考研英語(yǔ)二真題詳細(xì)解析[共28頁(yè)]

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1、Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension Part A Text 1 A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys, people are actually more stressed at home than at work. Researchers measured peoples cortisol，which is it at stress marker,while they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at w

2、hat is supposed to be a place of refuge. 段首句提出觀點(diǎn)：人們?cè)诩抑惺艿降膲毫Ρ裙ぷ髦懈螅╩ore stressed at home than at work），第二句通過(guò)具體的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果描述對(duì)首句進(jìn)行道理論證（cortisol濃度在家中比在工作中更高）。 從考點(diǎn)設(shè)置來(lái)說(shuō)，本段首句+第二句構(gòu)成觀點(diǎn)+例證的結(jié)構(gòu)，可以對(duì)首句的觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行正確選項(xiàng)的設(shè)置。 “Further contradicting conventional wisdom, we found that women as well as men have lower levels

3、of stress at work than at home, writes one of the researchers”. Sarah Damaske, In fact women say they feel better at work. She notes. it is men not women. Who report being happier at home than at work, Another surprise is that the findings hold true for both those with children and without, but more

4、 so for non-parents. This is why people who work outside the home have better health. 本段首句提出與傳統(tǒng)觀點(diǎn)相反的內(nèi)容：女性在工作中經(jīng)歷的壓力更小。第二句進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)化首句內(nèi)容：女性更喜歡工作而非在家中，而男人卻更加喜歡待在家中。第三句+第四句提出另外一個(gè)讓人吃驚的事實(shí)，沒(méi)有孩子的夫妻更加喜歡工作環(huán)境而非家庭環(huán)境。 從考點(diǎn)設(shè)置來(lái)說(shuō)，本段倒數(shù)第二句存在于上句的并列+句內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)折+最后一句的道理論證，屬于重要考點(diǎn)，可以設(shè)置相應(yīng)的細(xì)節(jié)題。 What the study doesn’t measure is wh

5、ether people are still doing work when they re at home, whether it is household work or work brought home from the office. For many men, the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay home, they never get to leave the office. And for women who work outside the home, they often are

6、 playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace in making adjustments for working women, it s not surprising that women are more stressed at home. 本段首句提出研究的漏洞——人們是否會(huì)在家繼續(xù)工作？工作是家務(wù)還是辦公室的工作？第二句到第四句給出對(duì)立的觀點(diǎn)：對(duì)男人而言，下班即意

7、味著不用工作了，而對(duì)于女性而言，上班或者下班都有工作要處理（ catch-up-with-household tasks）。最后一句對(duì)前四句做出總結(jié)，女性在家中的壓力明顯多過(guò)男性（women are more stressed at home）。 從考點(diǎn)設(shè)置來(lái)說(shuō)，本段最重要的考點(diǎn)是最后一句的總結(jié)內(nèi)容，對(duì)本段第二句到第四句的對(duì)比結(jié)構(gòu)給出了明確的確定性的觀點(diǎn)，且本身帶有比較結(jié)構(gòu)（more stressed），適合設(shè)置細(xì)節(jié)題正確選項(xiàng)。 But its not just a gender thing. At work, people pretty much know what they’re su

8、pposed to be doing: working, making money, doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure: Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola. 本段首句給出抽象觀點(diǎn)：這不僅僅是性別的問(wèn)題。第二句+第三句指出工作場(chǎng)合下人們的目標(biāo)很明確——付出勞動(dòng)獲得酬勞（working, making mo

9、ney）。 從考點(diǎn)設(shè)置來(lái)說(shuō)，本段首句為抽象觀點(diǎn)，不適合考察。第三句帶有冒號(hào)，對(duì)第二句進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的解釋說(shuō)明，可以在二三兩句話(huà)之間設(shè)置細(xì)節(jié)題考點(diǎn)。重點(diǎn)是第三句話(huà)內(nèi)容。 On the home front, however, people have no such clarity. Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a lot of tasks to be done, there are inadequate rewa

10、rds for most of them. Your home colleagues-your family-have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be talked into it, or if they re teenagers, threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices. Plus, they re your family. You cannot fire your family. You never really get to go home f

11、rom home. 本段首句明確與上段二三兩句構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折：人們?cè)诩抑械哪康男跃筒幻鞔_了。第二句到本段結(jié)束為對(duì)首句內(nèi)容的進(jìn)一步解釋:家務(wù)分工一般很難明確，（Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out），家務(wù)繁重且報(bào)酬很少（ a lot of tasks to be done, there are inadequate rewards），你也不能因?yàn)樗麄兏傻貌缓枚阉麄兘o開(kāi)除了（You cannot fire your family）。 從考點(diǎn)設(shè)置來(lái)

