高考英語(yǔ)·短文改錯(cuò)·考點(diǎn)與套路(完整校驗(yàn)版).doc

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1、高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)考點(diǎn)與套路（完整校驗(yàn)版）Part 1 考點(diǎn)規(guī)律1. 錯(cuò)詞考點(diǎn)一、虛詞選擇錯(cuò)誤 介詞或副詞選擇錯(cuò)誤：這種情況極為復(fù)雜，各種情況都有可能。這里只提供幾組作為參考：before / ago, among / between, after / in, below / under, on / above / over, across / through, except / besides, with / in(用), to / for (對(duì)于), like / as 等。 連詞選擇錯(cuò)誤或連詞與介詞混淆。如：because / for(since, as), if / whether, i

2、f / unless, so as / so that, hardly when / no sooner than, while / when, till / until等。關(guān)系詞選擇錯(cuò)誤：who/whom/whose，Which/that，what/which(that),(介詞+)whom(which)/that,(it is.)that/when/where/how等。 感嘆詞選擇錯(cuò)誤：how/what。 代詞選擇錯(cuò)誤：人稱代詞的格，如：l/me/my/mine。人稱代詞與反身代詞，如：I (me)/myself。先行詞it（作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)）與指示代詞：it/that(this)。不定代詞

3、與限定詞：some/any, no/none/no one( nobodv), every/each, everyone/every one, aIVboth, any/either, none/neither, few/little, many/much, other/others/another. other/else, so/such(that)等。 冠飼選擇錯(cuò)誤：a/an，a(n)/the。 助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞選擇錯(cuò)誤：need/must/can/may，must/have to。二、實(shí)詞詞形錯(cuò)誤 名詞詞形錯(cuò)誤：名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式，特別注意不規(guī)則名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式；名詞的所有格，特別注意不規(guī)則

4、復(fù)數(shù)名詞的所有格，如：the childrens；名詞所有格的絕對(duì)形式。如：My son is older than my elder brothers. 動(dòng)詞詞形錯(cuò)誤：不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞形式錯(cuò)誤，特別注意幾組易于混淆的詞，如：lie(躺) / lie(說(shuō)謊) / lay；hang(掛) / hang(絞死)；find / found(建立)；fall / fell(砍倒)；bear(忍受) / bear(生育)等的過(guò)去式與過(guò)去分詞。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用法的選擇，特別是充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)是用過(guò)去分詞還是現(xiàn)在分詞(取決于主語(yǔ)、名詞中心詞與賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系)；在 to 后是用不定式還是

5、動(dòng)名詞(取決于to是介詞還是小品詞)；以及在并列結(jié)構(gòu)中后面動(dòng)詞的形式，必須與第 1 個(gè)動(dòng)詞保持一致。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)形式的選擇，是現(xiàn)在時(shí)還是過(guò)去時(shí)還是其他時(shí)態(tài)；情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和 will(would), shall (should) 等助動(dòng)詞后面的動(dòng)詞形式的選擇(只能用原形)。 形容詞與副詞詞形錯(cuò)誤：是用原級(jí)、比較級(jí)還是最高級(jí)，是加 more, most 還是加 -er, -est 構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。 詞性選擇錯(cuò)誤：不同的詞性充當(dāng)不同的句子成分，要注意實(shí)詞的詞性是否適合其功能，不符合則應(yīng)換用適當(dāng)?shù)呐缮~。其中特別要注意：連系動(dòng)詞后常用形容詞充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)，而不用副詞。如：He feels cold. 作狀語(yǔ)

6、用副詞，而不用形容詞。如：He works well.三、同義詞、近義詞、形似詞選擇錯(cuò)誤。這里舉一些常見的例子：acceptreceive, alive/living/lively, allow/let, alone/lonely, aloud/loudly, already/yet/still, also/too/either, number/amount/quantity, answer/reply, asleep/sleepy/sleeping, bring/ take/fetch/carry, clothes/clothing, deep/deeply, defeat/fail, co

