder

21、n telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.AWere there BHad there been CIf there are DIf there have been17. 2020湖南卷 If Mr. Dewey _ present, he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there. A. wereB. had been C. should be D. was18. 2020陜西

22、卷 We would rather our daughter _ at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.A. would stay B. has stayed C. stayed D. stay19. 2020天津卷 _ the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting.A. Did he catch B. Should he catch C. Has he caught D. Had he caught20. 2020浙江卷 They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation, or they _ to our help. Awould have come Bcould come Chave come Dhad come