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1、1 1性質(zhì)性質(zhì)：它具有動詞的特點，但在句子中起著：它具有動詞的特點，但在句子中起著名詞、形容詞、副詞的作用，充當(dāng)主語、表語、名詞、形容詞、副詞的作用，充當(dāng)主語、表語、定語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、狀語的作用，即：定語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、狀語的作用，即：除除謂語以外的一切成分。謂語以外的一切成分。非謂語動詞非謂語動詞2形式形式不定式不定式 相當(dāng)于名詞、形容詞、副詞。充當(dāng)主語、賓語、相當(dāng)于名詞、形容詞、副詞。充當(dāng)主語、賓語、定語、表語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、狀語。定語、表語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、狀語。動名詞動名詞 相當(dāng)于名詞充當(dāng)主語、表語、定語、賓語相當(dāng)于名詞充當(dāng)主語、表語、定語、賓語.分詞分詞 相當(dāng)于形容詞、副詞。作表
2、語、定語、賓語補(bǔ)相當(dāng)于形容詞、副詞。作表語、定語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、狀語。足語、狀語。 一 動詞不定式 The Infinitive (to do )不 定 式 的不 定 式 的 作 用作 用不定式的不定式的時態(tài)時態(tài)不定式的不定式的語態(tài)語態(tài)不定式不定式1. 主語主語2. 賓語賓語3. 賓語補(bǔ)足語賓語補(bǔ)足語4. 表語表語5. 定語定語6. 狀語狀語 1. _( talk ) with him is a great pleasure. 2. _( help ) others is our duty. To talkTo help3. 如果要說明不定式表示的動作是誰做的，可以在不定式前如果要說明不定式表示
3、的動作是誰做的，可以在不定式前加一個由加一個由 for for 引起的短語引起的短語, ,構(gòu)成不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。構(gòu)成不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。2. 不定式作主語時不定式作主語時,可以用可以用it作形式主語作形式主語.It is our duty to help others4. It is+adj+for sb to do It is+adj+ of sb to do4. It is important _ Tom to get that job. It is kind _ you to help me with myforof1不定式作主語：不定式作主語：3.It is easy_ _ (學(xué)生讀學(xué)生
4、讀)(adj: kind, good, nice, wise, unwise, clever, silly, stupid, foolish, careless, rude, polite,naughty（修飾人的形容詞）（修飾人的形容詞）（修飾物的形容詞）（修飾物的形容詞）1.單個不定式作主語，謂語動詞單數(shù)單個不定式作主語，謂語動詞單數(shù)for the students to read.1. Her work is _( look ) after the children.2. My aim is _( go ) to TsingHuaUniversity. 3. She seemed _(
5、think ) about the problem. 4. They appeared _( agree ) with what we said.to lookto goto thinkto agree2不定式作表語不定式作表語不定式作不定式作be動詞的表語時可以和主語部分調(diào)換，動詞的表語時可以和主語部分調(diào)換，說明主語的內(nèi)容。說明主語的內(nèi)容。：want, demand, hope, wish, expect,fail, help, offer, manage, pretend, promise, prepare, learn, agree, plan, determine, prefer, i
6、ntend. 1. They wanted _( get ) on the bus, didnt they?2. He said he wished _( be ) a professor.3. I agreed_ ( go ) there with the doctor.4. He had promised _ ( give ) me a hand.to getto beto goto give3不定式作賓語：不定式作賓語：1.He found _Russian.(study/important)2.The computer makes_(possible/ calculate faster
7、)如作賓語的不定式有自己的補(bǔ)語，須用先行詞如作賓語的不定式有自己的補(bǔ)語，須用先行詞 it作作 形式賓語，形式賓語，而將真正的賓語不定式后置。而將真正的賓語不定式后置。 有些及物動詞常用不定式作賓語。常見的動詞有有些及物動詞常用不定式作賓語。常見的動詞有it important to studyit possible to calculate faster.句式：句式：Subject+v+it+adj/n+to dothink, find, feel, consider, make1.He seldom comes except _at my pictures.(look)2.We have n
8、o choice but _outside.(wait)3.They could do nothing but _for help.(ask)不定式一般不能作介詞的賓語，只有在極少數(shù)介詞如不定式一般不能作介詞的賓語，只有在極少數(shù)介詞如 ：but, except等后才行，此時不定式可帶等后才行，此時不定式可帶 to 或不帶或不帶 to。 注意注意to lookto waitask 5看（看（look at, see, watch,notice,observe） 3使（使（make, let, have）；）；2聽（聽（listen to, hear）；）； 1感覺（感覺（feel）。）。1.Th
9、e teacher made the boy_( go )out of the classroom2.We observed them_(finish)the work3.He was made_(tell) a story4.Let us_( have) a rest.5.The teacher got the students _(hand )in homework.“吾看三室兩廳一感覺吾看三室兩廳一感覺”主動語態(tài)主動語態(tài) s+v +sb + do .被動語態(tài)。被動語態(tài)。S+be +v ed+ to doA 1. I didnt want my parents _( help ) me.
