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1、單擊此處編輯母版標(biāo)題樣式,單擊此處編輯母版文本樣式,第二級,第三級,第四級,第五級,*,*,Peking Opera,Made BY,：,2,組,China has more than 300 forms of traditional opera,of which,PekingOpera,is the most popular.,Peking Opera evolved from Kunqu Opera,an even more ancient art of drama listed by UNESCO in 2001 among the first group of works repres
2、enting humankind through oral history.,Peking,Opera,Beijing(Peking)Opera,Peking Opera developed in early 19th-century Beijing and presents singing,music,chanting,dancing and martial arts all in one stage performance.,The“Four Great Anhui Troupes”,四大徽班,coming to Beijing in 1790 ushered the forming of
3、 Beijing Opera.,The combination of Huidiao,（徽調(diào),),Kunqu(,昆曲,)and Qinqiang(,秦腔,)gradually formed Peking operas main melodies,Brief history,The Beginning Period,Forming period,Peking opera is generally regarded as having fully formed by 1845 with the birth of the first generation of Peking opera perfor
4、mers.The following picture shows 13 famous performers between,1860 and 1890,Beijing opera reached maturity between 1883 and 1918.This was partly because the Empress Dowager Cixi became a regular patron of it.In this period,the leading figures are Tan Xinpei,Wang Guifen and Sun Juxian who were called
5、”The three post giants of Housheng”.,Period of Maturity,Tan Xinpei-the leading figure,Peak time,Since 1917,a number of excellent performers such as Yang Xiaolou,Mei Lanfang and Yu Shuyan appeared and promoted Beijing opera to its best.,Role Classification,The roles of Beiiing Opera are strictly clas
6、sified.There were altogether ten types of roles in the beginning,which were sheng,dan,jing,chou,mo,fu,wai,wu,za,and liu.Later,they were reclassified into four major roles,namely sheng(male),dan(female),jing(painted face),chou(clown).And each role was further divided.,http:/ Operas,Facial make-up,Sty
7、les of Facial Make-up,What appeals to foreigners most might be the different styles of facial make-up,which is one of the highlights of Chinese opera and requires distinctive techniques of painting.Exaggerated designs are painted on each performers face to symbolize a characters personality,role,and
8、 fate.This technique may have originated from ancient religions and dance.Audiences who are familiar with opera can know the story by observing the facial painting as well as the costumes.,Origin,Peking Operas facial,make-up is based on,life,or rather,it is the,summarization of life.,The sources of
9、the facial,make-up are the followings:,1,、,Draw on the principles of genetic origin.,借鑒生活中血統(tǒng)遺傳的原理。,For instance,Zhang Pao(,張苞,),son of Zhang Fei,張飛,Meng Qiang,孟強,son of Meng Liang,孟良,they all follow their fathers,facial make-up and this,gradually became a general practice.,2,、,They use different col
10、ors to specify different characters in conformity with the roles in the opera.,3,、,Rely on descriptions of the characters in classical literary works or folk stories.For example,the red-faced Guan Yu and the dark-faced Bao Gong.,Examples,Face of eunuch,(,太監(jiān)臉,),The color of it is either red or white.
11、,Wry face,歪臉：,Lacking symmetry is a device to exaggerate the wryness and ugliness of facial feature of the accomplices and bullies.,Yuanbao(Shoe-shaped gold ingo)facet,(,元寶臉,):It got the name as the color of the forehead and te cheek is different and the outline looks like a shoed-shaped gold ingot.
12、,Face of immortal,:(,神仙臉,),Composition of the face originated from the statue of the Buddha,構(gòu)圖 取法佛像。,The main colors used are golden and silvery which stand for holiness and dignity,主要用金、銀色，或在輔色中添勾金、銀色線條和涂色塊，以示神圣威嚴(yán)。,Face of demon,:(,小妖臉,),Also called“random face”(,隨意臉,)”,Colour&its meanings,RED,Gene
13、ral meaning,：,brave,、,loyal and chivalrous,俠義,mostly for a positive roles;,others,：,ironically,sometimes it represents those who are good looking but actually bad in nature.,Black,General meaning,：,straightforward,、,brave and fortitude,剛毅，,full of wisdom,others,：,represent the yin from yin yang,usua
14、lly for ghosts,d ark skin guys or ugly-looking people,White,General Meaning:,Insidious and treacherous,obstinate,陰險奸詐,and adhere to his own judgment;,剛愎自用,Others:,sometimes it also represents monks,eunuches(,太監(jiān),)and aged people.,Purple,General Meaning:,upright and unyielding;a hero who will never be
15、 faltered by neither threats nor force”.,Others:,sorrowful looking,or even ugly looking people.,_ _,today,Besides color,lines also function as symbols.For example,a figure can be painted either all white on his face,or just around the nose.The larger the white area painted,the more viperous the role
16、.,京劇臉譜，是具有民族特色的一種特殊的化妝方法。由于每個歷史人物或某一種類型的人物都有一種大概的譜式，就像唱歌、奏樂都要按照樂譜一樣，所以稱為,“,臉譜,”,。關(guān)于臉譜的來源，一般的說法是來自假面具。,京劇臉譜，是根據(jù)某種性格、性情或某種特殊類型的人物為采用某些色彩的。紅色有臉譜表示忠勇士義烈，如關(guān)羽、姜維、常遇春，用作輔色暗示人物命運，如蔣忠、華雄、高登等；黑色的臉譜表示剛烈、正直、勇猛、粗率，甚至魯莽，如包拯、張飛、李逵、項羽、楊七郎等；黃色的臉譜表示彪悍、陰險、兇狠殘暴，如龐涓、宇文成都、典韋。藍(lán)色或綠色的臉譜表示一些剛強驍勇、粗獷、桀驁不馴的人物，如竇爾敦、馬武、程咬金、公孫勝等；白色的臉譜一般象征陰險狡詐的壞人，如曹操、嚴(yán)嵩、趙高、秦檜、司馬懿等。,The film,Leon Li and Ziyi Zhang,Life Overview,Mi was born in 1894 in a family of Peking Opera and,Knq,performers.,He made his stage debut when he was 10 years old.In
Peking-opera京劇英文介紹