12、說(shuō)，本段首句與上段形成對(duì)比，從第二句開(kāi)始對(duì)首句的no such clarity進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步解釋?zhuān)攸c(diǎn)對(duì)本段第二句開(kāi)始到最后一句的內(nèi)容中進(jìn)行考察?？梢栽O(shè)置相應(yīng)的細(xì)節(jié)題。 So its not surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are the tasks apparently infinite, the co-workers are much harder to motivate. 本段首句+第二句對(duì)之前內(nèi)容進(jìn)行總結(jié)。 從考點(diǎn)設(shè)置來(lái)說(shuō)，本段不存在新觀點(diǎn)，不具備考察的條件。 21.According to Pa

13、ragraph 1，most previous surveys found that home [A]was an unrealistic place for relaxation [B]generated more stress than the workplace [C]was an ideal place for stress measurement [D]offered greater relaxation than the workplace 試題類(lèi)型：事實(shí)信息題 解題思路：通過(guò)題干most previous surveys定位到原文首段第一句。本題考

14、察的是大部分之前的調(diào)查的觀點(diǎn)，而原文首段第一句指出，一個(gè)和絕大部分之前調(diào)查相反（contrary to）的新研究指出（new study），人們?cè)诩抑斜裙ぷ髦写嬖诟蟮膲毫Α７催^(guò)來(lái)說(shuō)，原先的大部分研究都是認(rèn)為在家中不如工作中的壓力大，因此選項(xiàng)D（家庭可以提供更大的舒適度）是正確的。 干擾排除：選項(xiàng)A指出家庭不適合放松，而B(niǎo)指出家庭會(huì)產(chǎn)生更多的壓力，都是和原文首句內(nèi)容相反的信息，可以直接排除。而選項(xiàng)C在原文首段并沒(méi)有提到，可以直接排除。 22.According to Damaske， who are likely to be the happiest at home? [A]Workin

15、g mothers [B]Childless husbands [C] Childless wives [D]Working fathers 試題類(lèi)型：事實(shí)信息題 解題思路：通過(guò)題干人名Damaske定位到文章第二段，本題考察的是在家中感覺(jué)最快樂(lè)的人是誰(shuí)。通過(guò)第二段的語(yǔ)篇分析，本段中最重要內(nèi)容應(yīng)該是帶有帶有并列結(jié)構(gòu)的兩個(gè)觀點(diǎn)。前一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)是男人比女人在家中更開(kāi)心。之后的并列內(nèi)容（another）中句內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)折之后指出沒(méi)有小孩的夫妻（non-parent）比有小孩的夫妻更開(kāi)心，綜合起來(lái)，最開(kāi)心的自然就應(yīng)該是沒(méi)有小孩的丈夫在家中是最為開(kāi)心的，因此選項(xiàng)B是正確的。 干擾排除：通過(guò)本段倒數(shù)第二句

16、明確沒(méi)有小孩的夫妻是更快樂(lè)的，所以選項(xiàng)A和D可以快速排除，選項(xiàng)B和C要依靠本段第二句的Damaske的引號(hào)內(nèi)的觀點(diǎn)來(lái)進(jìn)行排除，C是錯(cuò)誤的，妻子在工作中更加的快樂(lè)而不是家庭中。 23 The blurring of working women’s roles refers to the fact they [A]they are both bread winners and housewives [B]their home is also a place for kicking back [C]there is often much housework left behind

17、 [D]it is difficult for them to leave their office 試題類(lèi)型：通過(guò)題干中的blurring of working women’s roles定位到原文第三段中的最后一句。題干考察的是工作女性模糊的角色意味著什么。而原文定位點(diǎn)當(dāng)句的the blurring of working women提示在本句之前已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)對(duì)這種模糊角色的解釋性的信息（the是定冠詞，其后名詞沒(méi)有定語(yǔ)做解釋時(shí)，往往意味著之前已經(jīng)提到相關(guān)內(nèi)容），而本段倒數(shù)第二句指出妻子不光要在外工作（work outside home）,還要在家里繼續(xù)承擔(dān)家務(wù)（playing catch-u

18、p-with-household tasks）。等同于選項(xiàng)A中的bread winner（依靠工作獲得收入）and housewives(家庭主婦)。 干擾排除：選項(xiàng)B對(duì)應(yīng)的是本段第二句，原文大意是男性可以在一天工作結(jié)束后休息（kick back），而不是女性，所以B出現(xiàn)指代錯(cuò)誤。選項(xiàng)C對(duì)應(yīng)本段最后一句中的home front lags well behind the workplace in making adjustments（女性面對(duì)的家務(wù)的調(diào)整空間比面對(duì)工作時(shí)少的多），并不等同于還有很多家務(wù)留給女性去面對(duì)，所以C可以排除。選項(xiàng)D的內(nèi)容在原文中并沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)，可以直接排除。 24.The

