一般過去時、現(xiàn)在完成時與一般現(xiàn)在時的區(qū)別.ppt

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1、,現(xiàn)在完成時與 一般過去時 、 一般現(xiàn)在時 的區(qū)別,（一）一般過去時態(tài)、現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)、一般現(xiàn)在時的概念,一般過去時表示在過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，也表示過去經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動作，常與yesterday、 yesterday afternoon、 the day before yesterday 、last year、in 1965、 a moment ago 、 just now 等表示過去的具體的時間狀語連用。 例如：,He came here yesterday.,,現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去的動作（或狀態(tài)）對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響和結(jié)果常與ever， never， before , twi

2、ce, already ,just， yet， so far， since, for ， up to now， in past years 等，皆不確定或模糊的時間狀語連用。 例如He has just broken his bottle.,一般現(xiàn)在時表示經(jīng)常性，習(xí)慣性的動作或存在的狀態(tài). 通常與副詞sometimes, often, usually, always, every day (year, month ), once (twice, three times) a day,等時間狀語連用。They usually go to school by bike.I take the med

3、icine three times a day.She helps her mother once a week.He often watches Tv. Mary likes reading interesting stories Marys father is a policeman.There are 50 students in my class.,(二）一般過去時態(tài)、現(xiàn)在完成時和 一般現(xiàn)在時的區(qū)別,）現(xiàn)在完成時是表示過去的動作與現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)系，主要說明的是現(xiàn)在的情況和狀態(tài)；而一般過去時則強(qiáng)調(diào)動作發(fā)生在過去某一時間，與現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生聯(lián)系。一般現(xiàn)在時表示經(jīng)常性，習(xí)慣性的動作或存在的狀態(tài).

4、與過去沒有關(guān)系。 例如：,We havent seen him since last year. 我們自從去年以來一直未見到他（現(xiàn)在還未見到）,We didnt see him last year. 我們?nèi)ツ隂]見到他.（現(xiàn)在不一定未見到）,I often see him.(現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常見到),）現(xiàn)在完成時表示從過去發(fā)生一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（包括現(xiàn)在）的某個動作或狀態(tài)，與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)的時間狀語連用，一般過去時表示過去某一特定（與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)）的時間，與具體的表示過去的時間狀語連用。例如：,He has lived here since he was born. 自他出生以來一直居住在這兒。（since 自從以來，

5、與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)，說明他還居住在這兒。）,Liu Mei went to see her grandmother last night . 劉梅昨晚去看了他外婆。（只說明昨晚）,例如：We are good friends(現(xiàn)在情況) 我們是好朋友。 I got to know him in 2005. (過去的動作) 我在2005年認(rèn)識（結(jié)識）他 We have known each other since 2005. (現(xiàn)在完成時把過去的動作和現(xiàn)在聯(lián)系起來并著眼于現(xiàn)在) 自從2005年來我們就相互認(rèn)識。,（三）值得注意幾個問題,）動作發(fā)生在過去，一直持續(xù)到說話的時候，并且還在延

6、續(xù)時，要用現(xiàn)在完成時。例如：,We have studied English for two years. 我們學(xué)英語兩年了,）指過去的經(jīng)歷，但沒有表示過去的時間狀語，要用現(xiàn)在完成時。例如：,I have been to Shanghai twice . 我曾去過上海兩次,）句子中如有過去時的時間副詞（如yesterday ,last week, in 1960）時,不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時，要用過去時。 Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.,4）以When開頭的特殊疑問句，要用一般過去時。例如：When did you lose your pe

7、n? 你什么時候丟了鋼筆？,5）just (剛剛）與現(xiàn)在完成時連用，just now (剛才）與一般過去時連用。例如：,The train has just gone. 火車剛剛離開。 The train left here just now. 火車是剛才離開。,6）since 作介詞，后面跟時間名詞一起作狀語時，句子要用現(xiàn)在完成時；since 作連詞，引導(dǎo)狀語從句時，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時，從句用一般過去時。,7）so far，in the last / past 與現(xiàn)在完成時連用。例如 ：,So far，many countries have sent up satellites into s

8、pace. In the last 30 years， our lives have changed a lot.,He has worked in this factory since 1996. I have known him since he was a child.,(四） 現(xiàn)在完成時應(yīng)注意的四個區(qū)別,1）延續(xù)性動詞與短暫性動詞的區(qū)別。,2）since 和 for 的區(qū)別。,3）have / has gone to； have / has been to；have / has been in 的區(qū)別。,4) already和yet 的區(qū)別

9、,A、leave been away from buyhave borrowkeep diebe dead get upbe up turn onbe on come / get backbe back go to townbe in town finishbe over catch a coldhave a cold closebe closed / not open openbe open fall ill / asleep be ill / asleep begin /startbe on get /receive a letter from

10、have a letter from B、come to be here / there arrive in （at）/ get to / reachbe here / there join the Army-------be in the Army/ be a soldier join the League-----be in the League / be a league member,（五）延續(xù)性動詞和短暫性動詞轉(zhuǎn)換歸納,He died 10 years ago. --- He ____ ____ ____ for 10 years / since 10 years ago.