7、st/spend/take/pay, hard/hardly, high/highly, ill/sick, job/work, late/lately, lend/borrow, near/nearly/nearby, likely/possible/probable, raise/rise, rob/steal. say/speak/tell/talk, sit/seat, sound/noise/voice, live/stay, very/much, try/manage, wide/widely, win/beat( defeat), wish/hope, worth/worthy。

8、還可能出現(xiàn)詞序的錯(cuò)誤，如：His both parentsboth his parents; Never I haveNever have I等，通過(guò)以下練習(xí)來(lái)進(jìn)一步掌握短文改錯(cuò)的解題技巧?！九涮拙毩?xí)】以下各句都有一處錯(cuò)詞，請(qǐng)找出來(lái)。1. I have the same idea as his.2. Everyone of us is working hard in this factory.3. I have caught the bad cold for a week and I cant get rid of it4. This is the steel plant where we v

9、isited last week.5. Following the road and you will find the store.6. This is all what Dr. Smith said at the meeting.7. Everyone agreed to his suggestion which we should hold a meeting to talk about the problem.8. Why dont you ask anybody else to help you?9. The pen is missing, for we cannot find it

10、 everywhere10. Sorry, I have no such a book.11. The two languages are not at all the same in neither spelling or grammar.12. Cant you remember tell me that the other clay? 13. He had changed so much that I could hardly know him.14. I knew from Joan that Mary had fallen ill.15. Would you please speak

11、 something about your family?16. The discovery is great importance in science.17. The experiment was much more easier than we had expected.【參考答案】1本題應(yīng)將his改為he, as實(shí)際上引導(dǎo)的是定語(yǔ)從句，其中主語(yǔ)應(yīng)用主格he，和主句中I并列。試比較：My idea is the same as his. his等于his idea，與主句中my idea并列。2everyone和anyone與表示范圍的of介詞短語(yǔ)連用時(shí)應(yīng)分開寫，如：every one

12、of us; any one of them.3動(dòng)詞catch是短暫性行為動(dòng)詞，這里表示“感染”，不能和類似for a week這樣表示時(shí)間段的狀語(yǔ)連用，應(yīng)把；have caught改為have had.4visit是及物動(dòng)詞，關(guān)系副詞where不能作它的賓語(yǔ)，所以應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞that或which，也可省略。5根據(jù)句意，前句是條件，后句是結(jié)果，應(yīng)用祈使句+and+含有將來(lái)時(shí)的陳述句。因此，須把Following改為：Follow。6what不能做關(guān)系代詞，應(yīng)把what改為that( all是不定代詞，不能用關(guān)系代詞which)，另外，由于關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)，也可省略chat。本句另一個(gè)

13、改法是去掉all,這樣，what從句作表語(yǔ)。7從句意中可知，which引導(dǎo)的從句說(shuō)明了suggestion的內(nèi)容，是同位語(yǔ)從句，不是定語(yǔ)從句。which不能引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，應(yīng)是that。定語(yǔ)從句起的是修飾和限制的作用。試比較：He agreed to the plan that we should finish ten units this term（他同意我們?cè)诒緦W(xué)期完成十個(gè)單元的掌習(xí)計(jì)劃。）that引導(dǎo)的是同位語(yǔ)從句，指plan的具體內(nèi)容，即什么計(jì)劃。He agreed to the plan which(或that) was made at the meeting他同意大會(huì)上所制訂的計(jì)劃

14、。which或that從句是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾plan，指哪一個(gè)計(jì)劃，并未涉及plan的內(nèi)容。8本句表示的是說(shuō)話人的建議，在表示建議、請(qǐng)求或征詢意見的問(wèn)句中不能用any，anything，anybody或anywhere，而要用some，something，somebody或somewhere。故應(yīng)將anybody改為somebody。9否定句中應(yīng)用anywhere表示全否定。not和everywhere連用是不完全否定，與前句意義不符。10本題有兩種改法。把no改為not或去掉句中a，因?yàn)閚o等于not a。11neither須與nor搭配，either須與or搭配，但neither.nor_與