19、 word moola(Line 4， 4)most probably means [A]energy [B]skills [C]earnings [D]nutrition 試題類(lèi)型：詞匯題 解題思路：通過(guò)題干定位到文章第四段。Moola所在單句中存在并列結(jié)構(gòu)，大意是員工付出體力和精力來(lái)?yè)Q取維持生活的moola。根據(jù)常識(shí)可以判斷大意應(yīng)該是“酬勞，薪水”之類(lèi)的意思。而在上一句中，出現(xiàn)和本句draws out life-sustaining moola基本一樣的結(jié)構(gòu)：draw an income。因此確定答案應(yīng)該是和income相關(guān)的內(nèi)容，選項(xiàng)C是正確的。 干擾排除：

20、選項(xiàng)A，B和D與原文大意差距太大，可以直接排除，此題只要抓住并列結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)考生并不會(huì)產(chǎn)生太大的難度。 25.The home front differs from the workplace in that [A]home is hardly a cozier working environment [B]division of labor at home is seldom clear-cut [C]household tasks are generally more motivating [D]family labor is often adequately re

21、warded 試題類(lèi)型：事實(shí)信息題 解題思路：通過(guò)順序原則直接定位到文章第五段（題干考察的是家庭和公司的不同之處，文章最后一段內(nèi)容太少，出現(xiàn)正確選項(xiàng)的概率非常低，因此第五段為重點(diǎn)閱讀段落）。通過(guò)第五段的語(yǔ)篇分析，本段首句首先通過(guò)however與上段形成轉(zhuǎn)折（在家中人們就沒(méi)有這么明確的目標(biāo)了）。第二句利用否定結(jié)構(gòu)（rare）展開(kāi)首句內(nèi)容（面對(duì)家務(wù)問(wèn)題很難像面對(duì)工作那樣冷靜的有條不紊的進(jìn)行分工）。第三句開(kāi)始直到最后一句都是在描述第二句的內(nèi)容——家庭成員會(huì)因?yàn)楠?jiǎng)勵(lì)不夠，不會(huì)被開(kāi)除等等因素而對(duì)家務(wù)活消極懈怠。因此選項(xiàng)B是正確的，B中的division是貫穿本段的內(nèi)容。 干擾排除：選項(xiàng)C和D都是對(duì)

22、家務(wù)勞動(dòng)的正面評(píng)價(jià)（C指出家務(wù)活更能激勵(lì)人，D指出家人總是能夠因?yàn)樽黾覄?wù)得到足夠的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)）。原文第五段明確指出there are inadequate rewards for most of them（獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)是不夠的），而第六段最后指出the co-workers（暗指family labor） are much harder to motivate（很難激勵(lì)他們），因此選項(xiàng)C和D都可以排除。選項(xiàng)A指出家庭不是一個(gè)舒適的工作環(huán)境，這點(diǎn)在文章中沒(méi)有明確指出，更不要說(shuō)這是家庭和公司之間的不同，可以直接排除。 Text 2 For years, studies have found that

23、 first-generation college students—those who do not have a parent with a college degree-lag other students on a range of education achievement factors. Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher. But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher

24、 education, colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them. This has created "a paradox" in that recruiting first-generation students, but then watching many of them fail, means that higher education has continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close achievement gap b

25、ased on social class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science. 本段首句提出觀點(diǎn)——第一代大學(xué)生們的學(xué)業(yè)成績(jī)相對(duì)父母是大學(xué)生的二代大學(xué)生更低（lag other students on a range of education achievement factors）。第二句繼續(xù)指出他們的分?jǐn)?shù)更低而且退學(xué)率更高。第三句通過(guò)轉(zhuǎn)折結(jié)構(gòu)指出大學(xué)幾年來(lái)更多的招收這類(lèi)學(xué)生（因?yàn)橐坏┧麄兺瓿蓪W(xué)業(yè)將來(lái)在經(jīng)濟(jì)上會(huì)有更大的成功）。最后

26、一句為長(zhǎng)難句，與第三句再次構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，給出專(zhuān)家觀點(diǎn)：高等教育在進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大社會(huì)階層間的差距，而不是縮?。?higher education has continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close achievement gap based on social class）。 從考點(diǎn)設(shè)置來(lái)說(shuō)，本段最重要的考點(diǎn)結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)該是最后一句（長(zhǎng)難句+人物觀點(diǎn)+句內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)折+句內(nèi)否定），可針對(duì)本句進(jìn)行細(xì)節(jié)題正確選項(xiàng)的設(shè)置。 But the article is actually quite optimistic, as it outlines a

27、 potential solution to this problem, suggesting that an approach(which involves a one-hour, next-to-no-cost program) can close 63 percent of the achievement gap(measured by such factors as grades)between first-generation and other students. 本段單句提出相反觀點(diǎn)：研究也樂(lè)觀的給出了解決問(wèn)題的方案，可以有效的縮小一代大學(xué)生同其他人間的差距（但是沒(méi)有指

