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1、2013高考英語(yǔ)二輪專題思路點(diǎn)撥及增分訓(xùn)練閱讀理解07【考點(diǎn)定位】 2013考綱解讀和近幾年考點(diǎn)分布 高考對(duì)說(shuō)明文的考查多為科普說(shuō)明文，它是閱讀理解重要內(nèi)容，也是高考考查難點(diǎn)?？破疹悺伴喿x理解”題愈來(lái)愈受到命題者的青睞而科普類文章往往具有跨學(xué)科行文邏輯性強(qiáng)等特點(diǎn),要求考生能從文章的整體邏輯以及重要細(xì)節(jié)上全面把握【試題特點(diǎn)】 注重學(xué)科滲透,行文邏輯性強(qiáng),內(nèi)容抽象 貼近學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)生活實(shí)際,有利于激發(fā)學(xué)生的思維,對(duì)選拔優(yōu)秀考生有一定的作用 能全面地考查學(xué)生的綜合閱讀能力和運(yùn)用所學(xué)知識(shí)去分析解決實(shí)際問(wèn)題的能力(4)科學(xué)方法圖示判斷題 科普說(shuō)明文常出現(xiàn)科學(xué)方法圖示判斷題，這種試題或以生物依賴關(guān)系為命題題
2、點(diǎn)，要求考生判斷正確的生物依賴關(guān)系；或以工藝流程為命題題點(diǎn)，要求考生判斷正確的流程順序，或以生產(chǎn)方法為命題題點(diǎn)，要求考生判斷正確的生產(chǎn)方法；或以機(jī)械配制為命題題點(diǎn)，要求考生判斷正確的機(jī)械配制。解題時(shí)一定要認(rèn)真閱讀分析原文對(duì)生物依賴關(guān)系、發(fā)明創(chuàng)造誕生過(guò)程和工藝流程過(guò)程的介紹，并且邊讀邊畫簡(jiǎn)易草圖，以提高理解準(zhǔn)確率。分析備選項(xiàng)時(shí)應(yīng)對(duì)照原文介紹情況，找出各圖不同之處，以便最終做出正確判斷?！究键c(diǎn)pk】 名師考點(diǎn)透析考點(diǎn)一、細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)理解。一篇文章必然是由許多具體的細(xì)節(jié)、具體的內(nèi)容構(gòu)成的，所有這些信息以某種順序（時(shí)間、空間、情感變化等）排列起來(lái)，來(lái)進(jìn)一步解釋或闡釋主題，體現(xiàn)文章的主旨大意。細(xì)節(jié)理解題目主
3、要考查學(xué)生對(duì)文章具體事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)的理解能力，屬于表層理解題范疇，難度較小，但在整個(gè)閱讀理解題中所占比例最大，細(xì)節(jié)理解題多從文章的某個(gè)具體事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)出發(fā)來(lái)設(shè)計(jì)題目。此類題通常根據(jù)文章具體內(nèi)容來(lái)設(shè)問(wèn)，也常使用下列方式來(lái)提問(wèn)1.Which of the following statements is(not) true/correct?2.Which of the following is not mentioned?3.All of the following are true except.4.According to the passage,when/where/why/how/how/what
4、/which,etc.？1.直接事實(shí)題 在解答這類問(wèn)題時(shí)要求學(xué)生抓住題干文字信息，采用針對(duì)性方法進(jìn)行閱讀，因?yàn)檫@類題的答案在文章中可以直接找到。 如：A giant dam was built many years ago to control the Colorado River in the U.S.This dam was built to protect the land and houses around the river.This huge dam is in the Black Canyon.It is possible to drive a car from one side
5、 of the river to the other on a road，which is on the top of the dam.This dam is so big that there is an elevator inside.The elevator goes down forty-four stories from the road to the bottom.There is enough concrete in this dam to build a highway from New York to San Francisco.Thousands of people wor
6、ked on this dam for five years.This huge dam was called Boulder Dam when it was finished in 1936.Later it was renamed Hoover Dam in honor of a president of the United States.Hoover Dam，one of the highest dams in the world，is situated between the states of Arizona and Nevada.Q：Hoover Dam lies_ .A.bet
7、ween Arizona and NevadaB.in the Black CanyonC.between New York and San FranciscoD.both A and B【解析】由第二段的第一句話和最后一段的最后一句話可得出正確答案是D項(xiàng)。2.間接事實(shí)題 解答此類題，需要結(jié)合上下文提供的語(yǔ)境和信息進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單的概括和判斷或者要進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單的計(jì)算。Invited by Mr.Ye Huixian，host of the well-received TV programme“Stars Tonight”，Miss Luo Lin，Miss Asia of 1991，appeared as
8、 the guest hostess on the Shanghai TV screen last Sunday.Born in Shanghai and taken to Hongkong when she was only six years old，Luo Lin has never dreamed of being Miss Asia.Her childhood dream was to be an air hostess.Before she took part in the competition，she had been an airhostess in Cathay Airli
