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1、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí),你真能分清嗎?
一般過(guò)去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)都可以表示過(guò)去完成的事情。如:
I saw the film three days ago.
I have already seen the film.
表示過(guò)去完成的事情是這兩種時(shí)態(tài)的共同點(diǎn),那同學(xué)們想過(guò)沒(méi)有,這兩種時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)別在哪里?今天,小簡(jiǎn)老師為大家總結(jié)了一般過(guò)去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的基本用法以及它們的本質(zhì)區(qū)別,同學(xué)們好好體會(huì)一下。
一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法
1. 用來(lái)表示明確過(guò)去時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀況。例如:
I bought some fruits yesterday.
我昨天買(mǎi)了一些水果。
2、
--- Where were you last week?
上周你在哪兒?
--- I was at my uncles home in the countryside.
(上周)我在鄉(xiāng)下的叔叔家。
2. 有些情況,發(fā)生時(shí)間沒(méi)有明確標(biāo)明,但實(shí)際上是過(guò)去發(fā)的,應(yīng)用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài);另外,在談到已故去的人時(shí),也多用過(guò)去時(shí)。例如:
He bought a cat, and now they are good friends.
他買(mǎi)了一只貓,現(xiàn)在他們是好朋友了。
Lu Xun was a great writer.
魯迅是一位偉大的作家。
與一般過(guò)去時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)
3、有yesterday, last night, last week, four days ago, in 2002, just now, the day before yesterday等明確的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法
1.表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響且強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響,不能表明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的具體的過(guò)去時(shí)間,可與already、yet、just、before、recently、lately等模糊的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)用,例如:
The car has already arrived.
車(chē)子來(lái)了。(結(jié)果:車(chē)子已在門(mén)口)
She has broken th
4、e window before.
她之前把窗戶打破了。(結(jié)果:窗戶仍破著)
2. 表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作從過(guò)去開(kāi)始發(fā)生,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,并且有可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去,可以和表示時(shí)間段的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,如for+時(shí)間段、since+過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)/一般過(guò)去時(shí)的句子、疑問(wèn)詞how long等。例如:
My uncle has worked at this factory for five years.
我叔叔在這個(gè)工廠工作已經(jīng)五年了。
Mr. Black has lived inChinasince 2002.
自從2002年Mr. Black 一直住在中國(guó)。
How long have y
5、ou been here?
你來(lái)這里多久了?
注意:此種用法中表示持續(xù)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性詞。例如:
(1)這本書(shū)我已經(jīng)買(mǎi)了三個(gè)月了。
錯(cuò)誤:I have bought the book for three months.
正確:I have had the book for three months.
(2)你哥哥參軍多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了?
錯(cuò)誤:How long has your brother joined the army?
正確:How long has your brother been in the army
延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)換
6、leave --- be away
borrow --- keep
buy --- have
die --- be dead
finish --- be over
fall ill ---be ill
catch a cold --- have a cold
put on→ wear
fall asleep --- be asleep
get to know --- know
join----be a member of ...
open ---be open
close ---be closed
一般過(guò)去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別
1.側(cè)重點(diǎn)不同
7、
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)側(cè)重于過(guò)去完成的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響,不能指明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的明確過(guò)去時(shí)間,因而不能與明確過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用;而一般過(guò)去時(shí)側(cè)重于某一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去某個(gè)或某段具體時(shí)間。即現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)側(cè)重于現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果,而一般過(guò)去時(shí)側(cè)重于動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間。例如:
I have seen the film.
我看過(guò)這部電影。(現(xiàn)在我仍記得電影的內(nèi)容)
I saw the film three days ago.
三天前我看了這部電影。(強(qiáng)調(diào)是三天前,而不是別的什么時(shí)候看的電影)
Mr Green has bought a new computer.
格林先生買(mǎi)了一臺(tái)新電腦。(格林先生現(xiàn)在
8、有了一臺(tái)新電腦)
Mr Green bought a new computer yesterday.
格林先生昨天買(mǎi)了一臺(tái)新電腦。(強(qiáng)調(diào)的是格林先生買(mǎi)新電腦的時(shí)間是昨天)
2. 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)不同
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與already, yet, just, ever, never, before等模糊的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或“for+段時(shí)間”,“since+過(guò)去時(shí)間/從句”等表示時(shí)間段的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用;而一般過(guò)去時(shí)則常與“一段時(shí)間+ago”,just now, yesterday, last week等明確過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。例如:
She has lived here since tw
9、o years ago.
她兩年前就住在這里了。
She lived here two years ago.
兩年前她住在這里。
[實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練]
1. -I have seen the film “Titanic”already.
-When __________ you __________ it?
-The day before yesterday.
A. have; seen
B. will; see
C. did; see
D. did; seen
2. Mr Black __________ in China since five years ago.
A. lived
B. has lived
C. lives
D. is going to live
3. We ___________ trees last Sunday. So far we __________ over 3,000 trees there.
A. planted; planted
B. planted; have planted
C. have planted; planted
D. have planted; have planted
key:1.C 2.B 3.B