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1、初中英語語法梳理和提高動 詞 的 語 態(tài)知識梳理：提綱挈領(lǐng)，抓住重點和難點！英語動詞有兩種語態(tài)，即主動語態(tài)（The Active Voice）和被動語態(tài)（The Passive Voice）。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者，例如：Many people speak English . (主動語態(tài))English is spoken by many people. (被動語態(tài))1、被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)由“助動詞be +及物動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。助動詞be 有人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)的變化，其變化規(guī)則與be作為連系動詞時完全一樣。被動語態(tài)的肯定式、否定式及疑問式列表如下：
2、肯 定 句： 主語+ be+ 過去分詞 +（by） eg. He is often asked to do this work (by his boss).否 定 句：主語+ be not +過去分詞 +（by） eg. I am not invited to the party (by him).一般疑問句：Be + 主語+過去分詞+ （by）？ eg. Are your clothes washed by yourself?特殊疑問句：疑問詞+ be+主語 +過去分詞+ （by）？ eg. What is this sweater made of?現(xiàn)以動詞give為例，其被動語態(tài)的各種時態(tài)
3、如下： 式 時一 般進 行完 成現(xiàn)在Am / is /are + givenAm/is/are +being + givenHave / has +been +given過去Was / were + givenWas / were + being + givenHad +been + given將來Shall/ will + givenShall / will +be + givenShould /would + be + given 含情態(tài)詞的Can / may /must +be +given3、被動語態(tài)的用法： 1）當我們不知道誰是動作的執(zhí)行者，或者沒有必要指出誰是動作的執(zhí)行者時，或者只
4、需強調(diào)動作的承受者時，要用被動語態(tài)。 例如： This jacket is made of cotton. English is spoken in many countries in the world.1） 強調(diào)動作的承受者時。如：The boy was saved at last.這個男孩最后得救了。2） 主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的步驟:主動句: The boy broke the window yesterday. 被動句: The window was broken by the boy yesterday.步驟一：原句中的賓語the window變成主語。步驟二：謂語動詞broke改為被
5、動形式：was broken步驟三：原句中的主語The boy放在介詞by的后面。步驟四：其他成分如：yesterday不變。5) 有兩個賓語的句子的被動語態(tài)：A. 可有兩種被動語態(tài)的常用動詞有：buy，give，leave，lend，offer，pay，teach，tell，show，等。1. He gave me the book just now. The book was given to me( by him) just now. = I was given the book (by him) just now.2. They show the guard their passpor
6、ts at the entrance to the building. The passports were shown to the guard by them at the entrance to the building.= The guard was shown the passports by them at the entrance to the building.B. 通常用直接賓語作被動語態(tài)主語的一些動詞有: bring，do，make，pass，sell，send，sing，write，等。1. He wrote her a letter. A letter was writ
7、ten to her.My mother made me a skirt.A skirt was made (for me) by my mother.練習(xí)與鞏固：熟能生巧，取得好成績！一、選擇填空1.The question _by us soon. A.is going to discussB.will discussC.is going to be discussed D.has been discussed2.The old man was quite weak after the accident, so he_.A.must look after B.must be taken c
8、are C.must be looked after D.must take care of 3. All the new words _up in the dictionary yet.A.have looked B.havent looked C.have been lookedD.havent been looked4.There was no room for you. All the seats _.A. are taken B.was taken C.had taken D.had been taken 5. A model ship _his son by Mr More.A.w
9、as made for B.was made to C.made for D.makes for6.-Dad, please open the door, it _.-OK, dear. I am coming. A.was locked B.locks C.is locked D.locked7. This kind of sweater_very soft.A.is felt B.feels C.feel D.is feeling8.-Have all the students known that our class will visit the factory this afterno
10、on?-Yes. Every student_about it.A.told B.has told C.was told D.tells9.The cake _delicious.A.smell B.is smelled C.is smelling D.smells10.My father has given up smoking since he _on.A.will operate B.will be operated C.operated D.was operated 11.A new school _ these days.A. is building B. is builtC. we
11、ll build D. is being built 12. The cake _delicious. A. smell B. is smelled C. is smelling D. smells13.I_there would be a football match on Channel 8 tomato A. will tell B. have told C. was told D. will be told14.The librarian told me that the book_for two weeks. A. can be borrowed B. can be kept C.
