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1、句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu) 句子種類(lèi)兩種分類(lèi)法按句子的用途可分四種：1）陳述句（肯定、否定）：He is six years old.2）疑問(wèn)句（一般、特殊、選擇、反意）： Do they like skating? How old is he? Mary can swim, cant she? 3）祈使句：Be careful, boys. Dont talk in class4）感嘆句：How clever the boy is! 按句子的結(jié)構(gòu)可分三種： 1) 簡(jiǎn)單句2) 并列句3) 復(fù)合句 v1）簡(jiǎn)單句：只有一個(gè)主語(yǔ)（或并列主語(yǔ)）和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)（或并列謂語(yǔ)）。ve.g. He often reads E
2、nglish in the morning.v Tom and Mike are American boys.v She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers. v我們可以給句子的動(dòng)詞加上副詞修飾，給名詞加上形容詞、介詞短語(yǔ)修飾，給句子加上狀語(yǔ)進(jìn)行修飾等，以使整個(gè)句子的意思變得更加的豐富和充實(shí)。但不管如何變，都只有一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。vHe worked hard all his life. vHe is a school student in No. 1 Middle School. v2) 并列句：v句型：簡(jiǎn)
3、單句+并列連詞+簡(jiǎn)單句v并列句是由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句連接而成。并列句中的各簡(jiǎn)單句意義同等重要，相互之間沒(méi)有從屬關(guān)系，是平行并列的關(guān)系。它們之間用連詞連結(jié)。ve.g. You help him and he helps you.v The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 并列句的分類(lèi)v 1、表示連接兩個(gè)同等概念，常用and, not onlybut also, neithernor, then等連接。ve.g. The teachers name is Smith, and the students name is John.v 2、表示選擇，
4、常用的連詞有or, eitheror, otherwise等。 e.g. Hurry up, or youll miss the train. v 3、表示轉(zhuǎn)折，常用的連詞有but, yet, while等。ve.g. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.v 4、表示因果關(guān)系，常用的連詞有so, for等。ve.g. August is the time of the year for rice harvest,
5、 so every day I work from dawn until dark. 3）復(fù)合句：含有一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上從句的句子。從句包括名詞性從句（主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從 句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句） 定語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句等。句型主句+連詞+從句；或連詞+從句+主句ve.g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall. v復(fù)合句就是含有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子。這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，必定有一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)是句子的主句部分，而另一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)則是句子的次要部分，即從句部分。vWhere there is a
6、 will, there is a way. Exercises 判斷句型v1.Having finished his homework, the boy went on to help his mother.v2. What he says doesnt suit what he does. (簡(jiǎn)單句劃線部分在句中作狀語(yǔ)，修飾整個(gè)句子) (復(fù)合句包含兩個(gè)名詞性從句：What he says 是一個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句；what he does 是一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句) v3. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.v4. The boy who o
7、ffered me his seat is called Tom.v5. There is a chair in this room, isnt there?簡(jiǎn)單句復(fù)合句簡(jiǎn)單句 6. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.7. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.8. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.并列句 復(fù)合句
8、 簡(jiǎn)單句 9. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so.10. What he said at the meeting is very important, isnt it?11. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.并列句 復(fù)合句 簡(jiǎn)單句 句子成分和句子結(jié)構(gòu) v簡(jiǎn)單句的五個(gè)基本句型v主語(yǔ) 不及物動(dòng)詞 She came. v主語(yǔ) 及物動(dòng)詞 賓語(yǔ) She likes English.v主語(yǔ) 系動(dòng)詞 主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ) v She is happyv主語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞 間接賓語(yǔ) 直接賓語(yǔ)v She gave Joh
9、n a bookv She bought a book for me.v主語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞 賓語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ) v She makes her mother angry v The teacher asked me to read the passage.v（ There +be There is a book on the desk. 1. 主語(yǔ)（subject）：句子的中心詞，說(shuō)明的人或事物。 The sun rises in the east （名詞） He likes dancing. （代詞） Twenty years is a short time in history. (數(shù)詞) Seein
