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1、非謂語動詞是高中三年乃至以后的英語學習中都非常重要的內(nèi)容，在高中階段性考試和重要考試中占較大分值的比重。
非謂語動詞是指分詞（包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞）、不定式、動名詞等三種形式，即：doing , done , to do , doing 。
當然它們有各自不同的變化形式，如：
現(xiàn)在分詞 doing : 有being done（被動式） ; having done （完成式）; having been done （完成被動式）
不定式 to do : 有to be done （被動式）; to have done （完成式）; to be doing（進行式）
動名詞 doi
2、ng : 有having done（完成式）; being done（被動式） ; having been done （完成被動式）
非謂語動詞的特點： 三種非謂語動詞都具有動詞的特征，雖然它們沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，但是它們都能帶自己的狀語或有時跟賓語。具體來講：分詞在句子中可以做定語、表語、狀語或補足語等；動名詞在句子中可以做主語、賓語、表語、定語等；不定式在句子中可以做主語、賓語、表語、定語、補足語或狀語。
下面分別對三種非謂語動詞進行講解：
一、動詞不定式
先看幾個例句，判斷不定式在句中的成分。
1．To learn a foreign languageis difficult
3、.作主語
2． His wish isto be a driver. 作表語
3．Tom wantedto have a cup of beer.作賓語
4．The teacher told usto do morning exercises . 作賓語補足語
5．I have nothingto say.作定語
6．They wentto see their aunt. 目的狀語
7．It’s easyto see their aunt.作真正主語，it做形式主語
8．I don’t knowwhat to do next.帶有連接代詞的動詞不定式作賓語
9．I heard
4、themmake a noise.不帶to 的動詞不定式作賓語補足語
掌握動詞不定式應注意的幾個問題：
1.“to” 是不定式符號還是介詞，下列短語中的to 都是介詞。
agree to object to close to , come to , lead to , refer to ,
equal to , familiar to , point to , thank to , devote to , next
to , belong to , be used to , look forward to
2． 帶to 還是不帶to
I have no choice but
5、to give in
I cannot do anything but give in
I saw him enter the classroom .
但是： He was seen to enter the classroom .（被動語態(tài)中必須還原to）
3． 動詞不定式邏輯主語是由for 作為標記的。但是有時用of .
It’s necessary for you to study hard 。表物的特征
It’s foolish of him to do it . 表人的特點
4．后接不定式作賓語的動詞有：
want , hope , wish , like , b
6、egin , try , need , forget , agree , know , promise , teach , refuse , help , arrange , dare ,
decide , determine , fail , manage , offer , prepare , continue , ask , mean , choose , expect etc.
需要賓語補足語的動詞不能用動詞不定式直接做介詞的賓語，而要用it做形式賓語。例如:通常不說We think to obey the laws is important . 而說We think it imp
7、ortant to obey the laws .
5．不定式的省略。下列短語中，如果意義明確常常省略到to 。
want to , wish to ,hope to , like to , hate to , plan to , try to , love to , have to , ought to , need to , used to , be able to
6．不定式作定語，應注意兩種關系：
1）動賓關系：
He has a lot of meeting to attend .
Please lend me something to write with .
H
8、e is looking for a room to live
He is looking for a room to live in .
He has no money and no place to live ( in ) .
I think the best way to travel ( by ) is on foot .
There is no time to think ( about ) .
2）主謂關系：
She is always the last ( person) to speak at the meeting .
---I’m going to the p
9、ost office , forIhave a letter to post . ( 邏輯主語是I )
---Thank you. But I have no letters to be posted now (邏輯主語不是I )
7．不定式作狀語，可以有以下幾種意義：
1） 原因
He is luckyto get here on time.
這種結構中常用的形容詞有：
happy , glad , delighted , pleased , sorry , eager , anxious .
lucky , fortunate , proud , angry surprise
10、d , frightened ,
diappointed , ready , clever , foolish , worthy
2) 目的
He cameto help me with my maths.
3) 結果
I hurried to get thereonly to find him out.
He is old enoughto go to school.
8 . 不定式作補足語
I saw himplayin the street just now .
能跟不帶to 的不定式作補足語的動詞有：
五看： see , look at，watch, observe
11、, notice
兩聽： hear , listen to
三使： let , have make,
一感覺： feel
I saw himenter the classroom.
注: 當這些詞為被動式時，不定式必須要帶to , He was seen to
enter the classroom .
二．動名詞
Learning Englishis very difficult .作主語
學英語非常困難。
His job isdriving a bus. 作表語
他的工作是開車。
I enjoydancing.作動詞賓語
我喜歡跳舞。
I have got
12、used toliving in the country.作介詞賓語
我已經(jīng)習慣了住農(nóng)村。
注意以下幾種結構：
1.Theres no telling what will happen .
2.Its no use talking with him .
3.Its no good speaking to them like that .