15、前面的not at all不符，而either.，or可與否定詞連用，表示全否定。故應(yīng)將neither改為either。12本句的意思應(yīng)是“你不記得幾天前你告訴過(guò)我那件事了嗎？”remember周于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，指現(xiàn)在記得以前干過(guò)的事情，因此，tell應(yīng)改為telling，表示以前干過(guò)的事。remember to do則表示記住要做某事，to do指未做的事。本題如用不定式，則全句意思不明。13從上文的“變化巨大”可確定下文是“幾乎認(rèn)不出”，而不是“幾乎不認(rèn)識(shí)”。因此，know應(yīng)改為recognize。know是狀態(tài)性動(dòng)詞，recognize是行為性動(dòng)詞，這里應(yīng)用后者。14know from是受

16、中文“從某人那里知道”的影響，另一方面，know表示狀態(tài)，不是行為性動(dòng)詞，而from sb應(yīng)和行為動(dòng)詞連用?！皬哪橙四抢锏弥薄奥犇橙苏f(shuō)”，英語(yǔ)應(yīng)說(shuō)learn from sb或hear from sb.15speak的賓語(yǔ)常為表示語(yǔ)言的名詞，如speak English，除此以外一般用作不及物動(dòng)詞，如speak to sb。本句應(yīng)改為say something about。16importance與主語(yǔ)discovery非等同物，應(yīng)用形容詞important來(lái)說(shuō)明discovery的性質(zhì)，可是句中g(shù)reat不能修飾形容詞，還須將great改為greatly才能修飾important但這種改法不

17、符合語(yǔ)言改錯(cuò)的規(guī)則。我們只要在great importance前加介詞of就能起到同樣的作用。也就是說(shuō)The discovery is of great importance in science.= The discovery is greatly important in science.17該題是考查修飾比較級(jí)的副詞作程度狀語(yǔ)的用法。much作程度副詞常用來(lái)修飾比較級(jí)，而more本身就是比較級(jí)，因而它不能用來(lái)修飾比較級(jí)，故應(yīng)把more去掉。2. 多詞考點(diǎn)(1) 多一介詞或副詞 有些動(dòng)詞在漢語(yǔ)中是不及物動(dòng)詞，在英語(yǔ)中是及物動(dòng)詞，可能多一個(gè)介詞。如：serve for the people,

18、 follow after him, play with her in a match, marry with her, engage with her 有些動(dòng)詞可作及物動(dòng)詞，也可作不及物動(dòng)詞，但搭配不同，可能混淆而多一個(gè)介詞。如：join in the game, 但 join in the club; pay for a TV set, 但 pay for three dollars; search for the map, 但 search for the thief for his watch 有些“動(dòng)詞 + 介詞”形式的動(dòng)詞后面沒(méi)有賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，后面的介詞是多余的。如：He looked

19、at but could see nothing.How are you getting on with? 有些動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞后接名詞或代詞時(shí)須加一個(gè)介詞，但接that從句時(shí)，必須去掉介詞。如：agree to it, 但 agree to that.; be sure of it, 但be sure of that; be sorry for it, 但 be sorry for that 有些副詞或介詞詞組后加一個(gè)介詞，組成了復(fù)合介詞，若后面沒(méi)有接賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，最后的介詞則是多余的。如：If you wont go, Ill go instead of.He walked out of. 有

20、些連詞后加 of 成為復(fù)合介詞，如果后接從句，of 是多余的。如：Because of he was ill 地點(diǎn)副詞的意義中已經(jīng)包含了介詞 to，如果再用 to則是多余的。如：on my way to there, get to home, go to upstairs, return to home last year, next month, this week, one day等名詞詞組直接充當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，前面用介詞是多余的。 有些動(dòng)詞受漢語(yǔ)意思影響而多一副詞，如：stop down(停下來(lái)), raise up (舉起來(lái)), return back(歸來(lái)，回來(lái)), repeat aga

21、in (復(fù)述) 有些動(dòng)詞在一種用法中要加副詞，而在另一種用法中加副詞則是多余的。如：build up our country, 但 build up railways(2) 多一連詞 狀語(yǔ)從句與主句之間多一并列連詞，如：though but; because so; the more and the more 充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)的分詞與主句之間多一并列連詞。如：Sitting down and he began to work.Regarded as the best in the class, so he was praised at the meeting. 從屬連詞后多一 that。如：becau

