高中英語必修2 unit5music 導學案

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1、Unit5 Music Period 1 Warming up, Pre reading, Reading &Comprehending 主編：林玉鳳 審核： 包科領(lǐng)導: Name: Group: Class: Date： 學習目標：1.深入理解課文，培養(yǎng)快速閱讀，整體理解的能力。2.自主學習，合作探究:通過對“門基樂隊”發(fā)展歷史的學習，增加對閱讀文章的理解。3.通過學習文章了解更多的音樂種類和樂隊類型，激發(fā)學生對音樂更加濃厚的興趣。 重點：獲取The Monke

2、es 組合發(fā)展歷程的信息。快速閱讀找出各段主題句和精讀課文完成表格填空等。 難點:通過閱讀更好地發(fā)展各種閱讀技巧。訓練用英語獲取信息、處理信息、分析問題和解決問題的能力。 預習案 使用說明&方法指導 1. 在預習時把課文通讀兩遍，第一遍通讀課文完成限時閱讀表層理解題，第二遍通讀全文并勾畫文章中的重難點。完成時間30分鐘。 Ⅰ背景展現(xiàn) 1、 Different types of music: Folk music: It has been passed down from one generation to another. These songs were abo

3、ut the country life, the seasons, animals and plants, and about love and sadness in people’s lives. Pop music: It is a kind of modern music with a strong beat and not of lasting interest, especially just favored for a short time by younger people. Rock’n’Roll: It is also called rock and roll, a ki

4、nd of modern music with strong beat, played loudly on electrical instruments, in which the singer repeats the same few simple words. Jazz: Jazz was born in the USA around 1890. It came from work songs sung by black people and had its roots in Africa. Jazz started developing in the 1920s in the sout

5、hern states. Soon it was played by white musicians too, and reached other parts of the USA. 2、 The introduction of the band the Monkees The Monkees was a four-person band that appeared in an American television series of the same name, which ran on NBC from 1966 to 1968. The Monkees was formed in

6、 1965 in Los Angels, California and disbanded in 1970. At their peak they were one of the most popular musical acts of their time. The Monkees last worked together for a brief period in 2001. Ⅱ教材助讀 一、一輪閱讀做題目 限時閱讀，完成表層理解題 Read the passage and finish the following exercises. 1. In the author’s

7、opinion, many people want to be part of a band because_______. A. they want to sing or play music B. they like famous musicians C. they want to become rich and famous D. they know a band plays an important part in society 2. Many musicians like to write and play their own music so they________

8、. A. join a club B. form a band C. live together D. sing in the streets 3. At first the musicians sing in the streets in order to ________. A. make themselves sng better B. thank the passers-by C. become millionaires D. make some extra money 4

9、. What did the Monkees do on the TV show? A. They played jokes on each other and music. B. They told the people stories. C. They sang and danced. D. They taught the people music. 5. How many years didn’t the Monkees work together after the band broke up? A. About 10 years. B. About 15

10、 years. C. About 20 years. D. About 25 years. 二、二輪閱讀找難點 （一）、單詞 1.音樂家 n. 2.假裝，假扮 Vt. 3、系上，附上v. 4.賺，掙得v 5.額外的 adj 6. folk adj 7.form adj 8.passer-by n

11、 9.studio n 10.廣播 n&v （二）、短語 1.夢見，夢想 _____________ 2.說實在的，實話說______________ 3. 認為有（重要意義），附上，系上_____________ 4. 用現(xiàn)金______ 5. break up________________ 6. play jokes on ______________ 7. rely on_________________ 8. or so ______________

12、__ 探究篇 質(zhì)疑探究-----------------質(zhì)疑解題、合作探究 探究點一 語片探究 1.Complete the forms 1）How do people get to form a band? Members _______________________ students Reasons They like to _________ and __________ music. Places They practice their music in someone’s home. Forms They may play to __________ i

