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1、第 7 講 讀寫綜合讀寫綜合主要考查考生的英語實(shí)際運(yùn)用能力，它由兩部分組成：A 部分是信息歸納，其形式常為表格、圖片或短文等，要求考生不僅能讀懂文字信息，而且能夠按照一定的要求記錄和篩選信息并填入信息卡中。B 部分是書面表達(dá)，與傳統(tǒng)的書面表達(dá)的要求基本一致，但其內(nèi)容一定要與 A 部分的信息歸納相關(guān)。它要求考生根據(jù)從 A 部分整理出來的信息以及題目的要求和提示，寫一篇語言準(zhǔn)確、文理通順、意思連貫的短文、日記、信件等。一、信息歸納A 部分的信息歸納實(shí)際上就是任務(wù)型閱讀理解，要想做好此部分的題目，必須做到以下幾點(diǎn)：1了解文字信息的大意(主要了解“5w1h”： what, who,when, why,
2、 where 和 how)。2瀏覽題目，確定信息點(diǎn)，并找出信息點(diǎn)所在的句子，或是從全文總結(jié)、歸納出應(yīng)填信息。3確定答案，注意簡潔的同時也要注意書寫的格式(如：字母的大小寫等)。二、書面表達(dá)從近幾年的中考試題來看，書面表達(dá)主要以提示作文為主，即題目中已給考生提供了寫作內(nèi)容，且內(nèi)容一般與考生生活貼近，讓考生能“有話可說”，考生只需進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)恼归_和合理的想象，把規(guī)定的內(nèi)容用英語表達(dá)出來。題目中經(jīng)常要求列舉一件生活中的事情，或描述一件自己身邊的事例，這是本題的難點(diǎn)。書面表達(dá)的寫作內(nèi)容與 A 部分的信息歸納內(nèi)容相關(guān)，所以考生還要注意不能照抄 A 部分的文字信息。從中考作文的評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來看，書面表達(dá)有四點(diǎn)要
3、求：(1)內(nèi)容完整；(2)語句連貫；(3)語法正確；(4)書寫規(guī)范。要想寫好書面表達(dá)，考生可按照以下步驟進(jìn)行：1認(rèn)真審題，把握主題。對于提示作文，考生首先要閱讀寫作內(nèi)容和要求，根據(jù)提示確定要表達(dá)的中心內(nèi)容，從而確定文體和格式。2確定結(jié)構(gòu)，精心選詞。確定了主題之后，考生可根據(jù)提示內(nèi)容，先在草稿紙上列出所寫文章的結(jié)構(gòu)、要點(diǎn)及所需要用到的關(guān)鍵詞、短語和句型。一般來說，提示作文給出的寫作內(nèi)容的順序是合理的，考生可以按照其順序來安排文章。對于題目中的難點(diǎn)列舉或描述生活中的事例，考生也要確定寫哪一件事，若沒有合適的例子，也可以進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)奶摌?gòu)，但要符合常理。同時還要構(gòu)思過渡性的詞句，它們對整篇文章的流暢程度
4、和邏輯性有著重要的作用。3連詞成句，寫成作文。作文所采用的句型宜簡不宜繁，可適當(dāng)插入一些復(fù)合句，建議多用一些經(jīng)典句型來提高作文的檔次。寫作過程中要注意時態(tài)(列舉或描述事例一般用過去時，談?wù)摳邢牖虬l(fā)出呼吁一般用現(xiàn)在時，其他句子要根據(jù)實(shí)際情況選用時態(tài))、語態(tài)、人稱，以及上下文之間的聯(lián)系，要盡量用英語思維組織句子。如遇到有英語提示詞的，不要原封不動地把這些詞和短語串聯(lián)起來，這樣的句子必然詞不達(dá)意。4回頭審讀，修改潤色。最后的檢查是不可缺少的重要環(huán)節(jié)。寫完之后要把文章通讀幾遍，看要點(diǎn)是否齊全，行文是否流暢，詞數(shù)是否符合要求，大小寫、標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號等是否正確。附：書面表達(dá)常用的經(jīng)典句型和短語：Everyone
5、 knowsthat 從句It is well-knownthat 從句 眾所周知Itsadj.for sb.to do 對某人來說做怎么樣It is said/reportedthat 從句據(jù)說/據(jù)報道It reminds methat 從句 它讓我想起The reason why.isthat 從句 的原因是That is because從句 那是因為Why not do/Why dont you do.？為什么不做呢？I think/hope/believe (that).我認(rèn)為/希望/相信Lets do.讓我們做so.that./such.that 如此以至于not.until.直到才
6、had better (not) do 最好(不)做prefer to do A rather than do B 寧愿做 A 也不愿做 Btry ones best to dodo ones best to do 竭盡全力做make up ones mind to do 下定決心做spend time/money (in) doing/on 名詞花 費(fèi) 時 間 / 金 錢做多用于議論文的句型：Just as every coin has two sides, .have both advantages anddisadvantages.Compared to/In comparison wi
7、th., .are more.When it comes to., some people think they have brought us alot of.However.As we know/As is known to all, .have played an importantrole/part in our daily life.多用于書信的句型：Thank you for your letter!How happy I am to receive your letter!How nice to hear from you again.多用于口頭通知或介紹的句型：Ladies a
8、nd gentlemen, may I have your attention, please? Ihave an announcement to make.Attention, please.I have something important to tell you.Mr.Green, welcome to our school.To begin with, let meintroduce Mr.Wang to you.(一)2011 年廣東省初中畢業(yè)生學(xué)業(yè)考試A.信息歸納請閱讀某網(wǎng)站論壇上關(guān)于“地球一小時”的文章，根據(jù)所提供的信息，完成下列表格。From 8:30 pm to 9:30
9、pm on Saturday, March 26th, 2011,a great number of people around the world turned off the lightsfor Earth Hour.It is a bit like an environmentalNew Year, providing a chance to help care for ourearth and make people around the world learn howimportant it is to do that.What can we do during this hour？