22、se that since that, unless that 復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)前多一 that。如：I heard that him say it.I found that her lying on the ground.間接疑問(wèn)分句前多- that。如：I agree with him what he said. I dont remember that who did it.(3)多一代詞主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)之間多一關(guān)系代詞。如：Some people dont like football, but many people who do like it. 作定語(yǔ)的分詞前多一關(guān)系代詞。如：I know th

23、e boy who standing there.(也可在 who 后加 is)The man who invited to the ball last night is my friend.(也可在 who 后加was) 定語(yǔ)從句中的名詞已由關(guān)系代詞取代，再用代詞則是多余的。如：She bought the book (that) she had first asked for it.I have seen the girl (whom) you are talking of her. 用不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果其邏輯賓語(yǔ)或介詞賓語(yǔ)就是被修飾的名詞詞組，后面再用代詞是多余的。如：The tea

24、is too hot to drink it.He is a good comrade to work with him. 在“形容詞 + 不定式”句型中，如果不定式的邏輯賓語(yǔ)或介詞賓語(yǔ)就是句子的主語(yǔ)，再用代詞作賓語(yǔ)或介詞賓語(yǔ)則是多余的。如：This question is too difficult to answer it.The house is nice to live in it. 在“連詞 + 分詞 / 名詞 / 形容詞 / 副詞 / 介詞詞組”結(jié)構(gòu)中，加上代詞作主語(yǔ)是多余的。如：He took notes while he reading.If it heated, ice tu

25、rns to water.(4) 多一助動(dòng)詞 時(shí)間、條件從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)時(shí)，用 will, would 是多余的。如：If he will try hard, he will succeed.Ill tell them about it as soon as they will come. be sure 或 make sure + that 從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)，用 will, would 是多余的。如： I make sure that you will come early. 在賓語(yǔ)從句中主語(yǔ)前的助動(dòng)詞是多余的。如：Would you tell me what do you

26、 want? 獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)中的 be(助動(dòng)詞或連系動(dòng)詞)是多余的。如：The game was over, he went home.She smiled, tears were still running down her face.(5) 多一冠詞 與介詞 at, in, to連用的名詞 school, class, town, hospital, church, prison, bed 等表示與其有關(guān)的活動(dòng)時(shí)，用冠詞是多余的。如：go to the school(上學(xué)), be in the prison(坐牢), be in the bed(在睡覺) 與 by 連用的交通工具名稱和 air

27、, land, sea 等名詞前用冠詞是多余的。如：by the bike, by the sea, by the train 表示游戲活動(dòng)而不是表示游戲工具的名詞前不用冠詞。如：play the / a volleyball, play the chess, play the table tennis 由“專有名詞 + 普通名詞”構(gòu)成的專有名詞前不用定冠詞。如：the Beijing Airport, the Oxford Street, the Hyde Park 在一些固定搭配中。如：at the first, at the last, the most of us most 作“非?！?/p>

28、解時(shí)，前面用 the 是多余的。如：Oh! Its the most beautiful!She is the most diligent. 含有 Day 的節(jié)日前加 the 是多余的。如：the May Day, the Womens Day, the National day, the New Years Day 在“名詞 + as / though”結(jié)構(gòu)中，名詞前不用任何冠詞。如：a child as he is / a fool as he is 家庭成員名稱前不用冠詞。如：Where is the father? The mother is ill. Ask the mother t

29、o put the baby to bed. The aunt is taking the sister out for a walk.(6)多一小品詞在除have to, ought to, used to之外的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后用to是多余的。如：He can to speak English.在had better, would rather, rather than后的不定式前用to是多余的。如：You had better not to go. I would rather to stay at home. He prefers to stay at home rather than to

30、go swimming.在make, let, have, see, feel, watch, notice, observe等動(dòng)詞后充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的不定式前用to是多余的。如：He made me to do heavy work. Let me to have a rest. 【配套練習(xí)】以下各句都有一處多余，請(qǐng)找出來(lái)。1. You need not to go with me unless you are free now.2. He promised to come and see us after the supper.3. The teacher is busy preparing

