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1、單擊此處編輯母版標(biāo)題樣式,*,單擊此處編輯母版文本樣式,第二級,第三級,第四級,第五級,Section Two,Summary Writing,Objectives,After Studying the unit,the students should be able to:,Understand the structure of a summary,Write a summary,Summary Writing,I.Definition,A summary is a,brief,restatement,of,essential,thought of a longer composition.
2、p107,brief:,a summary cant cover everything and must be shorter than original writing;,usually it includes the,thesis,and the,main supporting points,.,restatement:,it reproduces,faithfully,the theme of the original in our own words;,one should not interpret or comment;,All one has to do is to give t
3、he,gist,of the authors exact and essential meaning,.,Essential:,it gives the main information about a piece of writing or speech;,usually it includes the thesis and the main supporting points.,II.Characteristics of a Summary,1.Length,A summary should usually be about,one-fourth,to,one-third,as long
4、as the original passage.,You may use fewer words than the number prescribed,but in no case may you exceed the limit.,2.Point of View,Use the third person point of view,3.Tone:objective and impersonal,Dont express our own ideas,but faithfully represents the ideas of the original writing,.,4.Cover,all
5、 the main information,Your reader need no reference to the original to understand what its main ideas are.,5.,Follow,the logical order of the original passage,if possible(and desirable).,Ideas and facts need not be rearranged.,6.Use complete sentences,7.,Use our own words,Use different words with th
6、e original one.Dont copy the language.,8.Use,quotation if you cite some important words of the original,article,9.Use,present tense to report the general ideas and use past tense to refer to past experiences.,10.Summary writing is an exercise in compression.In writing a summary,we should:,-omit the
7、details.,-reduce the examples.,-simplify the descriptions.,-eliminate all repetitions.,(continuing),-compress wordy sentences and change phrases to words.,e.g.His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion-like.,He was very brave in battle.,e.g.They acted in a manner that rendered t
8、hem liable to prosecution.,They acted illegally.,-Use general words instead of specific words,e.g.She brought home several Chinese and English novels,and some textbooks.She intended to read all of them during the winter vacation.,She brought home a lot of books to read during the vacation.,-,Use the
9、 shortest possible transitions.,e.g.But,then,thus,yet,and for,-,Put the main points of a dialogue in indirect speech.,John said,“I,am very tired,.”,The teacher asked me,“Have,you finished your exercises,?”,He cried out,“Oh,what a big house it is,!”,She,said to him,Do not talk nonsense,!“,He asked,Ty
10、lor,Why,dont,you,go,home,?“,Attentions:,The changes of pronouns,The changes of time:yesterday,tomorrow,last year,next year,The changes of venues,直接敘述,間接敘述,now,then,today,that day,this morning,that morning,yesterday,the day before/the previous day,yesterday morning,the morning before/the previous mor
11、ning,last night,the night before/the previous night,last Monday,the Monday before/the previous Monday,ago,before,two days ago,two days before,tomorrow,the next day,next week,the following week,here,there,直接敘述,間接敘述,一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài),一般過去時(shí)態(tài),現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),過去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài),過去完成時(shí)態(tài),現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),一般過去時(shí)態(tài),過去完成時(shí)態(tài),一般將來時(shí)態(tài),過去將來時(shí)
12、態(tài),*,III.How to Write a Summary,1.Read and understand the source,2.Underline the thesis statement and the main supporting points,We should decide what parts are essential and what parts are comparatively unimportant and can be omitted without much loss.,3.Write the summary,begin the summary by mentio
13、ning the author,the articles title and the authors thesis;,state the supporting points one by one;,revise.,Dos and donts for summary writing P108,IV.Some Useful Expressions and Structures,-refer to p109,V.Analyze sample 3(P111),VI.Exercise 1 on P117.,This article talks about the reasons why students
14、 cheat in exams.,Students cheat in exams by many ways even though they will have to face severe punishment if they are caught.The author thinks there are three main reasons.,The most important reason is the fear of failure.,Those students are greatly worried that if they fail not only their relation
15、ship with their parents and friends will be affected but also their“educational future.”,The second reason,is that some students are not confident and dont think they can pass the exam.,The last reason,is that some students just want to challenge the school rules to“show off to their friends”.They take risks for pleasure.,Although the author doesnt see any effective means to stop students cheating in exams,he advises students to think“Is it worth being caught and getting punished.”,(141 words),謝 謝！,
英語專業(yè)寫作王星主編-section-2-summary-writing
