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1、不 定 式 由 “ ” 構(gòu) 成 ,其 否 定 形式 是 “ ”,不 定 式 沒(méi) 有_的 變 化 ， 有 時(shí) 態(tài) 和 語(yǔ) 態(tài) 的 變 化 。不 定 式 可 以 作 主 語(yǔ) 、 賓 語(yǔ) 、 狀 語(yǔ) 、 表 語(yǔ) 和定 語(yǔ) ， 但 不 能 單 獨(dú) 作 謂 語(yǔ) 。 不 定 式 的 邏 輯主 語(yǔ) 有 時(shí) 用 “ ” 構(gòu) 成。不 定 式人 稱 和 數(shù) 1結(jié)構(gòu) : to do (否定) not/never to do 二. 時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般式進(jìn)行式完成式完成進(jìn)行式不定式 to do to be done to be doing to have done to have been done to
2、have been doing - (1).They pretended not to see us.(2). He pretended to be sleeping. (3).She pretended to have known it before.(一 般 式 表 示 與 謂 語(yǔ) 的 動(dòng) 作 同 時(shí) /幾 乎 /發(fā) 生 在它 之 后 .)(在 謂 語(yǔ) 動(dòng) 詞 發(fā) 生 的 同 時(shí) ,不 定 式 的 動(dòng) 作 也 正 在 進(jìn) 行 )(完 成 式 表 示 動(dòng) 作 發(fā) 生 在 謂 語(yǔ) 動(dòng) 作 之 前 )(4).Were happy to have been working with you. (完
3、 成 進(jìn) 行 式 表 示 謂 語(yǔ) 動(dòng) 作 發(fā) 生 之 前 ,不 定 式 的動(dòng) 作 一 直 在 進(jìn) 行 而 且 可 能 之 后 也 繼 續(xù) ) 動(dòng)詞不定式的作用 Functions of Infinitive v 主語(yǔ) (subject)v 賓語(yǔ) (object)v 賓補(bǔ) (object complement)v 定語(yǔ) (attribute)v 狀語(yǔ) (adverbial)v 表語(yǔ) (predicative)v 做獨(dú)立成分（independent component）v 與疑問(wèn)詞等連用 To see is to believe.Its important to learn English wel
4、l .(1). 主語(yǔ)單 個(gè) 不 定 式 作 主 語(yǔ) 時(shí) ,謂 語(yǔ) 動(dòng) 詞 用 單 數(shù)若 不 定 式 太 長(zhǎng) ,往 往 用 it作 形 式 主 語(yǔ) ,不 定 式 置 后 .My job to help the patient.Your task to clean the classroom.is is(2). 表語(yǔ) I want to go home.The workers demanded to get better pay.I found it necessary to talk to him again.(3) 賓語(yǔ)think/ consider/ find it + adj.+ to d
5、o 常用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：hope, refuse, learn, set outchoose, decide, agree, manage, pretend, plan. The teacher told me to clean the blackboard.I expect you to give me some help.(4). 賓補(bǔ)五看 watch see look at observe notice三使 let make have 二聽(tīng) listen to hear一感覺(jué): feelwarn, tell, allow, help, ask, force等 e.g. I ma
6、de him do his work.He was made to do his work (by me).1 help 后面的“to”可省去e.g. They often help the grandma (to) carry water.2 see, hear, watch, feel, notice, look at等表示 感覺(jué)和let, make, have等表示使役的動(dòng)詞后 面，不定式作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)要省“to” 3 不定式用在介詞but, except, besides后時(shí),如果這些介詞前有行為動(dòng)詞do的各種形式,那么介詞后的不定式不帶to,相反則帶to.(1). She could do
7、 nothing but cry.(2). I have no choice but to go.(3).What do you like to do besides sleep. I have something to say.He has a lot of homework to do .He is looking for a room to live in .There is nothing to worry about.(5). 定語(yǔ)(如果不定式中的動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞,則不定式中要有介詞.)請(qǐng)給我一支寫(xiě)字的筆.Please give me a pen to write with. 不定式
8、作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)放在被修飾詞的后面，而且放在其他后置定語(yǔ)之后。1. 不定式做定語(yǔ)與所修飾的詞之間有三種關(guān)系：(1)動(dòng)賓關(guān)系 I have a lot of work to do.我有很多工作要做。 (2)主謂關(guān)系 He is always the first to come.他總是第一個(gè)來(lái)。 (3)同位關(guān)系 We all have a chance to go to college. 我們都有上大學(xué)的機(jī)會(huì)。 2. 作定語(yǔ)的不定式如果是不及物動(dòng)詞，或者不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動(dòng)作的地點(diǎn)工具等，不定式后面須有相應(yīng)的介詞。3. 不定式所修飾的名詞如果是time, place或way，不定式后面的
9、介詞習(xí)慣上要省去。 e.g. He is looking for a room to live in. 他在找一個(gè)房間住。e.g. He had no money and no place to live. 他沒(méi)錢(qián)沒(méi)地方住。 4. something, anything, nothing, everything等復(fù)合不定代詞常用不定式做后置定語(yǔ)。e.g. Do you have anything to send ? 你有什么東西要寄嗎？ Do you have anything to be sent ? 你有什么東西要被寄嗎？ I came here to see you.He got up
10、early to catch the train.(6) 狀語(yǔ)（表示目的，結(jié)果，原因或條件）in order to , so as to ,enough to ,only to , too.to.,在一些短語(yǔ)中也有體現(xiàn) (7).獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)to be frank, to be honest,To tell the truth, I dont agree with you.類似的結(jié)構(gòu) (8)不 定 式 與 疑 問(wèn) 詞 who,which, when, how, what等 連 用 ， 在 句 中 起 名 詞 作 用 ， 可 充 當(dāng) 主 語(yǔ) 、表 語(yǔ) 、 賓 語(yǔ) 等 。He didnt know wh