28、出該方案是什么，很大可能在下一段展開(kāi)）。 從考點(diǎn)設(shè)置來(lái)說(shuō)，本段為帶有原因（as）的長(zhǎng)難句，可以針對(duì)原因部分設(shè)置細(xì)節(jié)題。 The authors of the paper are from different universities, and their findings are based on a study involving 147 students(who completed the project)at an unnamed private university.First generation was defined as not having a parent

29、with a four-year college degree Most of the first-generation students(59.1 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants，a federal grant for undergraduates with financial need，while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students wit at least one parent with a four-year degree. 本段首句介紹了報(bào)告的背景（調(diào)查對(duì)象，報(bào)告人信息

30、）。第二句對(duì)一代大學(xué)生做出定義。第三句為長(zhǎng)難句，介紹了一代大學(xué)生獲得助學(xué)金的概率要大于非一代大學(xué)生。 從考點(diǎn)設(shè)置來(lái)說(shuō)，本段第三句雖然存在數(shù)據(jù)，但是是對(duì)一代大學(xué)生和非一代大學(xué)生的區(qū)別比較（是否能夠獲得助學(xué)金），屬于考點(diǎn)結(jié)構(gòu)可以設(shè)置正確選項(xiàng)。 Their thesis-that a relatively modest intervention could have a big impact-was based on the view that first-generation students may be most lacking not in potential but in practi

31、cal knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students They cite past research by several authors to show that this is the gap that must be narrowed to close the achievement gap. 本段首句為長(zhǎng)難句（帶有句內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)折），重要內(nèi)容是most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to dea

32、l with the issues（一代大學(xué)生最缺乏的是應(yīng)對(duì)問(wèn)題的實(shí)踐知識(shí)）。第二句承接首句指出必須要縮小這種差距而避免未來(lái)成就上差距的加大。 從考點(diǎn)設(shè)置來(lái)說(shuō)，本段首句為長(zhǎng)難句+句內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)折，屬于重要考點(diǎn)結(jié)構(gòu)，可以設(shè)置正確選項(xiàng)。 Many first-generation students struggle to navigate the middle-class culture of higher education，learn the rules of the game，and take advantage of college resources, they write And this

33、 becomes more of a problem when collages don’t talk about the class advantage and disadvantages of different groups of students Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students educational experience，many first-gene ration students lack sight about why the

34、y a re struggling and do not understand how students like them can improve. 本段首句描述了一代大學(xué)生的努力：學(xué)習(xí)中產(chǎn)階級(jí)文化以及游戲規(guī)則，利用大學(xué)資源。第二句指出了目前大學(xué)存在的問(wèn)題：不會(huì)和學(xué)生談?wù)撾A級(jí)的利弊問(wèn)題。第三句進(jìn)一步指出帶來(lái)的問(wèn)題：因?yàn)楹芏啻髮W(xué)不愿意承認(rèn)階級(jí)對(duì)學(xué)生教育經(jīng)歷的影響，所以一代大學(xué)生們對(duì)如何提高自身無(wú)從下手。 從考點(diǎn)設(shè)置來(lái)說(shuō)，本段最后一句的為帶有原因的長(zhǎng)難句，適合設(shè)置細(xì)節(jié)題的正確選項(xiàng)。 26. Recruiting more first-generation students has

35、 [A]reduced their dropout rates [B]narrowed the achievement gap [C] missed its original purpose [D]depressed college students 試題類(lèi)型：事實(shí)信息題 解題思路：通過(guò)題干中的Recruiting more first-generation students定位到文章首段第三句recruit more of them。本題考察的是錄取更多第一代大學(xué)生會(huì)造成的后果。根據(jù)語(yǔ)篇分析，本段最重要內(nèi)容應(yīng)該是第四句的長(zhǎng)難句，句中存在rather than的結(jié)構(gòu)，

36、重要大意是這樣做會(huì)拉大（widen）而不是縮小（close）第一代大學(xué)生和非第一代大學(xué)生之間的成就差距（gap）。這與大學(xué)本身的目的是相違背的（通過(guò)第三句可知本意是幫助這些第一代大學(xué)生）。因此選項(xiàng)C是正確的。 干擾排除：通過(guò)分析可以知道，大學(xué)這樣做帶來(lái)的影響是偏負(fù)面的，而選項(xiàng)A（降低退學(xué)率），B（拉近兩者間的差距）都是偏正面的，可以直接排除。選項(xiàng)D源自本段最后一句中的depressing beginning of a paper,原文本意并沒(méi)有談到大學(xué)生很抑郁，所以D屬于未提及選項(xiàng)，可以直接排除。 27 The author of the research article are opti