10、We can dolots of fun things in the dark, such as planning a candlelightdinner for our family or a group of friends, telling stories andsinging songs with the kids and neighbors.What did you do for Earth Hour this year？Lets share theEarth Hour stories.EmmaI was on one of the mountains near the city a
11、nd tookphotos of my city.It was great to watch the stars andthe moon after a busy day so that I could enjoy thisrelaxing moment.AlbertI work as a waiter in a restaurant.Our restaurant wasstill open even for Earth Hour as we got lots ofreservations (預(yù)定) that night.So we spent the hour working bycandl
12、elight.And guess what？Our customers loved that andpromised to come for next Earth Hour.BrandonI turned off the main power to my house and went fora walk for Earth Hour.It was a little strange to walk inthe dark, but it was only for one hour.Just think of what it musthave been like before the inventi
13、on of the light bulb！MaryI invited my friends who know and support EarthHour activities.We actually had a candlelight concertand we talked about the old happy days that we spent together incollege.The date of Earth Hour in 201181_Alberts job82_What Brandon did when it wasdark83_Who stayed with Mary
14、duringthe hour84_The number of people whotalked about their stories85_Information CardMarch 26thA waiterHe went for a walk.Her friendsFour/4B.書面表達(dá)根據(jù)要求完成短文寫作。你聽說過 Earth Hour 這項活動嗎？今年的 Earth Hour 你是如何度過的？請你寫一篇題為“My Earth Hour 2011”的短文。內(nèi)容包括：1.你今年參加 Earth Hour 這個活動了嗎？請表達(dá)你參加或者沒有參加的心情。2.請描述你當(dāng)時在哪里，與誰一起度過，做
15、了什么事。3.請列舉兩件以上你在日常生活中經(jīng)常做的有利于環(huán)保的事。4.號召大家加入到明年的 Earth Hour 活動中來。作文要求：1.不能照抄原文；不得在作文中出現(xiàn)學(xué)校的真實(shí)名稱和學(xué)生的真實(shí)姓名。2.語句連貫，詞數(shù) 80 個左右。作文的標(biāo)題、開頭和結(jié)尾已經(jīng)給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。My Earth Hour 2011The Earth Hour was from 8:30 pm to 9:30 pm on Saturday,March 26th this year._I believe that we can make our earth a better place to live in.參考
16、范文 1My Earth Hour 2011 (沒參與)The Earth Hour was from 8:30 pm to 9:30 pm on Saturday,March 26th this year.It was a pity that I didnt realize it was EarthHour until I watched news on TV.At that time, I was shopping withmy mother at the mall.As a student, I have done lots of things toprotect the environ
17、ment.For example, I always carry a cloth bagwhile shopping.Besides, I often ride a bike to school instead oftaking a car.I think we can care for the earth by doing so.Lets takepart in the Earth Hour next year.I believe that we can make our earth a better place to live in.參考范文 2My Earth Hour 2011 (有參
18、與)The Earth Hour was from 8:30 pm to 9:30 pm on Saturday,March 26th this year.It was the moment my friends and I waited fora long time.We talked and played games at home with all the lightsoff.We were glad to be in the Earth Hour.As a student, I have donelots of things to protect the environment.For
19、 example, I alwayscarry a cloth bag while shopping.Besides, I often ride a bike toschool instead of taking a car.I think we can care for the earth bydoing so.Lets take part in the Earth Hour next year.I believe that we can make our earth a better place to live in.附：1書面表達(dá)的評分原則與方法：(1)采用總體評分法：考生能否根據(jù)寫作提
