廣東省中考英語(yǔ) 語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí) 主謂一致課件

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1、 主謂一致是指謂語(yǔ)受主語(yǔ)支配，須和主語(yǔ)在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)上保持一致。主謂一致一般遵循三條原則：語(yǔ)法一致原則，意義一致原則和就近原則。語(yǔ)法一致即主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就用單數(shù)形式；主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就用復(fù)數(shù)形式；意義一致即從含義上去處理主謂一致的關(guān)系，如主語(yǔ)形式上是單數(shù)，但其代表復(fù)數(shù)意義，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；就近原則即謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于靠近的主語(yǔ)。（1）語(yǔ)法一致（2）意義一致（3）就近原則考點(diǎn)一 語(yǔ)法一致 句子的主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)句子的主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式；主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。形式；主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：如： China has a

2、long history. 中國(guó)有悠久的歷史。中國(guó)有悠久的歷史。Many people are studying English now. 現(xiàn)在很多人都在學(xué)英語(yǔ)。現(xiàn)在很多人都在學(xué)英語(yǔ)。 在日常學(xué)習(xí)中還有注意以下原則：在日常學(xué)習(xí)中還有注意以下原則：1. 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)部分含有當(dāng)主語(yǔ)部分含有with, together with, as well as, besides, except , but, like (像像)等介詞或介詞短語(yǔ)時(shí)，等介詞或介詞短語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞取決于介詞前的主語(yǔ)，稱(chēng)為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞取決于介詞前的主語(yǔ)，稱(chēng)為“就遠(yuǎn)原就遠(yuǎn)原則則”。如：。如： Everyone except Tom has be

3、en to the Great Wall. 除除Tom外，每個(gè)人都去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城。外，每個(gè)人都去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城。 John with his friends plays basketball every weekend. John和朋友每周都打籃球。和朋友每周都打籃球。( ) 1. I called you at 5:00 yesterday afternoon, but no one answered. Sorry, I with my parents _ at that time.A. was shopping B. were shopping C. are shopping D. went shopp

4、ing( ) 2. The child without parents _ good care of by his teachers in this special school. A. is taken B. are taken C. take D. takes( ) 3. Nobody except Tom and Mary _ in the Classroom. The other students are watching the basketball game on the playground now. A. am B. is C. are D.was2. 動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞、從句

5、或不可數(shù)名詞做主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：Listening to the tapes is helpful to our English study .聽(tīng)磁帶有助于英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)。What he said is not right. 他的話(huà)不對(duì)。( ) 4. Playing too much computer games _ harmful to us.A. are B. is C. has D. be 3. 不定代詞不定代詞somebody, someone, something, anybody, anyone, anything, everybody, everyone, everything

6、 , nobody, no one, nothing, each , every做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如： Lucy, someone is waiting for you at the gate . Lucy，有人在大門(mén)口等你。，有人在大門(mén)口等你。 Is everyone here? 人都到齊了嗎？人都到齊了嗎？ Every one of the students is studying hard. 學(xué)生們都在努力學(xué)習(xí)。學(xué)生們都在努力學(xué)習(xí)。( ) 5. What_ in your pocket? Nothing _ there. A. is, is B. i

7、s, are C. are, are D. are, is4. neither of, either, each (one), every one, the other做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如： Neither of them is right. 他們兩個(gè)都是錯(cuò)的。 The other of the two comes from Australia. 他們中的另一個(gè)來(lái)自澳大利亞。( ) 6. Which would you like, tea or coffee? _is OK, I dont mind. A. Either B. Both C. Any D. have5. news（新聞

8、），politics（政治），maths（數(shù)學(xué)），physics（物理）等詞，雖然形式上是以s結(jié)尾，但表示的意義是單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。相反，people，police等詞形式上是單數(shù)形式，但表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：Maths is my favorite subject 數(shù)學(xué)是我最喜歡的學(xué)科。 ( ) 7. Physics _ more difficult than Chinese, do you think so? Yes, I think so.A. is B. are C. hasD. have( ) 8. The news _very interesting !

9、 Tell me more! A. was B. are C. were D. is 6. 由由and，bothand 連接的兩個(gè)名詞做主語(yǔ)，連接的兩個(gè)名詞做主語(yǔ)，表示兩個(gè)不同的人或物時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如：表示兩個(gè)不同的人或物時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如： The painter and the writer have come to our school. 畫(huà)家和作家都到了我們學(xué)校。（指兩個(gè)人）畫(huà)家和作家都到了我們學(xué)校。（指兩個(gè)人） 指同一個(gè)人或物時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：指同一個(gè)人或物時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：The painter and writer has come to our schoo