12、could be borrowed D. could be kept15.When_this kind of computer _?is; used B. was; used C. did; use D. are; used16.The new computers_to the village school as present last month.are given B. given C. were given D. gave17.I really dont know_about it.A.what to do B.how to do C. to do what D. how can I
13、do18.Your shoes_. Youd better come to get them in half an hour.are mending B. have mended C. are being mended D. have been mended19.Though he had often made his little sister_,today he was made_by her.A.cry; to cry B.crying; crying C. cry; cry D.to cry; cry20.When_the accident_?A.was; happened B.has
14、; happened C.was happebeing D.did; happenKey: 1-5 CCDDA 6-10 CBCDD 11-15 BDCDB 16-20 CACAD二、用所給動詞的正確形式填空。Some ideas _(give) to college students by him yesterday.-Do you like the music “Moonlight”?-Yes, it _really beautiful!(sound)He wont come to the party unless Sue _.(invite)The chair needs_.(repai
15、r)“Quick” is another way of _“fast”.(say)This kind of bike _in that factory, but you cant buy it now.(make)Cotton _in the country.(plant)Man-made satellites _by Chinese people.(send)This kinds of shoes _out by now.(sell)The room must _ clean every day.(keep)Key: 1.were given2.sounds 3.is invited 4.r
16、epairing/ to be repaired 5.saying 6.is made 7.is planted8.have been sent 9.have been sold 10.be kept動 詞 不 定 式不定式：to + 動詞原形知識梳理：提綱挈領(lǐng)，抓住重點和難點！動詞不定式的基本形式是“to + 動詞原形”，有時可以不帶to。動詞不定式（或不定式短語）沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，在句子中不能作謂語。動詞不定式仍可保留動詞的特點，即可以有自己的賓語和狀語。動詞不定式同它的賓語或狀語構(gòu)成不定式短語。如：to read the newspaper, to speak at the meeti
17、ng 等動詞不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征，因此在句子中可以作主語、表語、賓語、賓語補足語、定語和狀語： 句法作用 例 句 作賓語She wanted to borrowed my radio.They began to read and write. 作狀語She went to see her grandma last Sunday .He came to give us a talk yesterday.作賓語補足語Lucy asked him to turn off the radio.She asked me to speak more loudlyJim told Ling F
18、eng to go home at once .The father made his son study hard. 作定語Have you got anything to say?I had something to eat this morning .作主語To learn a foreign language is not easy.注：作主語用的動詞不定式常常為it替代，動詞不定式（或短語）放在后面。例如： It is not easy to learn a foreign language. It took us three days to do the work.動詞不定式的否定
19、形式由“not+動詞不定式”構(gòu)成. 如:Tell him not to be late.The policeman told the boys not to play in the street.4) 不定式省去to的情況: 在感官動詞see，watch，look at，hear， listen to，feel和使役動詞make，have，let等所接的賓語中（不定式做賓語不足語），不定式應(yīng)省去to。但是在被動語態(tài)中不能省。如：Let me listen to you sing the song.He watched his son play computer games.I saw him
20、run away.-He was seen to run away.The boss make the workers work the whole night.-The workers were made to work the whole night.5) 動詞不定式和疑問詞連用 動詞不定式可以和疑問詞what ,which, how, where, when 等連用，構(gòu)成不定式短語。如： The question is when to start. I dont know where to go . He showed me how to use a computer. What to
21、do is a big problem.例題解析：舉一反三，學(xué)的更輕松！翻譯下列句子，說出句中不定式的作用：1. To grow plants is very important.2. It is so nice to hear your voice.3. My dream is to be a pilot.4. He began to read and write at the age of five.5. The teacher asked me to speak more loudly.6. Tom came to see me last night.7. I am glad to se
22、e you.8.Have you got anything to say?9.There are many places to see in China.10.I asked him not to open the window.11. I dont know what to buy for you.12. I saw him dance.13. He often helps me clean the room.14. They are too shy to speak English.15. He was lucky enough to find his watch.16. I want y
23、ou to go there together with me.解析：1、To grow plants做主語；2、to hear your voice做主語；3、to be a pilot作表語；4、to read and write作賓語；5、to speak more loudly作賓語補足語；6、to see me作狀語；7、to see you作狀語；8、to say作定語；9、to see作定語；10、not to open the window作賓語補足語；11、what to buy作賓語；12、dance作賓語補足語（省略to）；13、clean the room作賓語補足語（
24、省略to）；14、to speak English作狀語；15、to find his watch作狀語；16、to go there together with me作賓語補足語。練習(xí)與鞏固：熟能生巧，取得好成績！選擇最佳答案填空：1. Tell him _ the light. A. to turn B. not to turn on C. to not turn D. not to turn2. It took us more than two hours _ the dinner. A. prepare B. preparing C. to prepare D. to be prepa
25、red3. We felt the earth _. A. move B. moveing C. to move D. be moved4. The students were made _ the text ten times. A. read B. reading C. to read D. to be read5. The chair looks rather hard _, but in fact it is very comfortable. A. to sit B. to sit on C. sitting D. sit6. Nobody knows _next. A. what
26、to do B. to do what C. which to do D. how to do7. It is very important _ us _these words. A. to, to remember B. for, to remember C. for, remember D. for, remembering8. _ English well, one must have a lot practice. A. For speaking B. Speaking C. To speak D. Speak9. Im going to the library _ the books
27、. A. return B. borrow C. to return D. to lend10. We went to town _ some shopping. A. doing B. did C. to make D. to do11. The funny story _ me laugh. A. make B. making C. to make D. made12. After the final exam, I think all the students want _. A. stop to have a rest B. to stop having a rest C. to st
28、op to have a rest D. stopping to have a rest13. It is very kind _ you to help me with my housework. It is hard _me to do all the work. A. of, for B. for, of C. of, to D. to, for14. Many people think it very difficult _ English. A. to say B. to learn C. speak D. for speaking15. The teacher asked the
29、students _ her _ the word again. A. listen to; to read B. to hear; say C. to listen to; speak D. to listen to; pronounce16.Remember _ the book here tomorrow. A. bring B. to bring C. take D. to take17. -Lets have a rest, shall we? - Not now. I dont want to stop _ the letter yet. A. write B. to write
30、C. writing D. and write18. -This physics problem is too difficult. Can you show me _, Wang Lin? - Sure. A. what to work it out B. what to work out it C. how to work it out D. how to work out it19.- How can I improve my spoken English? - You have to practise _ as much as you can. A. speak B. speaking C. spoken D. to speak20. - How about going hiking this weekend? - Sorry. I prefer _ rather than _. A. to stay at home, go out B. to go out, stay at home C. staying at home, go out D. going out, stay at home 1-5 BBACB 6-10 ABCCD 11-15 DCABD 16-20 BCCBA8
初中英語 語法梳理及練習(xí) 動詞的語態(tài)