11、at to say.他 不 知 道 說(shuō) 什 么 。(賓 語(yǔ) ) How to solve the problem is very important.如 何 解 決 這 個(gè) 問(wèn) 題 很 重 要 。 (主 語(yǔ) ) My question is when to start.我 的 問(wèn) 題 是 什 么 時(shí)候 開(kāi) 始 。 (表 語(yǔ) )：在 與 why連 用 時(shí) ， 只 用 于 why或 why not開(kāi) 頭 的簡(jiǎn) 短 疑 問(wèn) 句 中 ， 后 面 緊 跟 的 動(dòng) 詞 不 定 式 不 帶 to。 Why not have a rest? 1.My teacher was made _(give up) h
12、is teaching because of poor health.2.The sentence wants _(explain) once more.3.The Arctic is considered _(be) the northern part of the Atlantic.to give upexplainingto be 4.The Emperor ordered the wonderful cloth_ (weave) for him without delay.5.I found the German language hard _ (learn).6.The light
13、in the office is still on. - Oh, I forgot _ (turn off). to be wovento learn to turn it off 幾對(duì)易混淆的詞組： stop to do sth. 停止去做某事 doing sth.停止正在做 forget to do sth.忘記去做 doing sth.忘記已做了 remember to do sth.記得去做 doing sth.記得曾經(jīng)做 7.-How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers? -T
14、he key _ (solve) the problem is to meet the demand _(make) by the customers.8. -What do you think of the school? -It is a very good _.A.school to study in B. school for children to studyC. studying school D. school to studyto solvingmade 9. -Did you get a job? - No, I _ , but its no use.A.expected B
15、. tried to C. managed to D. planned10.We find it impossible for the work _ (finish) ahead of time.11.-I usually go to Shanghai by train. -Why not _ there by boat for a change?A.to try to go B. try going C. to try going D. try to go to be finished 12._(make) a living, she had to work from morning til
16、l night.13. I would rather starve to death than _(beg) for food.14.The boy pretended _(read) when his mother entered.To makebegto be reading 1. Robert is said _ (study) abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in.2. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _(make) it more diffi
17、cult.3. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ (expect)in my new job.to have studied not to make to expect 4. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it.A.to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. see5. It is said in Australia there is m
18、ore land than the government knows _.A.it what to do with B. what to do with it C. what to do it with D. to do what with it6. The mother didnt know _ to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out.A. who B. when C. how D. why 7. Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard. A.
19、 learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning8. We agreed _ here but so far she hasnt turned up yet. A. having met B. meeting C. to meet D. to have met9. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to 10. The patient was warn
20、ed _ oily food after the operation. A. to eat not B.eating not C. not to eat D.not eating11. I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone12. Charles Babbage is generally considered _the first computer. A. to
21、 invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented 13. Little Jim should love _(take) to the theatre this evening. 14. _(sleep) late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm. 15. The teacher asked us _(make) so much noise. to be takenTo sleepnot to make 1愛(ài)和被愛(ài)都是最大的幸福。_ are both great happi
22、ness.2中國(guó)人民決不會(huì)征服。The Chinese people refuse _3據(jù)說(shuō)他已經(jīng)完成了他的工作。He is said _.4 根據(jù)報(bào)道他們已安全到達(dá)。They are reported _To love and to be loved to give in/ be conqueredto have finished/completed his workto have arrived safely 5 我想叫人立刻修理這輛自行車(chē)。I want this bike _.6 瑪利仿佛已經(jīng)被告訴這件事了。Mary seemed _.7眾所周知，奧運(yùn)會(huì)上他被授予了一枚金牌。He is known _ a gold medal at the Olympic. to be repaired at once/ immediatelyto have been told about itto have been given
高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法 動(dòng)詞不定式的用法（31張PPT）