37、mistic because [A]the problem is solvable [B]their approach is costless [C] the recruiting rate has increased [D]their finding appeals to students 試題類(lèi)型：事實(shí)信息題 解題思路：通過(guò)題干中的optimistic可以定位到第二段首句。本題考察的是研究者樂(lè)觀的原因。第二段首句的后半句中as為原因狀語(yǔ)的引導(dǎo)詞，當(dāng)中明確指出樂(lè)觀的原因是有一個(gè)針對(duì)上述問(wèn)題的潛在的解決方案（potential solution），因此選項(xiàng)A是正確的

38、。 干擾排除：選項(xiàng)B對(duì)應(yīng)本段括號(hào)內(nèi)的內(nèi)容，其中確實(shí)提到方案基本沒(méi)有成本（next to no cost），但是這個(gè)方案只是整個(gè)approach中的一環(huán)，并沒(méi)有說(shuō)整個(gè)solution都是沒(méi)有成本的，所以B可以排除。選項(xiàng)C在原文并沒(méi)出現(xiàn)，可以直接排除。選項(xiàng)D同樣在文中沒(méi)有提到，可以直接排除。 28 The study suggests that most first-generation students [A]study at private universities [B]are from single-parent families [C] are in nee

39、d of financial support [D]have failed their collage 試題類(lèi)型：事實(shí)信息題 解題思路：通過(guò)順序原則判斷定位段在第三段，題干中的most first-generation students定位在本段的最后一句。通過(guò)語(yǔ)篇分析，本句while部分與前半句構(gòu)成對(duì)比關(guān)系，while內(nèi)談到的不是一代學(xué)生生，只需要看前半句。當(dāng)中指出一代大學(xué)生都獲得了資金資助（grant for financial need），可以直接對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)C。 干擾排除：選項(xiàng)A對(duì)應(yīng)本段首句中的unnamed private university,只是調(diào)查的一個(gè)范本，并不等同于都是

40、在私立大學(xué)讀書(shū)，可以排除選項(xiàng)A。選項(xiàng)B的single-parent families源自本段最后一句中的one parent with a four year degree,實(shí)際上兩者所指內(nèi)容完全不同（前者是單親家庭，后者是至少父母一方接受四年大學(xué)教育），所以B可以排除。選項(xiàng)D在本段沒(méi)有提及，可以直接排除。 29. The author of the paper believe that first-generation students [A]are actually indifferent to the achievement gap [B]can have a pote

41、ntial influence on other students [C] may lack opportunities to apply for research projects [D]are inexperienced in handling their issues at college 試題類(lèi)型：觀點(diǎn)題 解題思路：通過(guò)順序原則判斷本題對(duì)應(yīng)文章第四段。通過(guò)語(yǔ)篇分析，本段首句為長(zhǎng)難句且當(dāng)中存在轉(zhuǎn)折結(jié)構(gòu)，轉(zhuǎn)折后指出一代大學(xué)生缺乏應(yīng)對(duì)絕大多數(shù)大學(xué)生都會(huì)面對(duì)的問(wèn)題的能力（but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issu

42、es that face most college students）。選項(xiàng)D中的inexperienced對(duì)應(yīng)lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge，所以選項(xiàng)D是正確的。 干擾排除：選項(xiàng)A的achievement gap在本段第二句提到，但是文中沒(méi)有說(shuō)一代大學(xué)生是否對(duì)此漠不關(guān)心，可以直接排除。選項(xiàng)B的potential源自本段首句，但是原文沒(méi)有提到對(duì)其他學(xué)生存在潛在影響的內(nèi)容，也可以直接排除。選項(xiàng)C雖然帶有may，但是本段完全沒(méi)有提到，所以可以直接排除。 30.We may infer from the last graph

43、 that [A]universities often reject the culture of the middle-class [B]students are usually to blame for their lack of resources [C]social class greatly helps enrich educational experiences [D]colleges are partly responsible for the problem in question 試題類(lèi)型：推論題 解題思路：通過(guò)題干定位到最后一段。在沒(méi)有更加明

44、確的定位點(diǎn)時(shí)，優(yōu)先閱讀本段的重點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)內(nèi)容，正確選項(xiàng)往往在其中。通過(guò)語(yǔ)篇分析，本段最后一句帶有因果關(guān)系和否定結(jié)構(gòu)（seldom），是重要的考點(diǎn)，大意是美國(guó)的大學(xué)都不愿意承認(rèn)社會(huì)階級(jí)對(duì)學(xué)生的教育經(jīng)歷的影響，導(dǎo)致很多一代大學(xué)生表現(xiàn)不佳無(wú)法提高。暗指第一代大學(xué)生會(huì)面臨這樣的困境很大程度上是因?yàn)榇髮W(xué)沒(méi)有對(duì)他們給出足夠的指導(dǎo)，因此選項(xiàng)D是正確的。 干擾排除：選項(xiàng)A的middle class對(duì)應(yīng)本段首句，原文大意是很多一代大學(xué)生追求中產(chǎn)階級(jí)文化，而沒(méi)有提到大學(xué)抵觸中產(chǎn)階級(jí)文化，所以A可以排除。選項(xiàng)B的resource也是出自本段第一句，但是原文并沒(méi)有指出學(xué)生缺乏資源且他們自己要為其負(fù)責(zé)，B可以排除。選項(xiàng)C