4.There’s some difficulty ( in ) doing …
在此句型中,difficulty 可以由以下單詞替換:
trouble , problem , fun , pleasure , a good time ,
13、
a hard time
注意以下幾個問題：
1．下列動詞后跟不定式與跟動名詞作賓語意義有區(qū)別，
forget to do … 忘記要做某事
forget doing… 忘記做了某事
remember to do…記住要做某事
remember doing …記著做了某事
mean to do … 有意要做某事
mean doing … 意味著做了某事
regret to do … 對要做的事表示后悔
regret doing … 對做過去的事后悔
can’t help to do…不能幫助做某事
can’t help doing … 情不自禁做某事
try to d
14、o … 盡力去做某事
try doing 試著做某事
learn to do … 學著去做某事
learn doing … 學會做某事
stop to do … 停下來去做（另一件事）
stop doing … 停止做某事
go on to do … 接著做（另外一件事）
go on doing … 繼續(xù)做某事
used to do … 過去做某事
be used to doing … 習慣做某事
2．動名詞作定語與現(xiàn)在分詞作定語意義有區(qū)別
動名詞作定語表達： n+ for doing 的含義
現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表達： n+which(who) be doing的含義
如
15、：a sleeping car = a car for sleeping
a running horse = a horse which is running
前者是動名詞 ， 后者是現(xiàn)在分詞
又如：drinkingwater ,walkingstickrunningwater ,
sleepingboy
3． 動名詞的邏輯主語：
動名詞的邏輯主語為代詞或名詞的所有格形式。
例如：His comingmade us very happy .
4．動名詞的語態(tài)和時態(tài)
5．動名詞主動形式表被動的情況：
need doing , want doing , require doin
16、g
This roomneeds painting. 這個房間需要粉刷。
6．只能跟動名詞作賓語的動詞：
admit , avoid , advise , consider , delay , deny , enjoy ,
escape , excuse , fancy , finish , complete , forbid , imagine , mind , miss , permit . practise , require , suggest , risk ,keep, take to , look forward to , get down to , feel like ,
17、 cant help , can’t stand , be used to ,insist on , succeed in , set about,
give up , include ,
三． 分詞
1 The story is interesting . I’m interested in it .
這個故事有興趣，我對這個故事感興趣。
2 . This is a moving film .這是一部動人的電影。
3. The secretary worked late into the night ,
preparing a long speech for the pre
18、sident .
秘書工作到深夜，為主席準備一篇長篇演講稿。
4. Given more time , I’ll do it well .
如果給我多一點時間，我會做的更好。
When he passed the back of the street , he saw the thief
stealing some money from the bank .
當他后街時，看到小偷正從銀行偷錢。
應注意的幾個問題：
1．現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別
Do you know the woman talking to Tom ?
= Do you know the woman who
19、 is talking to Tom ?
The soldier wounded in the war has become a doctor.
= The soldier who was wounded in the war has become a doctor.
China is a developing country and America is a developed country.
2．分詞作表語
The news sounds encouraging .
They got very excited .
1）現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作表語的區(qū)別：
The news i
20、s interesting .
He is interested in the news .
doing 作表語，主語與表語是主謂關系，即主動關系 ；done 作表語，主語與表語是動賓關系，即被動關系。
2）表語與被動式的區(qū)別：
The blackboard was broken by Xiao Ming .（強調(diào)動作）
The blackboard is broken . Youd better have it
repaired.（強調(diào)狀態(tài)）
3）常作表語的過去分詞：
amused , injured , covered , known , dressed , lost ,
21、broken , gone , delighted, excited , pleased , satisfied , married ,
worried , surprised , interested , burnt , shut , crowded ,
wounded , drank , done
4）．注意的四種結構：
have something to do 有某事要做
have something done 使某事被做
have somebody do something 使某人做某事
have something doing 讓某事一直做著
5）． 需要跟反身代詞作
22、賓語的動詞：
seat , prepare , hide , dress
如：I seated myself on the chair .
I was seated on the chair .
6）．分詞做狀語與不定式的區(qū)別：
分詞做狀語表示時間、原因、讓步、 條件、方式、伴隨等；而不定式表示目的和結果。
Having finished the homework, I went home . （ 時間）
Being a Party member, I should work hard . （原因）
Given more time,I can do my work better
23、 . （ 條件 ）
He ran out of the classroom ,shouting at the boy. （ 伴隨）
To get more knowledge, we must work harder and harder . ( 目的 )
He is old enoughto join the army. （ 結果）
7）．分詞、動名詞和不定式作定語的區(qū)別
a running horse 現(xiàn)在分詞 = a horse that is running
a fallen leaf 過去分詞 = a leaf that has already fallen
a walking stick 動名詞 = a stick for walking
something to do 不定式 = something that I should do
8）．不定式被動式、分詞的被動式和過去分詞的區(qū)別：
I have a problemto be discussedat the meeting . ( 將來)
The buildingbeing builton the river is the Science Museum . （正在進行）
非謂語動詞 (2)