10、g is believing. （動(dòng)名詞） To see is to believe.（不定式） What he needs is a book.（主語(yǔ)從句） It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（It形式主語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)從句是真正主語(yǔ)） (一）指出下列句中主語(yǔ)的中心詞 The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. There is an old man coming here. The useful dictiona
11、ry was given by my mother last year. To do todays homework without the teachers help is very difficult. 2.謂語(yǔ)（predicate）：是對(duì)主語(yǔ)加以陳述，表示主語(yǔ)的行為或狀態(tài)，常用動(dòng)詞或者動(dòng)詞詞組擔(dān)任，放在主語(yǔ)的后面。We study English. He is asleep.(二). 選出句中謂語(yǔ)的中心詞 I dont like the picture on the wall. A. dont B. like C. picture D. wall The days get longer
12、and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C. days D. summer Do you usually go to school by bus? A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon 3. 表語(yǔ)（predicative）：系動(dòng)詞之后的成分，表示主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征。He is a teacher. （名詞） Y
13、ou dont look it. （代詞）Five and five is ten. （數(shù)詞） He is asleep. （形容詞）His father is in. （副詞） The picture is on the wall. (介詞短語(yǔ))My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容詞化的分詞）The question is whether they will come. （表語(yǔ)從句） （常見(jiàn)的系動(dòng)詞有: be, sound（聽(tīng)起來(lái)）, look（看起來(lái)）, feel(摸起來(lái)，smell（聞起來(lái)）, taste（嘗、吃起來(lái)）, remain（保持，仍是）
14、, feel（感覺(jué)）It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange.Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin.The food smells delicious. The food tastes good.The door remains open. Now I feel tired. (三) 挑出下列句中的表語(yǔ) The old man was feeling very tired. Why is he worried about Jim? The leaves have turned yellow. Soon
15、 They all became interested in the subject. She was the first to learn about it. 4. 賓語(yǔ)：1）動(dòng)賓表示行為的對(duì)象，常由名詞或者代詞擔(dān)任。放在及物動(dòng)詞或者介詞之后。如：I like China. （名詞） He hates you. （代詞）How many do you need? We need two. （數(shù)詞）I enjoy working with you. （動(dòng)名詞）I hope to see you again. （不定式） Did you write down what he said? （賓語(yǔ)從
16、句） 2）介詞后的名詞、代詞和動(dòng)名詞-介賓 Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks. 3）雙賓語(yǔ)-間賓（指人）和直賓（指物）He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money v (四) 挑出下列句中的賓語(yǔ)v My brother hasnt done his homework.v People all over the world speak English.v You must pay good attention to your pr
17、onunciation.v How many new words did you learn last class?v Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? v 5. 賓補(bǔ)：對(duì)賓語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)充，全稱(chēng)為賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。v We elected him monitor. （名詞） v We all think it a pity that she didnt come here. （名詞）v We will make them happy. （形容詞）v We found nobody in. ( 副詞
18、)v Please make yourself at home. （介詞短語(yǔ)） Dont let him do that. （省to不定式）v His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （帶to不定式） v Dont keep the lights burning. （現(xiàn)在分詞）v Ill have my bike repaired. （過(guò)去分詞） v (五) 挑出下列句中的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)v She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-roo
19、m.v He asked her to take the boy out of school.v She found it difficult to do the work.v They call me Lily sometimes.v I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.v Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now? v to read newspapers and books in the reading-room to take the boy out of schoolv Li
20、ly get on the bus playing football on the playground v 劃出句中的直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)v Please tell us a story.v My father bought a new bike for me last week.v Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term.v Here is a pen. Give it to Tom.v Did he leave any message for me? v 6.定語(yǔ)：修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞、詞組或句子。v Yanling is a che
21、mistry teacher.（名詞）v He is our friend. （代詞）v We belong to the third world.（數(shù)詞） v He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容詞）v The man over there is my old friend.(副詞)v The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介詞)v The boys playing football are in Class 2. （現(xiàn)在分詞）v The trees planted la