31、 for his lessons.4. Got on the school bus and which took us straight to the Peoples Park.5. Oliver Twist, the hero of the story, he was an or-phan.6. Do you know our team leader we cal兒l him Big Wang?7. He told me that how important it is to learn English.8. She asked me if I had found out my new pe

32、n.9. I didnt hear you. Please repeat the sentence again.10. We must study hard in order to serve for the people better in the future。11. Dont let the children who are so young to go swimming.12. Do you know what do these words mean?13. In fact, they are planning to visit China in next week14. I have

33、 three letters to be answer this afternoon.15. Having been ill for a long time.so she fell behind her classmates16. What a terrible weather weve been having!17. A hundred of people attended the meeting last night.18.“YouII be late for school unless you will get up at five, said mother【參考答案】1need為情態(tài)動(dòng)

34、詞，后跟動(dòng)詞原形，所以去掉to。2去掉the。supper，dinner，lunch，breakfast，tea等表示一日三餐的名詞前不用冠詞，但如果這些名飼前有形容詞修飾，表示特殊或不一般意義時(shí)，應(yīng)用冠詞。如= have a good dinner(吃一頓豐盛的晚餐)；after a quick breakfast(匆匆忙忙吃過(guò)早飯以后)。3根據(jù)意思，his lessons應(yīng)是prepare的直接賓語(yǔ)，而不是目的。因此，這里prepare用作及物動(dòng)詞，去掉for。4關(guān)系代詞which本身具有連接主句和從句的作用，所以應(yīng)去掉連詞and，但在which前應(yīng)用逗號(hào)隔開，使其引導(dǎo)一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句

35、。也可不加逗號(hào)，直接去掉and構(gòu)成限定性定語(yǔ)從句。還可保留連詞and，將which改為代詞it，構(gòu)成并列句。5本句是簡(jiǎn)單句，主語(yǔ)是Oliver Twist，he是多余的主語(yǔ)，應(yīng)去掉。the hero of the story是同位語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于非限制性定語(yǔ)從句who was the hero of the story。6去掉him。本題為主從復(fù)合句，Do you know our team leader為主句，we call him Big Wang為定語(yǔ)從句。在這個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句中，call的賓語(yǔ)為已省略的關(guān)系代詞whom或that，Big Wang為call的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，him與關(guān)系代詞重復(fù)，為多余

36、詞，故虛去掉。7副詞how具有連接主句和從句的作用，因此that多余，應(yīng)去掉。8find out意為通過(guò)調(diào)查、詢問(wèn)、思考、研究等“弄清楚”或“查明”某件事情。find意為“找到”，是動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)look for“尋找”的結(jié)果。根據(jù)句意，這里應(yīng)去掉out。9repeat意為say again，所以句中again為多余詞，應(yīng)去掉。10serve為及物動(dòng)詞，可直接帶賓語(yǔ)，表示“為服務(wù)” “侍候” 招待”。句中介詞for為多余詞，應(yīng)去掉。11本句賓語(yǔ)部分較長(zhǎng)，使整個(gè)句子結(jié)構(gòu)很難理清。who are so young是賓語(yǔ)the children的定語(yǔ)。主句的結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)是Dont let the childre

37、n.go swimming，謂語(yǔ)是let，后面不定式不帶to，因此應(yīng)去掉to。12賓語(yǔ)從句要用陳述句語(yǔ)序，應(yīng)把助動(dòng)詞do去掉。13去掉next week前面的in，因含有this，that，last，next構(gòu)成的詞組前一般不加in。14 當(dāng)不定式作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞時(shí)，如果該句中能找到不定式動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)，則不定式不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，反之通常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。（There be結(jié)構(gòu)中，作定語(yǔ)用的不定式短語(yǔ)，如沒(méi)有邏輯主語(yǔ)，則可用被動(dòng)，也可用主動(dòng)）本題中主語(yǔ)I為answer的邏輯主語(yǔ)，answer不能用被動(dòng)，應(yīng)去掉be。15Having been ill for a long time是現(xiàn)在分詞補(bǔ)語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，故