45、對(duì)應(yīng)本段最后一句，原文指出社會(huì)階層會(huì)影響到學(xué)生的教育經(jīng)歷，并不等于可以極大的豐富學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)歷，因此選項(xiàng)C可以排除。 Text3 Even in traditional offices，the lingua franca of corporate America has gotten much more emotional and much more right-brained than it was 20 years ago， said Harvard Business School professor Nancy Koehn She started spinning off exampl

46、es.If you and I parachuted back to Fortune 500 companies in 1990，we would see much less frequent use of terms like Journey, mission,passion. There were goals，there were strategies，there were objectives，but we didn’t talk about energy；we didn’t talk about passion. 本段首句提出Nancy Koehn的觀點(diǎn)：相對(duì)于過(guò)去，傳統(tǒng)辦公室語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)

47、在更加的情緒化和感性化（more right-brained）。第二句到第四句開(kāi)始進(jìn)行舉例：現(xiàn)在常見(jiàn)的辦公室語(yǔ)言（旅行，使命，激情）在過(guò)去不常見(jiàn)（過(guò)去是目標(biāo)，戰(zhàn)略，目的）。 從考點(diǎn)設(shè)置來(lái)說(shuō)，本段首句和其后內(nèi)容構(gòu)成了總分關(guān)系，第二句到最后一句更多的功能是解釋首句中的more right-brained。所以首句是一個(gè)很好的正確選項(xiàng)的出題點(diǎn)。 Koehn pointed out that this new era of corporate vocabulary is very team-oriented—and not by coincidence.Lets not forget sports

48、—in male-dominated corporate America，its still a big deal. Its not explicitly conscious；its the idea that I’m a coach，and you’re my team，and were in this together. There are lots and lots of CEOs in very different companies，but most think of themselves as coaches and this is their team and they want

49、 to win. 本段首句提出Koehn的觀點(diǎn)：這種現(xiàn)象的出現(xiàn)并非偶然，而是源于團(tuán)體感（team-oriented）。第二句解釋了團(tuán)體感出現(xiàn)的原因：體育給美國(guó)人帶來(lái)團(tuán)隊(duì)感。第三句+第四句進(jìn)一步解釋了體育培養(yǎng)公司團(tuán)隊(duì)感的現(xiàn)象：公司領(lǐng)導(dǎo)會(huì)把自己看作是團(tuán)隊(duì)的教練，并且鼓勵(lì)自己的隊(duì)員去爭(zhēng)取勝利。 從考點(diǎn)設(shè)置來(lái)說(shuō)，本段第二句與后兩句之間構(gòu)成觀點(diǎn)+道理論證的總分結(jié)構(gòu)，而且第二句對(duì)第一句描述的現(xiàn)象的產(chǎn)生做了解釋?zhuān)缘诙錇橹匾键c(diǎn)內(nèi)容，可以設(shè)置相應(yīng)的選項(xiàng)。 These terms are also intended to infuse work with meaning—and，as Khurana

50、 points out，increase allegiance to the firm.You have the importation of terminology that historically used to be associated with non-profit organizations and religious organizations：Terms like vision，values，passion，and purpose，said Khurana. 本段首句繼續(xù)提出Khurana的觀點(diǎn)：這些術(shù)語(yǔ)可以增加員工的忠誠(chéng)度。第二句+第三句解釋了原因：過(guò)去這些術(shù)語(yǔ)大量被運(yùn)用

51、于非營(yíng)利性或宗教組織（這些組織的成員忠誠(chéng)度是非常高的，因此在公司使用這些屬于也可以增加員工的忠誠(chéng)度）。 從考點(diǎn)設(shè)置來(lái)說(shuō)，本段首句與二三兩句間構(gòu)成了觀點(diǎn)+解釋的總分結(jié)構(gòu)，類(lèi)似于上一段，同樣本段首句為重要考點(diǎn)內(nèi)容，可以設(shè)置正確選項(xiàng)。 This new focus on personal fulfillment can help keep employees motivated amid increasingly loud debates over work-life balance The mommy wars of the 1990s a re still going on tod

52、ay, prompting arguments about why women still can’t have it all and books like Sheryl Sandbergs Lean In，whose title has become a buzzword in its own right. Terms like unplug，offline，life-hack，bandwidth，and capacity are all about setting boundaries between the office and the home But if your work is