9、ne for seven years.However， it still took her three months to learn the art of walking on the stage，dancing,singing,making-up and other proper manners，designed by the Asia TV Station.“Its really a hard job for me.I wont enter for such competition any more.Anyhow，I am quite lucky.I am also glad to ha
10、ve had more chance to work for the social welfare since I won the title.This time，in Shanghai，Id love to make a deep impression on my TV audience，”said Luo Lin with a sweet smile.Q：Which of the following is NOT true?A.Luo Lin is a native of Shanghai.B.Luo Lin moved to Hongkong with her parents.C.Luo
11、 Lin won the title of Miss Asia in 1991.D.Asia TV Station helped Luo Lin to become Miss Asia.【解析】A、C和D項(xiàng)都可在原文找到答案，而B項(xiàng)原文所給的是：taken to Hongkong可判斷不是moved to Hongkong with her parents，因此選B。 3、數(shù)據(jù)推算。If you register both the VIEW qualification course and the Forum at the same time,you will save_ .二、此類題的設(shè)問(wèn)方
12、式1.What would be the best title for the text?2.What does the second paragraph mainly discuss?3.What is the passage mainly about?4.The main purpose of announcing the above events is_.考點(diǎn)三、推理推斷。推理題要求考生根據(jù)文章提供的事實(shí)和線索進(jìn)行邏輯推理，推斷出作者沒有提到或者沒有明說(shuō)的事實(shí)或者可能發(fā)生的事實(shí)。這類題旨在考查學(xué)生透過(guò)詞語(yǔ)的字面意義去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力，屬于深層理解題。此類題的設(shè)問(wèn)常常包括
13、infer,imply,suggest,conclude 等詞，這類題的設(shè)問(wèn)方式主要有：1.We can infer from the Passage that_.2.What can be inferred from the Passage?3.Which of the following can be inferred from the Passage?4.It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that_.5.The author suggests in this paragraph that_.6.The writer implies that_.7.I
14、t can be inferred that_.8.It can be concluded from the Passage that_.9.On the whole,we can conclude that_.10.From the text we can conclude that_.11.After reading the Passage we may conclude that_.12.What conclusion can be drawn from the Passage?13.The author is inclined to think that_.14.When the wr
15、iter talks about,what he really means is that_.15.Whats the writers attitude/feeling towards.?16.In the writers opinion,.考點(diǎn)四、詞義、句義猜測(cè)。詞義猜測(cè)閱讀理解題考查對(duì)文中關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)的理解。在閱讀理解題中，所考查的詞或短語(yǔ)的意義往往不停留在字面上，要根據(jù)語(yǔ)境來(lái)判斷。此類題的設(shè)問(wèn)方式主要有1.The word “.”in Line.means/can be replaced by.2.As used in the passage,the phrase “.”suggests.3
16、.From the passage,we can infer that the word/phrase “.” is/referred to.4.The word “.” is closest in meaning to.猜詞是應(yīng)用英語(yǔ)的重要能力，也是高考中常用的題型。它不但需要準(zhǔn)確無(wú)誤地理解上下文，而且要有較大的泛讀量，掌握或認(rèn)識(shí)較多的課外詞匯。我們要學(xué)會(huì)“順藤摸瓜”，通過(guò)構(gòu)詞、語(yǔ)法、定義、同位、對(duì)比、因果、常識(shí)、上下文等線索確定詞義。1.定義法。如:Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then lettin
17、g it cool very slowly.句子給予annealing 以明確的定義，即 “退火”。It will be very hard but also very brittlethat is,it will break easily.從后面的解釋中我們可以了解到brittle 是“脆”的意思。The herdsman,who looks after sheep，earns about 650 yuan a year.定語(yǔ)從句中 looks after sheep 就表明了 herdsman 的詞義為“牧人”。2.同位法。如:They traveled a long way and at