10、l . 那個(gè)畫(huà)家兼作家到了我們學(xué)校。（指一個(gè)人兩重那個(gè)畫(huà)家兼作家到了我們學(xué)校。（指一個(gè)人兩重身份）身份）( ) 9. They said the eighth and the last lessons _ quite difficult.A. is B. was C. were D. are7. clothes, trousers, pants, shorts, shoes, gloves等做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)； 但如果有量詞“a kind of , a piece of , a pair of ” 等詞修飾時(shí)，則依量詞的單復(fù)數(shù)來(lái)定。如： The shoes look nice. 這鞋看上

11、去很漂亮。 The pair of shoes is very nice. 這雙鞋很漂亮。( ) 10. _ that pair of _ a little cheaper? A.Is; glass B. Are; glass C. Is; glasses D. Are; glasses 考點(diǎn)二 意義一致原則 意義一致即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞該用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)取決于主語(yǔ)所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容在含義是單數(shù)意義還是復(fù)數(shù)意義。 如： The Chinese are hard-working(中國(guó)人是勤勞的。)8. 表示時(shí)間、距離、價(jià)格、重量、數(shù)目、數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算等的詞或短語(yǔ)做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，表示整體概念，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：Ten yea

12、rs has passed since we met last time. 自從上次見(jiàn)面，又過(guò)了十年。10 kilometers is a long way to him. He is too tired. 對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)十公里太長(zhǎng)，他太累了。( ) 11. A quarter _ enough for me to walk to school.A. are B. is C. were D. has( ) 12. What they have done _ useful to the people.A. are B. has C. is D. were 9. the +形容詞表示一類(lèi)人時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用

13、復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：The old are looked after well in this old peoples house. 老人們?cè)陴B(yǎng)老院被照顧得很好。The young arent allowed to get their ears pierced.年輕人不應(yīng)該穿耳孔。10. the +姓的復(fù)數(shù)形式，表示一家人或者夫婦兩個(gè)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如： The Greens are going to Germany next week.格林一家打算下周去德國(guó)。11. 集體名詞：family, class, team, group, enemy, police, population等表示整體概念

14、時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。表示成員時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如：Class One is a very good class. 一班是個(gè)好班。Now Class One are having a basketball match. 一班的學(xué)生在進(jìn)行籃球比賽。The United States was founded in 1776. 美國(guó)是1776年成立的。( ) 13. These police often _ children cross the street.A. help B. helps C. helping D. is helping( ) 14. Half of the class _ mo

15、st of the work. Some of the work _ really difficult.A. have done；are B. has done；are C. has done； is D. have done；is ( ) 15. The population of the world _ larger and larger.A. had grown B. will grow C. is growing D. is grown 12. 名詞性物主代詞mine，yours，his，hers，its，ours，theirs等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)取決于該動(dòng)詞后面名詞的數(shù)，動(dòng)詞后面

16、的名詞是單數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；動(dòng)詞后面名詞為復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 如：His is a new bike他的是一輛新自行車(chē)。 Ours are old bikes我們的是些舊自行車(chē)。考點(diǎn)三-就近原則 13. neithernor , either or , not onlybut also , not but以及there be連接兩個(gè)并列的主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞跟它靠近的主語(yǔ)一致。如Neither I nor she likes listening to this song.她和我都不喜歡聽(tīng)這首歌。There is a knife and two pens in the box.

17、盒子里有一把刀和兩支鉛筆。( ) 16. There_ a book and three pens on my desk just now, but now there is nothing on it. A. had B were C. was D.is( ) 17. Neither Kate nor her cousins_ to America, but_ of them have known the country very well. A. have been; all B have gone; both C. has been; all D. has gone；all( ) 18.

18、 Not only my father but also my grandpa _flying to Singapore this weekend.A. are B. is C. was D.were 考點(diǎn)四 兩個(gè)要注意的問(wèn)題 14. the number of “的數(shù)量”做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 a number of “許多，大量”做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 如： The number of the workers in this factory is about 500. 這家工廠的工人大約500人。A number of the workers in this factory are

19、 women. 這家工廠的工人很多是女工。( ) 19. What _ the number of the students in your school? About two thousand. A number of them _ from the countryside. A. is; are B. is；is C. are; is D. are；are ( ) 20. A number of tourists_ Yangzhou many times because it is such a beautiful city. A. have been to B. has been to

20、C. has gone to D. have gone to15. 分?jǐn)?shù)做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，依名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。若所修飾的名詞是單數(shù)，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：Three quarters of the work is done by the computer.四分之三的工作是電腦完成的。若所修飾的名詞是復(fù)數(shù)，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如：One half of the students have passed the exam. 有一半的學(xué)生已經(jīng)通過(guò)了考試?！究键c(diǎn)精煉【考點(diǎn)精煉】( ) 21. How many students _ there in your class?And two thirds of them _ girls. A. is, are B. are, are C. are, is D. is, is 中考中主謂一致主要考查對(duì)句子結(jié)構(gòu)的理解，考查是否明白主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)之間的單復(fù)數(shù)關(guān)系。復(fù)習(xí)備考過(guò)程中要熟記主謂一致的三原則并能靈活運(yùn)用。