53、your passion, you’ll be more likely to devote yourself to it，even if that means going home for dinner and then working long after the kids are in bed。 本段首句給出觀點(diǎn)：這種個(gè)人成就感的實(shí)現(xiàn)可以產(chǎn)生激勵(lì)作用。第二句給出“The mommy wars”作為例證，支持現(xiàn)代辦公室用語(yǔ)可以幫助女性思考她們需要什么。第三句+第四句證明辦公室用語(yǔ)的效果：盡管存在很多類(lèi)似“拔插頭”，“離線(xiàn)”等將家庭和工作區(qū)分開(kāi)的術(shù)語(yǔ)，但是如果真的熱愛(ài)工作，則會(huì)家庭工作兩頭兼

54、顧。 從考點(diǎn)設(shè)置來(lái)說(shuō)，本段最重要內(nèi)容應(yīng)該是首句觀點(diǎn)（現(xiàn)代辦公室用語(yǔ)可以激勵(lì)人）。包括第三句+第四句也是用來(lái)舉例支持首句的。但是本題最終選擇第二句的細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行考察，原因是第一句觀點(diǎn)已經(jīng)在之前的段落中進(jìn)行考察，所以本段只能選擇一個(gè)非主旨類(lèi)的信息考察。 But this seems to be the irony of office speak：Everyone makes fun of it，but managers love it，companies depend on it，and regular people willingly absorb it. As Nunberg sai

55、d, “You can get people to think its nonsense at the same time that you buy into it.” In a workplace that’s fundamentally indifferent to your life and its meaning office speak can help you figure out how you relate to your work—and how your work defines who you are. 本段首句給出結(jié)論性觀點(diǎn)：辦公室用語(yǔ)是很重要的。第二句給出Nunbe

56、rg的觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行支持：人們雖然覺(jué)得不可思議卻會(huì)接受它。最后一句總結(jié)指出：辦公室用語(yǔ)可以找到你和工作之間或的聯(lián)系，并且能定義你工作中的角色。 從考點(diǎn)設(shè)置來(lái)說(shuō)，本段首句的轉(zhuǎn)折和第二句的人物觀點(diǎn)屬于重要考點(diǎn)結(jié)構(gòu)，可以設(shè)置細(xì)節(jié)題或人物觀點(diǎn)題的正確選項(xiàng)。 31. According to Nancy Koehn, office language has become [A]more emotional [B]more objective [C]less energetic [D]less strategic 試題類(lèi)型：事實(shí)信息題 解題思路：通過(guò)題干人名定位到第一段，

57、考察的是辦公室語(yǔ)言的變化。本段首句即為Nancy的觀點(diǎn)，當(dāng)中的the lingua franca等同于題干中的language，其觀點(diǎn)是辦公室語(yǔ)言相對(duì)于過(guò)去更加的情緒化（并列的后半部分的much more right-brained也是暗指更加的情緒化）。而第二句開(kāi)始是舉例（Journey, mission,passion都是現(xiàn)在辦公室用語(yǔ)，都是充滿(mǎn)情緒化的詞匯）。因此選項(xiàng)A是正確的。 干擾排除：選項(xiàng)B，C和D都是出自本段舉例中的內(nèi)容，各自都是表現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代辦公室用于和過(guò)去的區(qū)別的例子，而非觀點(diǎn)性?xún)?nèi)容，所以都可以排除。 32. “Team”-oriented corporate vocabula

58、ry is closely related to [A]historical incidents [B]gender difference [C]sports culture [D]athletic executives 試題類(lèi)型：事實(shí)信息題 解題思路：通過(guò)題干中的“Team”-oriented corporate vocabulary定位到文章第二段第一句。首句指出辦公室用語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在以團(tuán)隊(duì)為導(dǎo)向的方式并不是偶然（not by coincidence）。第二句用祈使句指出這和體育是有關(guān)系的。第三句開(kāi)始連續(xù)出現(xiàn)coach，team等詞匯，以道理論證的方式指出團(tuán)隊(duì)

59、以及領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人在美國(guó)公司文化中的重要性。因此選項(xiàng)C是正確的。 干擾排除：選項(xiàng)A和B在第二段中并沒(méi)提到，可以直接排除。選項(xiàng)D是對(duì)本段中的coach一詞的引申，但是屬于對(duì)coach的字面意義的理解，原文并不是說(shuō)運(yùn)動(dòng)員類(lèi)的管理人員，而是指由coach（領(lǐng)導(dǎo)）所帶領(lǐng)的團(tuán)隊(duì)（team），因此D也可以排除。 33.Khurana believes that the importation of terminology aims to [A]revive historical terms [B]promote company image [C]foster corporate coop

