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1、Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the starsPeriod 3Learning about language: Grammar整體設計教材分析This is the third teaching period of this unit. To test whether students have grasped the important and difficult language points they learned in the last period, the teacher should first offer them some revisi
2、on exercises. Then lead in the new lesson.This teaching period mainly deals with the following: 1. Reviewing noun clauses as the object and as the predicative; 2. Learning the new grammar items: noun clauses as the subject. Students often feel noun clauses abstract and difficult to learn, so it is n
3、ecessary to make the lesson interesting and lively, and connect it with their daily life in order to let it easy to accept and understand. Firstly, the teacher can ask students to read the passage HOW LIFE BEGAN ON THE EARTH again, tick out all the sentences from the passage where noun clauses are u
4、sed as the subject, and then translate them into Chinese. Secondly, compare and discover the uses of each noun clause by giving a lot of example sentences. Thirdly, do the exercises in Discovering useful structures on Page 29 and more exercises for students to master the related noun clauses. Finall
5、y, summarize the use of noun clauses as the subject and let students make it clear how each noun clause is being used in the situations.At the end of the class, ask students to do the exercises in Using structures on Page 64 and more additional exercises for consolidation.教學重點Get students to underst
6、and and use noun clauses as the subject.教學難點Enable students to learn how to use noun clauses as the subject correctly.三維目標知識目標1. Get students to know more about noun clauses.2. Let students learn noun clauses as the subject.What it was to become was a mystery. . . . . it was not clear whether the so
7、lid shape was to last or not.能力目標Enable students to use noun clauses as the subject correctly and properly according to the context.情感目標1. Get students to become interested in grammar learning.2. Develop students sense of group cooperation.教學過程設計方案（一）Step 1 Revision1. Check the homework exercises.2.
8、 Dictate some new words and expressions.3. Translate the following sentences.1) 你早晚會來的。2) 我的車與你的不一樣。3) 他總是第一個來, 最后一個走。4) 他來不來還不清楚。5) 我們的成敗取決于是否每個人都努力工作。6) 我們必須采取措施防止這種疾病的蔓延。Suggested answers:1) You will come here in time.2) My car is different from yours.3) He is always the first to come and the las
9、t to go.4) It is not clear whether he comes or not.5) Our success depends on whether everyone works hard or not.6) We must take actions to prevent this disease (from) spreading.Step 2 PreparationShow some sentences on the screen. Ask students to read each of them and then find out its subject.A tree
10、 has fallen across the road.You are a student.To find your way can be a problem.Smoking is bad for you.“How do you do? ” is a greeting.What she said is not yet known.That we shall be late is certain.Its certain that we shall be late.Step 3 Grammar learning1. Reading and discoveringAsk students to tu
11、rn back to Page 25 to read through the reading passage and find all the sentences where noun clauses are used as the subject and underline them. Then translate them into Chinese.Suggested answers:1) What it was to become was uncertain until between 4. 5 and 3. 8 billion years ago when the dust settl
12、ed into a solid globe.地球會變成什么（樣子）, 直到45億至38億年前這個云團變成一個固體的球狀物, 才確定下來。2) The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.地球變得激烈動蕩, 不知道這個固體形狀是否會繼續(xù)存在下去。3) What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface.更重要的是, 隨著地球的
13、冷卻, 地球的表面就開始出現(xiàn)了水。4) It was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development of life.水對于生命的發(fā)展會起關鍵作用, 這一點在當時并不明顯。5) What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.很多科學家相信, 由于
14、地球上長期有水存在, 使地球得以把有害氣體和酸性物質溶解在海洋里。6) Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery.為什么他們突然消失了, 至今還是個謎。7) So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.所以, 在未來的數(shù)百萬年中, 生命能否在地球上延續(xù)取決于這個問題能否得到解決。2. Thinking and discussing
15、Let students read aloud the sentences they picked out, think over and discuss with a partner how each of these noun clauses is being used in the situations. If students have some difficulty, give them a hand.3. Summing up: noun clauses as the subject.主語從句作主語用的名詞性從句, 因其在復合句中作主語, 又稱主語從句。（1）連接詞:1) 從屬連詞
16、 that, whether等。that 引導主語從句只起引導作用, 本身無實際意義, 在主語從句中不充當任何成分, 但不能省略。That she left him cut him to the heart.她的離開使他很傷心。由whether引導的主語從句放在句首、句末都可。Whether it will please them is not easy to say. /It is not easy to say whether it will please them.很難說這會不會使他們高興。2) 連接代詞 who, what, which, whoever, whatever, whic
17、hever等。What seems easy to some people seems difficult to others.對某些人看來很容易的事, 對另外一些人可能很困難。3) 連接副詞 when, where, how, why等。Why he did it remains a mystery.他為什么做那件事依然是個謎。（2）位置主語從句可以前置, 也可以后置。用it作形式主語, 而把主語從句放在句末, 常用下面幾種句型:1) It+be+表語+主語從句It is still uncertain whether he is coming or not.他是不是來還沒有確定。2) It
18、+不及物動詞+主語從句It happens that they were absent.他們碰巧缺席了。3) It+及物動詞（被動語態(tài)）+主語從句It has been decided that the exhibition will not open on Sundays.現(xiàn)經(jīng)決定展覽會星期日不開放。注意:1) 主語從句在句首時, 必須由連接詞引導, 不能省略這些連接詞; 但是如果用it作形式主語, 而把主語從句放在句末時, 從屬連詞that可以省略。他們相互喜愛是很自然的。誤: They should like each other is natural.正: That they shou
19、ld like each other is natural.正: It is natural (that) they should like each other.2) 如果主語從句放在句首, 不能用if引導; 但是如果用it 作形式主語, 而把主語從句放在句末時, 也可以用if引導。瑪麗是不是真聽見他了, 很值得懷疑。誤: If Mary really heard him is really doubtful.正: Whether Mary really heard him is really doubtful.正: It was doubtful whether/if Mary reall
20、y heard him.Step 4 Grammar practice1. Turn to Page 29. Ask students to do Exercise 2 and Exercise 3 in Discovering useful structures. First let them finish them individually. Then check the answers with the whole class. Give some explanations if necessary.2. Turn to Page 64. Ask students to do Exerc
21、ise 1 and Exercise 2. Check the answers after most of them finish.Step 5 DiscussionLet students have a discussion in groups. The topic is “My problem”. One talks about the problems in his study or life. The others should give some advice or suggestions. Remind students to use the following structure
22、s: (Show the following on the screen to help students. )The fact is/It is a fact that. . .The difficulty is. . . /What I find difficult is. . .The trouble is. . . /What worries me is. . .My suggestion is. . . /What I would suggest is. . .My advice is. . . /What I would advise is. . .I think that. .