22、st year are growing well now. （過(guò)去分詞） v I have an idea to do it well.（不定式） v You should do everything that I do. （定語(yǔ)從句） v挑出下列句中的定語(yǔ)v They use Mr., Mrs. with the family name.v What is your given name?v On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.v I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.v The ma
23、n downstairs was trying to sleep. v family given third some downstairs v 7.狀語(yǔ)：用來(lái)修飾v., adj., adv., or 句子。表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、程度、條件、方式和讓步。（以下例句按上述順序排列）v I will go there tomorrow. v The meeting will be held in the meeting room.v The meat went bad because of the hot weather. v He studies hard to learn Engl
24、ish well.v He didnt study hard so that he failed in the exam. v I like some of you very much. v If you study hard, you will pass the exam. v He goes to school by bike.v Though he is young, he can do it well. v 挑出下列句中的狀語(yǔ)v There was a big smile on her face.v Every night he heard the noise upstairs.v H
25、e began to learn English when he was eleven.v The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast.v With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.v on the face Every night when he was eleven fast off 8. 同位語(yǔ)：對(duì)句子中某一成分作進(jìn)一步解釋、說(shuō)明，與前面的名詞在語(yǔ)法上處于同等地位的句子成分叫同位語(yǔ)。Mr Lin, our headmaster , is giving us a s
26、peech.Beijing , capital of China , is developing fast.The engineer himself repaired it . We all got angry.We two will go to see you .The news that he will come is true. 9、獨(dú)立成分：有時(shí)句子中會(huì)有一些與句子沒(méi)有語(yǔ)法聯(lián)系的成分，稱(chēng)為句子獨(dú)立成分(注意：區(qū)別于分詞獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu))。oh,hello,aha,ah,等。 yes no ：稱(chēng)呼人的用語(yǔ)。 ：一些句中插入的 I think , I believe,等。 v如: The stor
27、y,I think,has never come to the end./我相信,這個(gè)故事還遠(yuǎn)沒(méi)結(jié)束. ,表示說(shuō)話人的語(yǔ)氣（多作為修飾全句的狀語(yǔ)）:perhaps也許,maybe大概,acturely實(shí)際上,certainly當(dāng)然，等。 10、分詞獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)：分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)其邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子的主語(yǔ)一致! 否則應(yīng)有自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成分詞獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)。 Studying hard,your score will go up. v正確：(1) Studying hard,you can make your score go up. 或 (2)If you study hard,your score will
28、 go up. v獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)還可用with、without引導(dǎo)，作狀語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。這種結(jié)構(gòu)不但可以用分詞，還可以用不定式、形容詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、副詞或名詞等。 v如： v With nothing to do,he fell asleep soon./v The teacher came in,with glasses on his nose. v分詞做狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)應(yīng)該與句子的主語(yǔ)保持一致，否則應(yīng)該有自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成分詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)。 v 1）邏輯主語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞，表主動(dòng)。v Mary coming back, they discussed it together.(when Mary came
29、back.)v All being well, the project will be finished in five months.(If all is well.)v That being the case, wed better make another plan. (Since that is the case)v She walked along the path, her daughter following close behind. (her daughter followed close behind) v 1）邏輯主語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞，表主動(dòng)。v Mary coming bac
30、k, they discussed it together.(when Mary came back.)v All being well, the project will be finished in five months.(If all is well.)v That being the case, wed better make another plan. (Since that is the case)v She walked along the path, her daughter following close behind. (her daughter followed clo
31、se behind) 做狀語(yǔ)v1.做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于when引導(dǎo)的從句vEg: Hearing the news, they immediately set off for Shanghai.(when they heard the news)vSeen from the pagoda, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.v2. 做原因狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于as,since, because的從句vBeing Sunday, the shops are overcrowded.vA bit frightened, he stood moti