20、示，較好地把閱讀文章中與寫作相關(guān)的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行歸納和運(yùn)用來完成書面表達(dá)任務(wù)。評分時，先確定所屬檔次，然后以該檔次的要求進(jìn)行微調(diào)，最后給分。原文照抄的，只能在第 5 檔中調(diào)整；但正確引用原文少數(shù)句子且運(yùn)用得當(dāng)?shù)?，不扣分?2)注重內(nèi)容的完整及語言表達(dá)的準(zhǔn)確：本題在寫作具體內(nèi)容上給了考生較大的發(fā)揮空間，要求考生能準(zhǔn)確地表達(dá)個人的觀點(diǎn)與看法，表述的事例符合邏輯。語法、單詞拼寫和標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號錯誤，每兩處扣 0.5 分，同樣錯誤不重復(fù)扣分，此部分扣分不超過 3 分。(3)如卷面不整潔或字?jǐn)?shù)多于規(guī)定的 30 詞以上則酌情扣分。(4)如考生把文章所給出的標(biāo)題、開頭和結(jié)尾部分抄寫在答題卡上，不扣分。(即使抄寫有錯誤)
21、(5)對靈活使用復(fù)雜句式、行文流暢的文章，可酌情加分，加分最多不超過 2 分，加分后本題滿分不得超過 15 分。2內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)和分?jǐn)?shù)分布：(1)表明參加或沒參加(2 分)(2)參加或沒參加的心情(2 分)(3)描述當(dāng)時在哪里，與誰一起度過，做了什么事(3 分)(4)日常生活中經(jīng)常做的有利于環(huán)保的事(兩點(diǎn)以上)(6 分)(5)號召大家加入到明年的 Earth Hour 活動中來(2 分)3評分檔次和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：第一檔：1315 分要求：內(nèi)容涵蓋所有的要點(diǎn)，表達(dá)準(zhǔn)確，意思連貫，符合邏輯，只有個別語言錯誤。第二檔：1012 分要求：內(nèi)容涵蓋所有的要點(diǎn)，表達(dá)清楚，意思連貫，符合邏輯，但有少數(shù)語言錯誤。第三檔：7
22、9 分要求：內(nèi)容涵蓋大部分要點(diǎn)，表達(dá)較為清楚、連貫，基本符合邏輯，但有一些語言錯誤。第四檔：46 分要求：內(nèi)容涵蓋部分要點(diǎn)，能寫出少量正確句子，但整體表達(dá)不太連貫，且語言錯誤較多。第五檔：03 分 要求：只能寫出一些單詞，不成句子，缺乏邏輯性，錯誤很多。(二)2010 年廣東省初中畢業(yè)生學(xué)業(yè)考試A信息歸納請閱讀報紙上發(fā)表的一篇關(guān)于校園安全的短文，根據(jù)所提供的信息，完成下面表格。Safety Activities for Middle School KidsSchool is not the safe place as it used to be.How to keepschool safer?
23、 How to help students stay away from danger? Thereare many activities that teachers can do to teach safety in an easyway.Here are some stories from the students who have had thesafety class in No.1 Middle School.Mike Smith: About Sports SafetyOnce, our head teacher made up a story about sports safet
24、y.Allwe needed to do was to point out safe and unsafe sports behaviorsin the story.From this lesson, we knew we should always dowarm-up ( 熱 身 ) activities before playing sports and drink somewater after that.Amy Young: About Classroom SafetyYes, making up stories is a good way to learn and enjoyours
25、elves.We were once asked to make up a story about a boycalled Little Naughty.He always did something naughty ( 淘氣的)in the classroom and got himself into trouble.In this way, welearned to behave (行為) well and get on well with each other.Frank Green: About Fire SafetyIn our school, we have a fire emer
26、gency response practice (火警應(yīng)急演習(xí)) in September every year.So we know where to go ifthere is a fire in school.We learn to use the fire extinguisher ( 滅火器), too.But I dont think we should be allowed to put out the firealone, its too dangerous for young students like us.The school that the students are
27、from81_The person who talked aboutclassroom safety82_What to drink after playing sports83_Time to have fire emergencyresponse practice84_The number of the students whotalked about school safety85 _Information CardNo.1 Middle SchoolAmy YoungSome water/WaterSeptember everyyearThree/3B.書面表達(dá)根據(jù)要求完成短文寫作。你
28、覺得你的校園生活安全嗎？請你寫一篇題為“How toKeep Safe in School”的短文，談?wù)勀愕目捶?。?nèi)容包括：1.描述一件發(fā)生在你身上或你看到的發(fā)生在校園的意外事件(經(jīng)過與結(jié)果)。2.提出解決這種校園意外事件的建議(至少兩條)。3.呼吁每個學(xué)生要注意校園安全。作文要求：1.不能照抄原文；不得在作文中出現(xiàn)學(xué)校真實(shí)的名稱和學(xué)生的真實(shí)姓名。如需使用學(xué)校名稱或?qū)W生的姓名，請一律使用Hilltop School 和 Tom。2.語句連貫，詞數(shù) 80 個左右。作文的開頭已經(jīng)給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。How to Keep Safe in SchoolDo you know that our sch
29、ool life could be dangerous if we arenot careful enough? For example, .參考范文How to Keep Safe in SchoolDo you know that our school life could be dangerous if we arenot careful enough? For example ，one day, two students ran aftereach other in the hallway.Suddenly, one of them fell down and hurthis leg