18、 last got to a castle,a large building in old times.同位語(yǔ)部分a large building in old times 給出了 castle 的確切詞義，即“城堡”。We are on the night shiftfrom midnight to 8 a.m.this week.兩個(gè)破折號(hào)之間的短語(yǔ)很清楚地表明night shift 是“夜班”的意思。3.對(duì)比法。如:She is usually prompt for all her class,but today she arrived in the middle of her firs
19、t class.but一詞表轉(zhuǎn)折，因此but 前后的意思正相反。后半句的意思是“她今天第一節(jié)上了一半才來(lái)”，因此反向推理，可得出她平時(shí)一向“準(zhǔn)時(shí)”的結(jié)論。4.構(gòu)詞法(前綴、后綴、復(fù)合、派生等)。如:Perhaps,we can see some possibilities for next fifty years.But the next hundred?possibility 是 possible 的同根名詞,據(jù)此可以判斷定 possibility 意思是“可能性”。5.因果法。如：The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken.Somet
20、imes the weakness was permanent.So the player could never play the sport again.從后面的結(jié)果“永遠(yuǎn)不能再運(yùn)動(dòng)”中，可以推測(cè) permanent 的意思為“永遠(yuǎn)的，永久”。It happened to me recently that I was telling someone how much I had enjoyed reading Barack Obamas Dreams From My Father and how it had changed my views of the current US Presi
21、dent The person I was talking to agreed with me that it was, in his words,“a wonderfully written book ”However, he then proceeded to talk about Mr Obama in a way that suggested he had no idea of his background at all I sensed that I was talking to a book liarAnd it seems that he is not the only one
22、Clearly two thirds of people have lied about reading a book which they havent In The World Book Day survey, Dreams From My Father is at number 9 The survey lists top ten books, and various authors, which people have lied about reading As Im not one to lie too often, Ill admit here and now that I hav
23、ent read the entire ten books But I am pleased to say that I have read the book at number one, George Orwells 1984 I think its absolutely outstandingAsked why they lied, the most common reason was to impress someone they were speaking to This could be difficult if the conversation became more in-dep
24、th !The World Book Day survey also has some other interesting information in it It shows that many people lie about having read classical works by Jane Austen, the Bronte sisters, Charles Dickens and so on. But when asked which authors they actually enjoy, they named JK Rowling, Jilly Cooper, and St
25、ephen King (ah, the big sellers, in other words) Forty-one percent of people asked admitted they turned to the back of the book to read the end before finishing the storySo which books have you lied about readingif anyand which is your favourite?56The main reason why people lie about reading is to A
26、make fun of the listener Bimpress the listenerCplease the listener Dinterest the listener57The underlined word“proceeded”in the passage probably means“ ”Awanted Bhappened Ccontinued Dstopped58What does The World Book Day survey show?ANearly half of the people surveryed didnt read through a whole cla
27、ssical bookBPeople dont like Dreams From My Father and George Orwells 1984CFew people lie about having read classical works by Jane AustenDPeople usually enjoy reading books by Charles Dickens59What is the best title for the passage?AAre You A Book Liar? BReaders Are All LiarsCWorld Book Day DDreams From My Father, 5659、 BCAA
2013年高考英語(yǔ)二輪專題思路點(diǎn)撥及增分訓(xùn)練 閱讀理解7