11、2. He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. --- He ____ ____ the book for 2 weeks. 3. He bought the motorbike a month ago. ---He ____ ____ the motorbike for a month. 4. He arrived here three days ago. --- He ____ ____ here since three days ago. 5. They turned on the light 2 hours ago. --- The light ___

12、_ ____ ____ for 2 hours. 6. He left here 2 years ago. --- He ____ ____ ____ from here for 2 years. 7. The film began 30 minutes ago. --- The film ____ ____ ____ for 30 minutes. 8. They opened the door an hour ago. --- The door ____ ____ ____ for an hour. 9. They closed the door an hour ago. ---

13、The door ____ ____ ____ for an hour. 10. He joined the army last year. --- He ____ ____ a ____ for a year. --- He ____ ____ ____ the army for a year. --- It ____ a year ____ he joined the army.,延續(xù)性動詞和瞬間性動詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)化,He died 10 years ago. --- He has been dead for 10 years / since 10 years ago. 2. He

14、 borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. --- He has kept the book for 2 weeks. 3. He bought the motorbike a month ago. ---He has had the motorbike for a month. 4. He arrived here three days ago. --- He has been here since three days ago. 5. They turned on the light 2 hours ago. --- The light has been on

15、for 2 hours. 6. He left here 2 years ago. --- He has been away from here for 2 years. 7. The film began 30 minutes ago. --- The film has been on for 30 minutes. 8. They opened the door an hour ago. --- The door has been open for an hour. 9. They closed the door an hour ago. --- The door has been

16、 closed for an hour. 10. He joined the army last year. --- He has been a soldier for a year. --- He has been in the army for a year. --- It is a year since he joined the army.,延續(xù)性動詞和瞬間性動詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)化 (keys),for和since的運(yùn)用since表“自從以來”。 1)since+時間點(diǎn) Hehasstayedheresince5oclock. 2)since+ 時間段+ ago Hehasstaye

17、dheresince5hoursago. 3)since+ 從句 ShehastaughtEnglishsincehecame here.,for+ 時間段 He has kept the book for 2 weeks. 例如： for: (長達(dá)） 1. Hehasstayedherefor3hours. 2. Hehasstayedheresince3hoursago.3. Hehasstayedheresince3oclock. 4.HehastaughtEnglishsincehecamehere.,Fill in the blanks with “for” or “since”:

18、We have had the new computer _______ a week. How long have you studied English? I have studied English _______ I was five. 3. How long has he taught in this school? He has taught in this school ______ 1998. 4. How long have you known each other? We have known each other ______ over ten years. 5.

19、How long have you kept your pet dog? I have kept it ______ two years ago. I have kept it ______ two years.,since,since,for,since,for,for,James has been in Canada ______ Monday. James has been in Canada ______ four days. James came to Canada four days _____. My aunt has lived in Brazil _____ 15 yea

20、rs. My aunt moved to Brazil 15 years _____. She has lived in Brazil ______ 15 years ______. Mike has been in hospital _______ October. Mike has been in hospital ______ two months Mike came to the hospital two months ______ He has been in hospital ______ two months ___,填上since ,for或者ago.,since,for,ag

21、o,for,ago,since ago,since,for,ago,since ago,They got married six months _____. They has been married _______ six months. They have been married _____ 6 months ____. I first met Susan two years _____. I have known Susan _____ two years. I have known Susan ______ two years ago. Sue is in the

22、 office. Shes been there _____ three hours. Sue came to the office three hours _____. Sue has been in the office _____ 3 hours ____.,ago,for,since ago,ago,for,since,for,ago,since ago,have gone to have been to have been in,去了某地，不在這里,曾經(jīng)去過某地,已回來,呆在某地（多長時間）,,,She isnt here. She has gone to the

23、reading- room. She has been to Shanghai twice/once/before. She has been in Beijing for two years.,have (has) gone to 意為“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中?？傊?，說話時該人不在現(xiàn)場，一般不用第一、第二人稱代詞作句子的主語。 ----Where is Tom?湯姆在哪里？ ----He has gone to the bookshop. 他到書店去了。 Father has gone to Hong Kong. Hell be back i

24、n a week. 爸爸到香港去了, 一星期后 回來,II. have (has) been to表示“曾經(jīng)去過某地”，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那里了?？梢耘cjust, ever, never等連用。 I have just been to the post office. 我剛剛?cè)ミ^郵局。 Tim has never been to the Great Wall. 瑪麗從未去過長城。 Have you ever been to Hangzhou? 你曾經(jīng)去過杭州嗎？,have (has) been to 后面可接次數(shù)，表示去過某地幾次。 I have been to Beijing three time