30、because of the wet floor.Therefore, he had to stay in hospitalfor two weeks.So I think students should always walk but not runin the hallways.And the teachers had better keep an eye on thestudents after class and stop them from running.At last, I hope allthe students should pay attention to their sa
31、fety in school.(三)2009 年廣東省初中畢業(yè)生學(xué)業(yè)考試A信息歸納下面是一篇學(xué)生評述老師的短文。請閱讀下面短文，按信息表中項目要求，填寫信息卡，每小題填寫不得超過 3 個詞。Memories about TeachersRecently we made a survey ( 調(diào)查) and asked a large numberof people to tell us about their teachers.Here is what theyremembered about their teachers：“What teachers do I remember? Well,
32、 I remember my firstteacher.She was so kind and pretty, and she told us manyinteresting stories.”“I remember an English teacherhe always had colouredsocks: red, green, even orange.”“I remember a math teacher.She was always dressed verywell.I couldnt stop looking at her.I wanted to be like her.”“Our
33、chemistry teacher.He was so strict.We were afraid ofhim.I dont think he liked us.”“The physics teacher was so boring.He could make us fallasleep very quickly.”“One year we had a really good Chinese language teacher.Hewas very patient and told very funny stories.He was popular withall the class.We al
34、ways worked hard for him.We are his friends.”“The PE.teacher always said I was stupid.I thought teachersshould give us encouragement.I am not interested in sports becauseof him.”“I had one history teacher who always wore clothes of thesame colour.In three years I never saw him change.”“I remember tw
35、o teachers well.One was my music teacherwho was very active, and usually had a loud voice.The other wasmy computer teacher, who was very serious, but he really helpedme when I had problems at any time.”81.Number of all the teachers that arementioned_82.Reason why the students wereafraid of the chemi
36、stry teacher_83.Personality (性格) of the Chineselanguage teacher_84.Expectation (期待) of the studentfor the PE.teacher85.The teacher who had a loud voiceInformation Cardten/10 teachersso/too strictvery patientgive studentsencouragement/toencourage studentsmusic teacherB.書面表達(dá)閱讀完以上短文，你想起了哪些老師？初中階段你印象最深的
37、又是哪位老師？請結(jié)合以上短文內(nèi)容，用英語寫一篇題為“The Teacher I Never Forget”的作文。內(nèi)容包括：1簡要介紹老師的性格或特長；2列舉一個事例，說明老師是如何在學(xué)習(xí)上幫助或鼓勵你取得進(jìn)步的；3感謝老師，祝愿老師。作文要求：1不能照抄原文；不得在作文中出現(xiàn)學(xué)校真實(shí)的名稱，老師的姓名請一律使用 Mr Zhang 或 Ms Zhang。2語句連貫，詞數(shù) 80 個左右。作文的題目已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。The Teacher I Never ForgetHow time flies! Three years has passed since I became amiddle sc
38、hool student.I had very good memories of my classmatesand teachers.The teacher I never forget is.參考范文The Teacher I Never ForgetHow time flies！Three years has passed since I became amiddle school student.I had very good memories of my classmatesand teachers.The teacher I never forget is Mr Zhang, an
39、Englishteacher.He is very kind and friendly.He helped us not only in classbut also after class.About two years ago, Mr Zhang noticed that Iwas worried about my poor pronunciation.So he offered me manysuggestions to improve it, and he also gave me every chancepossible to speak in class.With his help, my pronunciation hasgreatly improved.I must say many thanks to Mr Zhang.I wish him a healthyand happy life in the future!
中考英語 第三部分各種題型 第7講 讀寫綜合復(fù)習(xí)課件