23、. /What I think is. . .I want to tell you that. . . /What I want to say is. . .Step 6 Closing down by a quizShow the following exercises on the screen. Let students finish them within three minutes. Three minutes later, check the answers with the whole class.1. I have always been honest and straight
24、forward, and it doesnt matter _ that Im talking to.A. who is itB. who it isC. it is whoD. it is whom 2. It is pretty well understood _ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today.A. thatB. whenC. whatD. how3. _ made the school proud was _ more than 90 of students had been adm
25、itted to key universities.A. What; becauseB. What; thatC. That; whatD. That; because4. _ team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championship.A. No matter whatB. No matter whichC. WhateverD. Whichever5. _ is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more pros
26、perous economy.A. AsB. ThatC. ThisD. It6. _ I cant understand is _ he changed his mind.A. That; thatB. What; whyC. Which; howD. That; whySuggested answers: BCBDDBStep 7 Homework1. Finish off the workbook exercises.2. Preview the reading passage A VISIT TO THE MOON on Page 30, find the sentences in w
27、hich noun clauses are used, and see if you can understand them.設計方案（二）Step 1 Revision1. Check the homework exercises.2. Translate the following into English.1) 太陽系2) 及時; 終于3) 下蛋4) 產(chǎn)生; 分娩5) 輪到某人; 接著6) 總有一天我會遇見他。 7) 都市生活與鄉(xiāng)村生活是非常不同的。8) 他們不應該允許在這條街上停車, 街道太窄了。9) 他的心臟病痛沒能阻止他第二天去上課。10) 在未來的數(shù)百萬年中, 生命能否在地球上延
28、續(xù)取決于這個問題能否得到解決。Suggested answers:1) solar system2) in time3) lay eggs4) give birth to5) in ones turn6) Ill see him in time.7) City life is quite different from country life.8) They shouldnt allow parking in this street. Its too narrow.9) His heart trouble did not prevent him (from) going to class th
29、e next day.10) Whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.Step 2 Warming up by a gameLet students work in pairs. One talks about the problems in his study or life. The other should give some advice or suggestions. Encourage
30、 them to use what-clauses as the subject.Example: S1: What I find difficult is. . . /What worries me is. . .S2: What I would suggest is. . . /What I would advise is. . .Step 3 Discovering useful structuresAsk students to find out the sentences containing noun clauses as the subject in the reading pa
31、ssage and underline them. Then translate them into Chinese. Step 4 Learning the use of noun clauses as the subject1. Ask students to turn to Page 92 and learn part 3 The Subject Clause by themselves.2. Encourage them to ask as many questions as possible. Give them explanations if necessary.3. Let th
32、em do some additional exercises.4. Sum up.Step 5 PracticeAsk students to finish the following exercises within 10 minutes. Then check the answers with the whole class.1. Exercises 2 and 3 in Discovering useful structures on Page 13.2. Exercise 1 in Using structures on Page 64.Step 6 ConsolidationLet
33、 students work in pairs to make sentences with noun clauses as the subject to fill in the blanks.1. What _is astronomy.2. When _hasnt been decoded yet.3. Whether _depends on your behavior.4. How _ is a personal decision.5. Why _ a puzzle to us.6. Its funny that _.7. It worries us that _.8. It appear
34、s that _ .Step 7 Homework1. Finish off the Workbook exercises.2. Make use of different learning resources to have an inquiry study of the subject clause, and summarize the rules of it.板書設計Unit 4Astronomy: the science of the starsGrammar: noun clauses as the subject連接詞例句從屬連詞: that, whetherThat she le
35、ft him cut him to the heart.Whether it will please them is not easy to say.連接代詞: who, what, which, whoever, whatever, whicheverWhat seems easy to some people seems difficult to others.連接副詞: when, where, how, whyWhy he did it remains a mystery.it作形式主語It+be+表語+主語從句It is still uncertain whether he is c
36、oming or not.It+不及物動詞+主語從句It happens that they were absent.It+及物動詞（被動語態(tài)）+主語從句It has been decided that the exhibition will not open on Sundays.活動與探究Suppose you are to design an activity for your school on Earth Day, which is intended to call on teachers and students to protect the earth. Work in groups and choose a reporter of your group to report your work. The following points should be included in the report of your activity:what the activity is about;why the activity is designed;when and where to do the activity;who takes part in the activity;what to be done in the activity.7
必修三Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars Period 3 Learning about language Grammar
