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1、單擊此處編輯母版標(biāo)題樣式,單擊此處編輯母版文本樣式,第二級(jí),第三級(jí),第四級(jí),第五級(jí),*,*,*,用圖象描述直線運(yùn)動(dòng),討論與交流,在日常生活中你見到哪些變化過(guò)程是用圖象展示的?有哪些類型?它們有什么共同點(diǎn)?,實(shí)踐與探究,如何用圖象描述勻速直線運(yùn)動(dòng)?,1,2,3,4,5,6,0,物體做勻速直線運(yùn)動(dòng)數(shù)據(jù)表,0.06,0.05,0.04,0.03,0.02,0.01,0,位移,s/m,0.12,0.10,0.08,0.06,0.04,0.02,0,時(shí)間,t/s,一、勻速直線運(yùn)動(dòng)的位移圖象,物體做勻速直線運(yùn)動(dòng)數(shù)據(jù)表,0.06,0.05,0.04,0.03,0.02,0.01,0,位移,s/m,0.12,
2、0.10,0.08,0.06,0.04,0.02,0,時(shí)間,t/s,作法:,s/m,t/s,0,0.020.040.060.08 0.100.12,0.06,0.05,0.04,0.03,0.02,0.01,觀察與思考,在,s-t,圖象中,用斜率表示速度,2.,如何用方程表示?,3.物體運(yùn)動(dòng)的速度在位移,時(shí)間圖象通過(guò)什么,來(lái)體現(xiàn)?,t/s,s/m,0,1.,圖象特點(diǎn):,一條傾斜直線,圖象信息:,點(diǎn),某時(shí)刻物體的位置(狀態(tài)),線段,某段時(shí)間內(nèi)物體的位移(過(guò)程),斜率,物體運(yùn)動(dòng)的速度,截距,出發(fā)時(shí)刻、出發(fā)位置,交點(diǎn),表示該時(shí)刻兩物體相遇,注意:,圖象不是軌跡,圖象只能描述直線運(yùn)動(dòng),二、勻速直線運(yùn)動(dòng)
3、的速度圖象,實(shí)踐與探究,如何用圖象表示物體運(yùn)動(dòng)的速度隨時(shí)間,變化的關(guān)系?,t/s,v/(m,s,-1,),0,作法:,圖象特點(diǎn):,一條平行與時(shí)間軸的直線,觀察與思考,在速度時(shí)間圖象中,物體運(yùn)動(dòng)的位移大小通過(guò)什么來(lái)體現(xiàn)?,t/s,v/(m,s,-1,),0,在,v-t,圖中,位移的大小可用,v,和,t,所圍成的矩形的面積表示。,圖象信息:,反映物體速度的大小和方向,注意:,圖象不是軌跡,圖象只能描述直線運(yùn)動(dòng),反映某段時(shí)間內(nèi)物體位移的大小和方向),t/s,v/(m,s,-1,),0,三、勻變速直線運(yùn)動(dòng)的速度圖象,實(shí)踐與探究,如何用圖象描述勻變速直線運(yùn)動(dòng)?,由加速度定義式:,根據(jù)數(shù)學(xué)知識(shí)可得:,t/
4、s,v/(m/s,),0,v,t,v,o,t,作法:,圖象特點(diǎn):,一條傾斜直線,觀察與思考,在勻變速直線運(yùn)動(dòng)的,v-t,圖象中,如何表示加速度和位移的大???,直線的斜率表示加速度,,v,和,t,圍成的面積表示位移的大小。,a=(v,t,-v,0,)/t=k,t/s,v/(m/s,),0,v,t,v,o,t,點(diǎn),反映某時(shí)刻物體的速度,(,大小、方向),線段,某段時(shí)間內(nèi)物體的速度變化,斜率,加速度(大小、方向),截距,開始計(jì)時(shí)的,初速度,圖象信息:,t/s,v/(m/s,),0,v,t,v,o,t,面積,反映某段時(shí)間內(nèi)物體位移的大小,交點(diǎn),表示該時(shí)刻,兩物體速度相等,t,1,v,1,實(shí)踐與拓展,勻
5、減速直線運(yùn)動(dòng)的圖象是怎樣的?,t/s,v/(m/s,),0,v,t,v,o,t,練習(xí):,某同學(xué)以一定的速度去同學(xué)家送一本書,在同學(xué)家停留一會(huì)兒后,又以相同的速率沿原路返回家。下列哪個(gè)圖線能粗略表示他的運(yùn)動(dòng)狀態(tài),t,o,v,t,o,v,t,o,v,t,o,v,A,B,C,D,思考:上圖線若是位移圖象呢?,甲圖和乙圖分別為,S,t,圖象和,vt,圖象,請(qǐng)通過(guò)比較分析,找出兩者形同質(zhì)異的區(qū)別,。,V,/,m.s,-1,o,t/s,A,B,C,D,E,t,1,t,2,t,3,t,4,v,1,v,2,s/,m,o,t/s,A,B,C,D,E,t,1,t,2,t,3,t,4,s,1,s,2,甲圖,乙圖,一枚小火箭由地面豎直向上發(fā)射時(shí)的圖象,則火箭上升到最高點(diǎn)的位置對(duì)應(yīng)圖中的,A.O,點(diǎn),B.A,點(diǎn),C.B,點(diǎn),D.C,點(diǎn),t,o,v,A,B,C,思考:定性比較三個(gè)階段加速度的大小,謝 謝,!,