38、連詞so為多余詞，應(yīng)去掉。另外，so，but這樣的連詞，應(yīng)該連接兩個(gè)并列成分。既然so前面是短語(yǔ)，后面是句子，那么這個(gè)連詞就應(yīng)去掉。16weather為不可數(shù)名詞，應(yīng)去掉不定冠詞a。17應(yīng)去掉of，A hundred people就是“一百人”的意思。如改為hundreds of people_則意為“好幾百人”這樣就涉及了兩個(gè)詞的改動(dòng)，不符合改錯(cuò)的規(guī)則。18unless引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語(yǔ)從句，根據(jù)語(yǔ)法規(guī)則，條件狀語(yǔ)從句（通常由m unless，on condition that引導(dǎo)）、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句（通常由when，as等引導(dǎo)的）和讓步狀語(yǔ)從句如要表示將來(lái)，通常用一般時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)，即用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

39、代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)代替過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，據(jù)此應(yīng)去掉unless從句中的will。3. 缺詞考點(diǎn)(1) 缺一介詞 有些動(dòng)詞后有時(shí)有介詞，有時(shí)沒(méi)有介詞，可能混淆而缺一介詞。如：attend a meeting, 但 attend (to) the patient; prepare breakfast, 但 prepare (for) the exam; join us, 但 join(in) a game. 表語(yǔ)形容詞通常具有動(dòng)詞意義，很可能誤以為是動(dòng)詞而漏掉介詞。如：be afraid (of) nothing, be present (at) the meeting, be sure (a

40、bout) it。 except, instead of, from, since, till, until 后面可跟另一介詞詞組充當(dāng)介詞賓語(yǔ)，可能會(huì)漏掉第 2 個(gè)介詞。如：He came on foot instead of (by) bike.A big bear ran out from (behind) a tree. hundreds, thousands 等后面可能漏掉 of。類似的還有millions (of), dozens (of), scores (of)(2) 缺一連詞 漢語(yǔ)常用意合法，分句與分句之間往往不用連詞，但英語(yǔ)里不行。如：It began to rain, (a

41、nd) they had to stop the match. (如果中間用分號(hào)可不用連詞)It was late, (so) we went home.You like sports, (while) Id rather read.He looked for the key, (but) didnt find it. 受漢語(yǔ)影響，并列動(dòng)詞詞組之間可能缺一個(gè)and。如：She smiled (and) said good-bye to her father. 名詞性從句 that分句置于句首或作同位語(yǔ)時(shí)不可缺少連詞。如： (That) she is beautiful is known to

42、us all.We heard the news (that) our team had won. even后可能缺少連詞if或though.如：I dont mind evenA (if或though) he doesnt come. as后可能缺少if或though.如：He walks as (if或though) he were drunk.(3) 缺一代詞 充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞不能缺少。如：The accident (that) happened yesterday was very serious. 英語(yǔ)中用來(lái)替代前面的“the + 名詞”的 that(單數(shù))和 those(

43、復(fù)數(shù))，在漢語(yǔ)中往往很可能漏掉。如：The population of China is much larger than (that) of Japan.These shirts are expensive, but (those) which we saw the other day were even more expensive. than any后往往容易缺other.如：Li Ping is cleve-rer tlian any (other) student in his class.(4) 缺一助動(dòng)詞或連系動(dòng)詞be表語(yǔ)不是名詞時(shí)，可能缺少連系動(dòng)詞be，因?yàn)闈h語(yǔ)在這種情況下不用

44、“是”。如：He(is)afraidofhisfather.Thematch(is)over.He (is) afraid of his father.The match (is) over. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中缺少助動(dòng)詞 be，成了主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如：He has (been) asked to sing in English. 完成體中缺少助動(dòng)詞 have，成了一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如：We realized that we (had) lost our way.They (have) lived here since 1980. 在倒裝句中缺少助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。如：Hardly (had) I reached