13、n the street or subway. Results They can ______some money. They may also have a chance to dream of becoming famous. 2)How was the Monkees formed and became a real band? Beginning of the band It began as a _______________ Style of the performance They played jokes as well as played music. F

14、irst music and jokes Most of them were based loosely on the band called__________________ Development of the band They started to play their own ___________and write their own songs like a real band. They __________their own records and started touring and playing their own music. Changes of the

15、 band The band __________ in about 1970, but ______in the mid-1980s. 2. 課文縮寫 There was a band that started ______ quite a different way. It becomes as a TV show. The musicians ________ the band was formed played jokes ________ others as well as ________(play) music. Their music and jokes we

16、re based loosely _____ the band _______(call) “ The Beatles.” Their attractive performances were copied by other groups and their fans supported them fiercely. Each week the group called “ the Monkees” would play a song or two________(write) by other musicians. Later on “ the Monkees” started to p

17、roduce their own records, and began touring and _______(play) their own music. They became even more popular than “ the Beatles”. ___________, the band broke _____ in about 1970, but reunited in the mid-1980s. Period 2 Learning about language 主編 林玉鳳 審核 包科領(lǐng)導 Name

18、 Group Class Date 學習目標：1.扎實掌握詞匯、句型與語法，提升自己的理解力、記憶力。2.自主學習，合作探究。學會分析與總結(jié)的方法，并能學以致用。3.激情投入，瘋狂記憶，體驗學習的快樂。 重點：dream of, attach, form, rely on, familiar 難點：長難句分析 使用說明&學法指導 1.借助詞匯精粹及長難句分析，理解例句并嘗試總結(jié)知識結(jié)構(gòu) 2.完成時間30分鐘 重點詞匯 1. pretend vt.假裝 pretend+n. 假裝、、、 pretend to do sth.

19、假裝做某事 pretend that從句 假裝、、 pretend to be doing 假裝在做 He pretended to know how to play the piano.她假裝知道怎樣彈鋼琴。 He pretended to be doing homework when his mother came in.母親進來時，他假裝在做作業(yè)。 2.attach vt &vi .附上；系上；貼上； attach常與介詞to連用，構(gòu)成attach…to…附上；連接上; 認為、、、有重要性 Attach a recent photograph to your appl

20、ication form. 申請表上請貼一張近照。 They have attached a number of conditions to the agreement. 他們在協(xié)議上附加了一些條件。 Parents attach much importance to education. 父母都十分重視教育。 3、form n.形狀，形態(tài)，外形；表格，形式 vt. (使)組成；形成；構(gòu)成；排列 A plan began to form in his mind. 一個計劃開始在他的腦海中形成。 To apply for a job，you must fill

21、in/out a form. 申請工作要填表。 He has formed the habit of getting up early. 他已經(jīng)養(yǎng)成了早起的習慣。 Japan is formed of four large islands. 日本是由四個大島組成的。 4. earn vt.賺；掙得；獲得 （1）Do you know how much he earns a month?你知道他一個月賺多少錢嗎？ （2）His achievement earned him respect and admiration. 5. to be honest (with you) 坦

22、白說；老實告訴你(通常置于句首) be honest with sb.對某人說老實話；對某人坦誠 It is honest of sb.to do sth.某人做某事是誠實的 honestly/honestly speaking說實在的，說真的 To be honest with you(=honestly speaking)，I don’t agree with you. 對你說實話，我不同意你的看法。 6. rely on　依靠；信賴；指望 Now that you are grown up，you should not rely on your parents. 既然你長大

23、了，就不應該依靠你的父母。 The success of this project relies on everyone making an effort. 本項目的成功有賴于諸位一起努力。 7. familiar adj.熟悉的；常見的；親近的 （1）be familiar with 熟悉，通曉。其主語一般是指人的名詞，with的賓語是主語通曉的事情。 Are you familiar with Chinese ancient history? 你對中國古代史熟悉嗎？ （2）be familiar to 為、、、所熟悉。其主語一般是人們所通曉的事物，to的賓語通常是指人的名詞。