25、s. 我去過北京三次。 They have been to that Happy Valleys several times. 他們?nèi)ミ^歡樂谷好幾次了,have (has) been in 表示“在某地呆多長時間”，常與表示一段時間的狀語連用。 Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生來上海已經(jīng)有三天了。 They have been in Canada for five years. 他們到加拿大有五年了 We have been in Shenzhen Middle School Junior Campus for over t

26、wo months. 我們在深中初中部兩個多月了.,用have/has gone to, have/has been to或 have/has been in 填空。 1.Bill is on holiday at the moment. He __________ Spain.,has gone to,2. “Wheres Lily?” “Shes not here.I think she ____________ to the bank.”,has gone to,3. Hello, Sue. Where _____ you _____? _____ you _____ ____ the

27、 bank?,have been,Have been to,4. Tim is in hopital. He ___________ hospital for five days.,has been in,5. “How long _____ she ____ ___ England?” “She ___ ___ __ England since Monday.” for three days.,,has been in,has been to,6. My father ___ ___ ___ Shanghai twice.,has been in,7.

28、 I can find Susan. Where ____ she _____? 8. Oh, Hello Susan! I was looking for you. Where ______ you ______?,has gone,have been,already和yet 的區(qū)別already常用于肯定句中或句末；yet常用于一般疑問句或否定句末。但表驚訝時already也可用于疑問句。例如： 1.Tomhasalreadyfinishedhishome-work. 2.Tomhasntfinishedhishomework yet.3.What! Haveyoualread

29、yfinishedit?,Shall we eat lunch? I am ________ hungry. Have you met our foreign teacher _____? No, not ______. Has the bell rung _____? Yes, It has ________ rung. The computer has not been repaired ____. We have _______ changed the plan because Linda hasnt made up her mind ______.Have you ordered th

30、e takeaway food _____? Yes. We have ________ ordered it.,already,yet,yet,yet,already,already,yet,yet,already,yet,Fill in already or yet when needed,Correct the mistakes in the following sentences. 1、Tom has got up for half an hour. 2 、Liu Mei has joined the League for three years. 3、The train has re

31、ached the station since 10 minutes ago. 4、The little girl has fallen asleep for four hours. 5、When have you cleaned the classroom? Its clean now. 6、How long have you caught a cold? 7、She has got ten letters from her mother since last week.,火眼金睛,,been up,,been in,,been at,,been asleep,,,did,

32、clean,,had,,had,Multiple choice. ( ) 1. Has your brother found his lost car ____? - No, he hasnt. A. still B. already C. just D. yet ( ) 2. The visitors _____ here for a week. A. have left B. have come C. have arrived D. have been ( ) 3. Where ____ you _____ all these years, Jim? A. have

33、, been B. did , be C. were, been D. did, stay ( ) 4. Ive ____ this dictionary ____ a year. A. bought, for B. had, for C. bought, since D. had, since,D,D,A,B,( ) 5. You ____ here before, ____ you? A. never are, are B. never came, do C. have never been, have D. were never, were ( ) 6.

34、 The doctor ____ to Beijing twice. A. has gone B. has been C. went D. goes ( ) 7. My mother has ___ made a big mooncake herself. A. already B. yet C. just D. always ( ) 8. -Mr Green is no longer working here. He ____ here for a month. A.has gone B. has left C. has been away from D. lef

35、t,C,B,A,C,( ) 9.______you __________ the film before ? Where _____ you ____ it ? A. Have seen，did see B. Did see， did watch C. Have seen，have seen D. Did see, have seen ( ) 10. ---I have seen the film “Titanic” already. ---When __________ you __________ it？ ----The day before yesterday. A. ha

36、ve； seenB. will； see C. did； see D. did； seen ( )11. “Why ______ she _______ angry ?” “Because he _____ at her just now .”A. did get, shouted B. has got, shouted C. did get, has shouted D. has got, has shouted,,A,C,A,,,用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 I __________ in Shenzhen for about 15 years. (live) 2. He ___

37、_________ here since 1998. (work) 3. Bob isnt in. He_________ to the cinema. (go) 4. I _________ to Australia three times. (be) 5. She ___________ English for about five years. (study) 6. She ___________ English since 1999. (teach),have lived,has worked,has gone,has studied,has taught,have been,,,7.

38、 We ____________ each other for about 5 years. (know) 8. _______ you ever _____ to Australia? (be) No. I ______ never ______ there. But I _____ ______ to Canada once. 9.Shanghai ___ (be) a small town hundreds of years ago .Now it ____ (become) a large city. 10.My father ____ just ____ (come) back from work. He is tired now,have known,Have been,have been have,been,was,becomes,has,come,THE END,Thank you!,