45、the bus stop when the bus started.Seldom (do) I get invited into the office alone.Only in this way (can) you learn English well.(5) 缺一冠詞 在 such 或 so + 形容詞與單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞連用時(shí)，不可缺 a (an)。如：He is such (an) honest boy that all of us like him.This is so good (a) book that I read it again. 表示“有些”時(shí)，little, few前面不可缺

46、少 a。如：Dont hurry. There is (a) little time left. many 前有 great, good 時(shí)，要加 a。如：(a) great many people.若 many 后接單數(shù)名詞，中間須有 a (an)。如：Many (a) man has tried it before. 一些不可數(shù)名詞前，有形容詞修飾表示“一種(場(chǎng))等”時(shí)，要加 a (an)。如：Its (a) famous Chinese tea.There was (a) heavy rain last night. 用專有名詞表示“一個(gè)像(叫)的人”時(shí)，用 a (an), 如：He w

47、ished to be (a) Lei Feng. (A) Mr Wang called you up just now.“形容詞比較級(jí) + of the two”前必須用 the。如：He is (the) better one of the two.(6)缺小品詞 to 不定式充當(dāng)各種成分，一般都不能缺少 to。如：She went there (to) see her mother.He asked me not (to) go there.I have something important (to) tell you.(from ) make, let, have, see, hea

48、r, notice, observe, watch 等動(dòng)詞變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的不定式前的 to需還原。如：She was made (to) do heavy work.The blind man was seen (to) cross the street.【配套練習(xí)】以下句中各有一處缺漏，請(qǐng)找出來(lái)。1. I feel lucky that Im so interested English.2. I wanted to apologize her for that, but my vanity prevented me.3. We need to deal problems li

49、ke pollution and climate change.4. Their familys income reached as much 100,000 yuan last year.5. He is busy every year that he never pays attention to his health.6. I had hardly got to the office my wife phoned me.7. Through these activities we can learn many things cannot be learned in class.8. I

50、found difficult to follow my teacher in the first English class.9. I find very convenient to go anywhere with a bike.10. We often think insects to harmful.11. Last summer, I invited to a summer camp in America.12. At the station, I told that an old lady had all her money stolen.13. In order to celeb

51、rate such important day with my parents, I wrote them a letter.14. My father said it was hermit crab.15. He prefers show his love in a silent way.16. We will go see th film Hero together in the afternoon.【參考答案】1. interest后加in。be interested in“對(duì)感興趣”是固定搭配2. apologize后加to?！跋蚰橙说狼浮庇胊pologize to sb3. deal

52、后加with。deal為不及物動(dòng)詞，后接賓語(yǔ)時(shí)與介詞with連用4. much后加as。as much as后跟具體數(shù)量，意為“.之多，多達(dá)”5. busy前加so。該句是sothat用法，引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句6. office后加when。Hardlywhen“剛就”是固定搭配7. think后加which/that。many things后的定從缺少指物且做主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞。8. found后加it。found的賓語(yǔ)是被后置了的不定式短語(yǔ)to follow my teacher，故found后需用it做形式賓語(yǔ)。9. find后加it。后面的不定式短語(yǔ)to go anywhere with a

53、bike是find真正的賓語(yǔ)，find后應(yīng)用it做形式賓語(yǔ)。10. to后加be。thinkto be“認(rèn)為是”是固定搭配11. invited前加was。主語(yǔ)I與謂語(yǔ)invite是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；由last summer可知，該被動(dòng)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，故用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。12. told前加was。I與tell是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示“被告知”，故用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；再根據(jù)從句時(shí)態(tài)判斷出加was。13. such后加an。此處表示“如此重要的一天”，可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)day前需加不定冠詞；important以元音音素開頭，故加an14. was后加a。hermit crab“寄居蟹”是可數(shù)名詞，此處泛指