24、 The voice on the phone sounded familiar to me. 電話里的聲音我聽起來很熟悉。 重點長難句分析 1. Have you ever dreamed of playing in front of thousands people at a concert at which everyone is clapping and appreciating your music?你是否曾經(jīng)夢想過在音樂會上面對成千上萬的觀眾演唱，觀眾欣賞你的歌唱為你鼓掌呢？ (1) dream of 夢見；夢想；設想 The girl dreamed of a

25、 handsome prince.那個女孩夢見了一位英俊的王子。 That man never dreamed the boy to be his nephew.那個人做夢也沒想到那個男孩是他的外甥。 (2) “at which…”是“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導的定語從句。 “介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導定語從句時，介詞的賓語只能用which(指物)和whom（指人），即：介詞+which／whom，且關(guān)系代詞不可省略。 2.They may start as a group of high-school students, for whom practicing their music in

26、someone’s house is the first step to fame. 他們開始可能是一群中的學生，對他們來說，在某個人家里排練音樂是成名的第一步。 （1）practicing their music in someone’s house是動名詞的形式，在for whom引導的定語從句中作主語，從句中謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。 Being able to read in English gives you much more choices. 會讀英語給你更多選擇。 （2）動名詞短語作主語時，通常表示泛指的、經(jīng)常性的、抽象的動作；而動詞不定式短語作主語時，多表示特指的、一次性的

27、具體動作。 Being praised again and again in public made him feel embarrassed.在公共場合一次又一次被表揚令他很不好意思。 It’s necessary to prepare for a job interview.工作面試準備很有必要。 3. The musicians were to play jokes on each other as well as play music，most of which was based loosely on the Beatles. 音樂家們組成樂隊演奏音樂，還彼此打趣逗笑。這些玩笑

28、和音樂大多都在模仿“甲殼蟲”樂隊。 （1）【句法分析】　most of which是“名詞/代詞＋介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)引導定語從句。此類結(jié)構(gòu)常見的有：some/several/a few/a little/many/more/most＋of which/whom等形式。 There is a room，the window of which faces the river. 那兒有一間房子，窗戶朝著這條河。 （2）play jokes on戲弄 Who likes being played jokes on? 誰喜歡被戲弄呢？ 4. Later they may give per

29、formances in pubs or clubs, for which they are paid in cash.后來，他們可能在酒吧或者俱樂部里演出，這樣他們可以得到現(xiàn)金。 performance n. 表演，演奏 ①How wonderful the performance is! 這次演奏實在太精彩了。 perform v 履行；表演；執(zhí)行 ②They always perform their duties faithfully. 他們總是忠實地履行自己的職責。 ③Our team performed very well in the match yesterday.

30、 in cash 用現(xiàn)金；有現(xiàn)錢 I’d like to pay in cash. 我愿意用現(xiàn)金付賬。 5. The band broke up about 1970，but happily they reunited in the mid-1980s. 樂隊在1970年左右解散了，但令人高興的是，他們在80年代中期又重組起來了。 break up　打碎；散開；解體；結(jié)束；放假；分裂 ①The meeting broke up at eleven o’clock. 會議在十一點散會。 ②She has just broken up with her boyfriend. 她剛剛

31、和男朋友分手。 ③He broke up under the stress. 6. Above all，just have fun! 最重要的是一定要開心！ Children need many things，but above all they need love. 孩子們需要很多東西，但最重要的是他們需要關(guān)愛。 All in all, we had a good time.總的說來，我們玩的很痛快。 Of course I admire him—after all，he is a great writer. 我當然欽佩他——畢竟他是一位偉大的作家。 He helped me