32、onless. 3. 做方式伴隨vHe walked down the hill, singing softly to himself.vHe hurried to the hall, followed by two guards.vThe boy ran home, crying.v4.做條件狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于if, unless引導(dǎo)的從句vGiven another chance, Ill do it much better.v5.做結(jié)果狀從， 相當(dāng)于so that的從句 vHe turned off the light, seeing nothing. 6. 做讓步狀從，相當(dāng)于though,
33、even if的從句vWounded, the brave soldier continued to fight.vAdmitting what she has said, I still think that she hasnt tried her best. 練習(xí)一.指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分：v1. The students got on the school bus.v2. He handed me the newspaper.v3. I shall answer your question after class.v4. What a beautiful Chinese pa
34、inting!v5. They went hunting together early in the morning. S. AttributeO.Predicate AdverbialAttribute Adverbial v6. His job is to train swimmers.v7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.v8. There is going to be an American film tonight.v9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.v10. His wish
35、 is to become a scientist.v11. He managed to finish the work in time.v12. Tom came to ask me for advice.Attribute PredicativeO.Predicate S.PredicateS. PredicativePredicate Adverbial v14. Do you have anything else to say?v15. To be honest，your pronunciation is not so good.v16. Would you please tell m
36、e your address?v17. He sat there, reading a newspaper.v18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.v19. He noticed a man enter the room.v20. The apples tasted sweet.O. AttributeParenthesis O.Adverbial AdverbialPredicativeO.C. O.C.Predicative 劃分句子成分1.we are working .2.I can swim very well
37、 .3.The waiter brought a bottle of beer to me .4.Why does the wind blow ？5.The rain has been pulling down for a whole day .6.Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music . 二、用符號(hào)劃出下列短文各句中的主語(yǔ)（）、謂語(yǔ)（）、賓語(yǔ)（）：v I hope you are very well. Im fine, but tired. Right now it is the summer vacation and Im helping my Dad
38、 on the farm. August is the hottest month here. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat. We
39、 have a lot of machines on the farm. 三、用符號(hào)劃出下列短文各句中的定語(yǔ)（）、狀語(yǔ)（）、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)（）： v Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time. These parties often make us very happy. We cook meat on an open fire outside. Its great! Americans eat a lot of meat too much in my opinion. Some of my friends drink b
40、eer. I dont, because I have to drive home after the party. In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States. There are five different time areas in the States. In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time. How many different time areas do you have in China? Well, I m
41、ust stop and get some sleep. Please give my best regards to your parents. 句子成分意義充當(dāng)詞類(lèi)例句主語(yǔ)表示句子說(shuō)的是什么人或什么事名，代，數(shù)，不定式，動(dòng)名詞，短語(yǔ)或句子We study in H uangQ iao Middle School.謂語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)做什么，是什么或怎么樣動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組She is dancing under the tree.賓語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作行為的對(duì)象同主語(yǔ)Both of us like English.表語(yǔ)與聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞連用，一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)或特征同主語(yǔ)H er father is a chemist.H is words sound reasonable.定語(yǔ)用來(lái)修飾名詞或代詞形，代，數(shù)，名, 副，介詞短語(yǔ)或句子We have eight lessons every day.狀語(yǔ)修飾動(dòng)詞，形容詞，副詞，表 示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，原因，目的，方式，結(jié)果等副詞，介詞短語(yǔ)或句子H e works very hard.They held a party in H ollywood.賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)邏輯上與賓語(yǔ)是主謂關(guān)系形容詞，名詞，介詞短語(yǔ)等She always keeps the house clean.主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)是基礎(chǔ)，賓表定狀補(bǔ)輔助。賓主來(lái)自名代數(shù)，動(dòng)詞作謂不可無(wú)！
英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析 課件.ppt