10、2. Wed prefer you _( take ) the job instead of Zhang.B4.不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語.+V+sb to dogohave to hand to tell to help to takefinish let sb do sth get sb to do sth1.He was the first person_to the classroom (come)2. Do you have anything_ ?(say)3. He thought out a plan _ (punish) Tom.to say to come to p
11、unish 4. We need a room to live5. We have a lot of problems to talk作定語的不定式如是不及物動詞，不定式后面須有相應(yīng)的介詞。作定語的不定式如是不及物動詞，不定式后面須有相應(yīng)的介詞。5.不定式作定語不定式作定語inabout目的狀語還可用目的狀語還可用 in order to 或或so as to結(jié)果狀語還可用結(jié)果狀語還可用 soas to, suchas to, enough to, tooto, only to等結(jié)構(gòu)來表示等結(jié)構(gòu)來表示1. _(save ) the badly sick lady, the doctor had
12、 an operation on her.2. 2. He hurried to the station only _ ( find ) the train left.不定式在作表語不定式在作表語/ 補(bǔ)語的補(bǔ)語的形容詞形容詞后面作狀語，用主動形式后面作狀語，用主動形式表被動意思。表被動意思。This question is difficult _ (answer).Do you think him easy_ (work) with?We find this rule hard _ (remember)6.不定式作狀語不定式作狀語To save to find作目的、結(jié)果要用不定式。作目的、結(jié)
13、果要用不定式。 to answer to work to remember1._ (實話實說實話實說), he doesnt agree with you. 2. （誠實說（誠實說)，I dont like your idea To tell (you) the truthTo be honest3._（首先），（首先）， Beijing is a very beautiful city。7.不定式作獨立成分不定式作獨立成分To begin with8.不定式與疑問詞不定式與疑問詞who, which, when, where, who, which, when, where, how, wh
14、at how, what 等連用，在句中起名詞作用，可充當(dāng)?shù)冗B用，在句中起名詞作用，可充當(dāng)主語，表語，賓語等。主語，表語，賓語等。1.He didnt know what to say.2.How to solve the problem is important. 3.My question is when to start. 1.I saw him_.2.I plan to attend the meeting_ tomorrow4.Im sorry _ you waiting.5.The article is said _ by many people. go outto be held
15、3.He pretended _ (sleep)when I came in. to be sleepingto have keptto have been read9.不定式的時態(tài)與語態(tài)：不定式的時態(tài)與語態(tài)：1）不定式的）不定式的一般式一般式：不定式表示的動作常與謂語的動作同時不定式表示的動作常與謂語的動作同時（或幾乎同時）發(fā)生，或在它之后發(fā)生。（或幾乎同時）發(fā)生，或在它之后發(fā)生。2）不定式的）不定式的進(jìn)行式進(jìn)行式：不定式表示的動作正在進(jìn)行不定式表示的動作正在進(jìn)行3）不定式的）不定式的完成式完成式：不定式的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前。不定式的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前。 to do /to be done to be doing to have doneto have been done
動詞不定式 (2)
