（江蘇專用）2020高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題限時檢測（二十七）任務(wù)型閱讀（二）

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1、專題限時檢測(二十七)　任務(wù)型閱讀(二) (限時24分鐘) A (2019蘇州一模) Public Speaking Public speaking can be defined as the act of making a speech in front of a group of listeners.Compared with conversation, usually public speaking is more of a “oneway” talking. There are three types of public speaking.An informative sp

2、eech has a purpose to inform, or give knowledge to its audience about something that they probably did not know of before.The important thing to watch about is not to put in too much information.Besides, the speaker would try to change the mindset, perception, or behavior of the audience for their o

3、wn good.The speaker needs to look for common ground with the audience and try to relate to what they might agree on.Third, and the last type is a ceremonial speech.It tends to be less formal and more personal than the other types of speeches.No matter how well you know the person you are giving spee

4、ch about, try not to say bad things about them, even if it is meant to be a joke. The key of perfecting anything is through practice, including public speaking.Aside from it, a speaker is to know who the audience will be.Try to get as much information as possible regarding this particular area.Know

5、ing the “battlefield” in advance will give the speakers a huge advantage.They would be able to plan beforehand, for example, where they want to stand, and how they are going to face the audience.Last, as is mentioned above, practice is necessary.Sparing some time to practice will help build confiden

6、ce and help determine how long the presentation will last. Language is the main aspect a speaker needs to pay attention to while giving a speech.It needs to be used clearly.A speaker needs to choose their words carefully and make it clear to the audience what they mean by it.Often, when given a spe

7、ech, the audiences look up to the speaker to give them something new and useful.Thus, the speaker needs to know how to deliver their speech to fulfill the audiences expectation.Language and delivery alone will not be sufficient if the speaker does not have the body language.The movement and gesture

8、of a speaker also affect the audience.For example, if the speaker keeps pacing around the room, it will distract the audience from the topic and confuses them.When speaking in front of a small audience, you can look briefly from one person to another, but in a larger audience, it is not better to do

9、 so.While closing the speech or presentation, speakers can restate their main points, just to remind the audience of the important things that has been said.They can also end it with a special message and encourage the audience to ask questions. Public Speaking Common phenomenon In public speakin

10、g, often a speaker gives a talk, others just listening, without (1)________ information. Types of public speaking An informative speech is to (2)________ the audience with an appropriate brand new knowledge. A persuasive speech is used to convince audience.Therefore, finding (3)______ between a s

11、peaker and the audience is important. A ceremonial speech is relatively (4)________ and private.However, dont say sad things even if they are acquaintances. Making (5)________ for the speech Know the listeners identities and get much information about the topic. Know how the “battlefield” is (6)

12、______ out in advance to plan beforehand. Spare time to practice to build confidence and decide the (7)__________ of the presentation. Presenting the speech (8)________ using ambiguous words and know how to meet the audiences expectations. Use the body language, (9)________ glancing at small au

13、dience from one person to another. Restate important points when closing the speech to give the audience a deep (10)________． End a speech with a special message and encourage the audience to ask questions. 語篇解讀：本文主要講述了公共演講的概念和種類，如何為演講做準(zhǔn)備以及演講時的注意事項。 1．exchanging/sharing/swapping　根據(jù)第一段的第二句“Comp

14、ared with conversation, usually public speaking is more of a ‘oneway’ talking.”可知，在公開場合發(fā)表演說，大家只需要聽，不需要發(fā)表任何意見。沒有信息的交換。 2．provide/equip　根據(jù)第二段第二句“An informative speech has a purpose to inform, or give knowledge to its audience ...”可知，信息科普類講座是為了給聽眾提供信息和知識。provide sb.with sth.“向某人提供某物”。 3．similarity/si

15、milarities　根據(jù)第二段第四、五句“Besides ...The speaker needs to look for common ground with the audience and try to relate to what they might agree on.”可知，說服類演講，演說者要找到和觀眾的共同立場，或者共同的利益點，才可以做出來。 4．informal/casual　根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第二、三句“Third ...It tends to be less formal and more personal ...”可知，第三種類型的演講正式程度會少很多，更私人化，也就

16、是更隨意些。 5．preparations　第三段講一個完美的演講需要練習(xí)，也需要了解受眾和話題本身等，也就是做準(zhǔn)備。Make preparation for ...“為……做準(zhǔn)備”。 6．laid　根據(jù)“battlefield”定位到第三段第四句“Knowing the ‘battlefield’ in advance will give the speakers a huge advantage.”可知，提前了解場地怎樣布置可以幫助演說者做更多準(zhǔn)備。lay out“陳列，布置”。 7．length/duration/time　本題是第三段最后一句中“... and help dete

17、rmine how long the presentation will last.”的信息轉(zhuǎn)換，故將long 轉(zhuǎn)化成length。 8．Avoid　根據(jù)第四段第二句“It needs to be used clearly.”可知，演講要正確使用語言，即避免使用含糊不清的詞語。Avoid doing ...“避免做某事”。注意句首大寫。 9．like　根據(jù)最后一段倒數(shù)第四、五句“The movement and gesture of a speaker also affect the audience.For example，...”可知，看著觀眾是體態(tài)語之一。 10．impressio

18、n　重復(fù)闡述重點的目的是為了讓聽眾留下更深刻的印象。 B (2019無錫一模) Time for Americans to act on climate change The climate crisis is worsening at a rate that is becoming harder and harder to ignore.For more than two decades, scientific reports have made it clear that global warming is real, that humans cause it and that t

19、he consequences will be disastrous. The scientific community has become increasingly panicked over the past year.The latest assessment from the U．N.Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change painted a far more terrible picture than its previous analyses, and the longawaited National Climate Assessme