54、“一只寄居蟹”，用不定冠詞a15. show前加to。Prefer to do sth.“更喜歡做某事”，不定式作賓語(yǔ)16. go后加to。Go to do sth.“去做某事”是固定搭配Part 2 分類解析1. 名詞一、考點(diǎn)規(guī)律分析短文改錯(cuò)的名詞考點(diǎn)主要涉及名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)問(wèn)題，即在該用復(fù)數(shù)的地方誤用其單數(shù)，或在該用單數(shù)的地方誤用其復(fù)數(shù)，關(guān)鍵是記住常用的不可數(shù)名詞和集體名詞以及復(fù)數(shù)形式表達(dá)不同意義的名詞。二、真題單句歸納（1） We stopped to rest for a while and to drink some waters from a stream. （waters 改為wat

55、er，因“水”為物質(zhì)名詞，不可數(shù)） （全國(guó)卷）（2） We climb everywhere， not only in America. We have been to Europe many time. （time改為 times，many times 意為“許多次”） （全國(guó)卷）（3） There are branch library in many villages. （library 改為 libraries，因其前的謂語(yǔ)are為復(fù)數(shù)） （全國(guó)卷）（4） I hope that you two could come and visit us some times soon. （time

56、s 改為 time，some time 意為“某時(shí)”） （全國(guó)卷）（5） Today I visited the Smiths my first time visit to an American family. （去掉time，因first 已含有“次”的意思） （全國(guó)卷）（6） They were eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of question. （question 改為 questions，因其前有表示復(fù)數(shù)意義的修飾語(yǔ) lots of） （全國(guó)卷）（7） We study quite a few sub

57、ject， such as maths， Chinese， English and physics. （subject 改為 subjects，因 a few 后應(yīng)接復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞） （全國(guó)卷）（8） and often watch football match on TV together. （match 改為 matches） （全國(guó)卷）（9） Happy birthday， Peter， and many happy return of the day！ （return改為 returns，many happy returns of the day！ 為祝賀生日的慣用表達(dá)） （北京春季卷）

58、（10） She said that she and my schoolmate all wished me success. （schoolmate 改為 schoolmates，因校友不只一個(gè)，另外根據(jù)其后的 all 也可推知） （全國(guó)卷）（11） I used to love science class all of them biology， chemistry， geography， physics. （class 改為 classes，指其后提到的所有課程） （北京春季卷）（12） They did not want me to do any work at family. （fa

59、mily 改為 home，因 at home 為固定短語(yǔ)） （全國(guó)卷）（13） so that Ill get good marks in all my subject. （subject 改為 subjects，請(qǐng)注意前面的 all） （全國(guó)卷）（14） On the way up I was busy taking picture since the scenery was so beautiful. （picture 改為 pictures，picture 作為可數(shù)名詞，其前應(yīng)有限定詞，或?yàn)閺?fù)數(shù)形式） （全國(guó)卷）（15） No one worries much about the rad

60、io program young people listen to. （program 改為 programs，從句意上看，此處應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)） （北京春季卷）（16） Their word were a great encouragement to me. （word 改為 words，注意其后的復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞） （全國(guó)卷）（17） You know， that was a dinner we had waited for several month.“（month 改為 months，因 several 后要用可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式） （江蘇卷）（18） but after class we become

61、 stranger at once.（stranger改為strangers，由本行前面的we可知應(yīng)該用名詞復(fù)數(shù)） （全國(guó)卷）w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m（19） You can find all kinds of information in just a few minute on the Internet. （minute改為minutes，因?yàn)閍 few后面的名詞一定是復(fù)數(shù)） （廣西卷）（20） Nowadays millions of people of all age take pleasure in a hobby（age改為ages，因談到不止一個(gè)人的年齡，age用復(fù)

62、數(shù)；of all ages指各個(gè)年齡階段的人 （浙江卷）（21） She was doing her homeworks one Sunday morning when （homeworks改為homework，因它是不可數(shù)名詞，沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式） （福建卷）（22） Without enough knowledges， you can never teach well. （knowledges改為knowledge，因 knowledge是不可數(shù)名詞，沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式） （湖北卷）（23）I stay here for one and a half hour and(hour 改為hours )（24）The second man pointed his glass and asked if the angel could cure his poor eyesight.(將glass改為glasses.此處指的是眼鏡）（25） Some of his friends go to see him every day ,who take him lots of good book and some fruit.(將book 改為books)（26） I would like to stay there for a month, visiting place of interest(