60、eration [D]strengthen employee loyalty 試題類(lèi)型：觀點(diǎn)題 解題思路：通過(guò)題干人名定位到原文第三段第二句。題目考察的是引入術(shù)語(yǔ)的目的是什么。第三段首句就指出這樣做可以提高雇員對(duì)公司的忠誠(chéng)度（increase allegiance to the firm）。雖然第二句沒(méi)有明確提到忠誠(chéng)度這個(gè)內(nèi)容，但是句中的vision，value，passion等都是常見(jiàn)的讓員工和公司價(jià)值觀保持一致的習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)。第二句其實(shí)是對(duì)首句做道理論證。因此選項(xiàng)D是正確的。 干擾排除：選項(xiàng)A對(duì)應(yīng)第三段第二句中的historically used to be associated wi

61、th non-profit organizations and religious organizations（歷史上都是和宗教組織和無(wú)盈利組織相關(guān)的），并沒(méi)有提到要revive（復(fù)興），因此選項(xiàng)A是未提及選項(xiàng)可以排除。選項(xiàng)B在本段并沒(méi)有提及，可以直接排除。選項(xiàng)C的合作精神等同于第二段中的team，但是并不是Khurana的觀點(diǎn)，因此C可以排除。 34.It can be inferred that Lean In [A]voices for working women [B]appeals to passionate workaholics [C]trigge

62、rs debates among mommies [D]praises motivated employees 試題類(lèi)型：推論題 解題思路：通過(guò)題干的Lean In可以定位到第四段第二句。第四段首句指出個(gè)人成就的實(shí)現(xiàn)（personal fulfillment）可以幫助員工找到生活和工作的平衡，而第二句接著指出始于九零年代的“媽媽?xiě)?zhàn)爭(zhēng)”今天還在持續(xù)著并且推動(dòng)著女性思考為何她們不能擁有一切。之后的并列結(jié)構(gòu)中出現(xiàn)Lean In，無(wú)論當(dāng)中內(nèi)容是什么，必然和女權(quán)是有關(guān)系的，只有選項(xiàng)A明確提到這點(diǎn)，所以A必然是正確的。 干擾排除：選項(xiàng)B的工作狂（workaholics）在本段內(nèi)并沒(méi)有提到，而且原文

63、也沒(méi)有明確指出Lean In會(huì)吸引工作狂，所以B可以排除。選項(xiàng)C的debate和mommies分別對(duì)應(yīng)本段首句和第二句的單詞，是拼湊出來(lái)的選項(xiàng)，原文并沒(méi)提到媽媽間有爭(zhēng)論，所以可以直接排除。選項(xiàng)D的praise在Lean In中也沒(méi)有提到，可以直接排除。 35.Which of the following statements is true about office speak? [A]Managers admire it but avoid it [B]Linguists believe it to be nonsense [C]Companies find it to be fun

64、damental [D]Regular people mock it but accept it 試題類(lèi)型：事實(shí)信息題 解題思路：通過(guò)題干中的office speak定位到文章最后一段的首句。通過(guò)語(yǔ)篇分析，本段最重要內(nèi)容應(yīng)該是Nunberg的觀點(diǎn)（一方面人們覺(jué)得這是莫名其妙的另一方面又愿意接受它），因此選項(xiàng)D是完全對(duì)應(yīng)的。 干擾排除：本段首句轉(zhuǎn)折之后明確指出經(jīng)理們是很喜歡office speak的，與選項(xiàng)A矛盾，A可以直接排除。選項(xiàng)B在本段并沒(méi)有提到，可以直接排除。選項(xiàng)C對(duì)應(yīng)本段最后一句，原文大意是對(duì)你生活和經(jīng)歷漠不關(guān)心的公司（a workplace that’s fundamenta

65、lly indifferent to your life and its meaning），和選項(xiàng)C大意完全不同，C屬于未提及選項(xiàng)可以直接排除。 Text 4 Many people talked of the 288,000 new jobs the Labor Department reported for June, along with the drop in the unemployment take to 6.1 percent, as good news. And they were right. For now it appears the economy i

66、s creating jobs at a decent pace. We still have a long way to go to get back to full employment, but at least we are now finally moving forward at a faster pace. 首段首句+第二句通過(guò)數(shù)據(jù)羅列給出事實(shí)：就業(yè)人數(shù)在增加，失業(yè)率在下降。第三句+第四句對(duì)前兩句的事實(shí)進(jìn)行了肯定：經(jīng)濟(jì)在恢復(fù)，雖然距離充分就業(yè)狀態(tài)還有距離，但是我們?cè)诩铀偾斑M(jìn)著。 從考點(diǎn)設(shè)置來(lái)說(shuō)，本段主要圍繞著就業(yè)恢復(fù)這一事實(shí)展開(kāi)討論。但因?yàn)榈诙问拙涑霈F(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折，所以本段不存在重要的觀點(diǎn)，可以不設(shè)置相應(yīng)的考題。 However there is another important part of the jobs picture that was largely overlooked. There was a big jump in the number of people who report voluntarily working part-time. T