20、nt made clear that climate change represents a severe threat to human health as well as our economic security.Out of this panic came the treaty (條約) reached this past weekend by world leaders to keep the Paris climate agreement alive. Yet many Americans still dont regard the threat as a key priorit

21、y for our government, and support President Trumps decision to withdraw from the Paris treaty.Campaign contributions from fossil fuel companies have convinced elected officials to look the other way.A certain amount of despair has resulted in widespread apathy (漠然)． But there is another reason that

22、 has been discussed far less openly.While a growing number of people understand that climate change will have significant worldwide consequences, many Americans have an intuitive (直覺的) belief that their nation is more capable than others of adapting to a changed environment.Why? Because they have be

23、fore. This historical success, however, resulted from the federal government taking science seriously, and making investments to urge revolution and innovation. But these innovations did not happen by themselves, or simply because of the United States rich resources.They depended on consistent sup

24、port from the leaders about the need to take action when faced with crises.This has been especially true in the environmental crisis. President Bill Clinton had a shockingly modest record of advancing climate security, particularly given that his vice president, Al Gore, had been one of the most ou

25、tspoken environmentalists in Congress.By far Clintons biggest accomplishment was assigning Gore to participate in the Kyoto Protocol negotiations.Clinton chose, however, to avoid what surely would have been a terrible fight in the Senate to gain approval of the treaty.While this effort probably woul

26、d have failed, it would have signaled to the American people how seriously the Democratic Party took climate change. Thus, the time has clearly arrived for progressive candidates to start campaigning on a platform built around the need for a sustainability revolution.Such a plan should include a ca

27、rbon tax, wellfunded clean energy research, evolved agricultural policies and smarter public transport.Given that Generation X and millennials (千禧一代) never bought into the fiction that the United States is immune to the dangers of global warming, the time is ripe to make climate security a crucial g

28、overnment responsibility.Only by doing so can we begin the longoverdue (拖延好久的) campaign to save the planet. Title：Time for Americans to act on climate change Introduction More and more people have become (1)________ of the severity of climate crisis. It is human beings that are to (2)______

29、for the real global warming and should (3)________ for what they have done. Worldwide efforts Given that human health as well as our economic security is (4)________ a severe threat caused by climate change, Paris Climate Treaty has been reached by world leaders. Current Americans responses

30、 A negative attitude Unable to grasp the seriousness of the threat, many Americans are in (5)__________ of President Trumps decision to withdraw from the Paris treaty. (6)____ For responses Elected officials turn a deaf ear to the threat on account of their (7)________ relationship w

31、ith fossil fuel companies. A certain amount of despair has resulted in widespread apathy. Many Americans are wildly (8)________ about their ability to a changed environment. Earlier Americans responses A(n) (9)____ attitude Wisely assigning his vice president to participate in the Kyo

32、to Protocol negotiations, President Bill Clinton took climate change seriously. Inspirat ion form responses The Democratic Party used to take adequate notice of the potential crisis of the climate change. (10)______ It is high time for Americans to begin the longoverdue campaign to save t

33、he planet. 語篇解讀：雖然全球氣候變暖的問題正在變得越來越嚴(yán)重，但是現(xiàn)在美國人卻忽視這個問題。作者比較了美國人以前對待氣候變暖的態(tài)度和現(xiàn)在的態(tài)度，并分析了產(chǎn)生這些變化的原因，最后呼吁美國人要行動起來保護地球。 1．a(chǎn)ware/conscious　第一段第一句，氣候問題太過嚴(yán)重難以忽視，也就是引起了人們的注意。be/become aware/conscious of ...“意識到……”。 2．blame　根據(jù)第一段第二句“... that human cause it ... the consequences will be disastrous.”可知，氣候問題是人類導(dǎo)致

34、的，人類應(yīng)該對這個問題負(fù)責(zé)。be to blame for“應(yīng)對……負(fù)責(zé)”。 3．a(chǎn)nswer　同上一題。answer for意思和be to blame for差不多。 4．under　根據(jù)第二段第二句中“...climate change represents a severe threat to human health as well as our economic security.”可知，氣候問題已經(jīng)成為人類健康和經(jīng)濟安全的威脅。under a severe threat“受到嚴(yán)重威脅”，固定搭配。 5．favo(u)r　根據(jù)第三段第一句“...and support Pre

35、sident Trumps decision to withdraw from the Paris treaty.”可知，一些美國人沒有認(rèn)識到氣候問題的嚴(yán)峻性，仍然支持特朗普總統(tǒng)撤離巴黎條約的決定。in favo(u)r of是support的同義轉(zhuǎn)換。 6．Reasons　根據(jù)表格后面對應(yīng)的內(nèi)容可以看出此處是羅列了美國人對待這個問題消極的態(tài)度的原因。reasons for ...“……的原因”，習(xí)慣用法。 7．interest　根據(jù)第三段第二句“Campaign contributions from fossil fuel companies have convinced elected

36、 officials to look the other way.”可知，石油公司對已競選活動的捐款使得被選拔的官員對環(huán)境問題的看法和以往不一樣了。所以當(dāng)選官員對這一威脅充耳不聞，因為他們與化石燃料公司的利益關(guān)系。 8．sure/certain/optimistic　根據(jù)第四段第二句“...have an intuitive (直覺的) belief that their nation is more capable than others of adapting to a changed environment.”可知，美國人本能地相信他們比別的國家能夠更好地適應(yīng)變化的環(huán)境。 9．positive　從該題右欄內(nèi)容可知，以往的美國人對氣候問題的態(tài)度是積極的。 10．Conclusion　作者最后得出了結(jié)論，美國人不能再拖延拯救地球環(huán)境的行動了。 7