32、 a lot but I didn’t know him at all. 他幫了我很多忙，可我根本不認識他。 合作探究總結(jié)用法 1. pretend 后帶的動詞有不同的形式: pretend to ______________假裝在做 pretend to _______________假裝做了 2. attached aadj. 依戀；附屬于 be attached to附屬于；依戀 辨析attach／ join／connect attach把小的東西附著于大的東西上 join表示兩樣東西連接

33、在一起 connect把相對獨立的東西連接在一起 __________ the printer to the computer.把打印機連在電腦上。 We _______ hands and danced.我們手牽手跳舞。 3.form短語歸納： form the habit of take the form of in good／great form out of form 4.歸納： （2）句中earn的意思是：________ earn sb sth 使某人掙得某物,獲得某物 _________________=make on

34、e’s living謀生 6. rely用法歸納： rely on/upon sb./sth.指望某人/某事 rely on sb. to do sth.指望某人做某事，相信某人會做某事 rely on one’s doing sth.指望某人做某事，相信某人會做某事 rely on it that...相信……，指望…… 1. 歸納： dream的過去式和過去分詞相同，既可以是__________,也可以是__________. dream 接___

35、____,_________,_________等作賓語，也可以接動詞不定式作賓語補足語。 回顧“關(guān)系副詞和介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導的定語從句。 ③句中perform的意思是:___________ 歸納拓展： perform an operation______________ put on／give a performance____________ perform one’s promise________

36、________ 4. ③句中break up的含義是：_________ break 短語歸納： break away________________ break down_________________ break into_______________ break off_________________ break out__________________ all 用法歸納： after all_______________ in all ________________ at all___________________ firs

37、t of all_______________ all in all______________ Ⅱ. 課后學習指導 1. 牢記本節(jié)課所學的詞匯、用法及其例句 2. 完成訓練案 Period 3 Using language 主編 林玉鳳 審核 包科領(lǐng)導 Name Group Class Date 學習目標：1.扎實掌握寫作的要領(lǐng)，學會寫表示提供建議的英文郵件。2.自主學習，合作探究。學會分析與總結(jié)的方法，并能學以致用。3.體驗寫作的快樂。 重點：“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引

38、導的定語從句 難點：寫作的完成 使用說明&學法指導 1.復習所有學過的定語從句的類型，并加深鞏固“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導定語從句的用法。 2.總結(jié)歸納難點、考點 Ⅰ預習導學 一、 語法聚焦 “介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導定語從句是我們學習定語從句的重點，也是高考的常考點。使用這種結(jié)構(gòu)時，應注意的問題： 1. 關(guān)系代詞的選用：在介詞后作賓語的關(guān)系代詞一般只用which（指物）和whom（指人）。 The person to _______I spoke just now is the manager that I told you about. 2.介詞的位置：介詞一般放在關(guān)系代詞

39、which和whom之前，但也可以放在原來的位置上。 This is the man from whom I learned the news. =This is the man (_____／_____／_____／) I learned the news from. 3.介詞的選擇：介詞的選擇通常由以下幾個方面所決定。 （1）動詞短語 The man _______ whom our teacher shook hands just now is Mr. Zhang. 該句中shake hands with sb是固定短語，意思是“同、、、握手”。 （2）先行詞 T

40、his is the way ______ which we worked out the problem. the way作先行詞，意為“方法”，和介詞______連用。 （3）句意 The desk ____ which I put my bag is made of wood.我放書包的那張桌子是木制的。 根據(jù)句子的意思“放在桌子上”，所以用介詞____，如表示“放在桌子里面”，則應用介詞____。 自主檢測 1.（2010.上海卷）Wind power is an ancient source of energy_____ we may return in the

41、 near future. A. on which B by which C. to which D. from which 2. The house _______ I grew up has been take down and replaced by an office building. A in it B in C in that D in which 3.（2011浙江杭州期末）We went through a period______ communications were very difficult in the country

42、side. A which B in which C whose D with which 4. （2011福建福州期末）There are two buildings, _____ stands nearly a hundred feet high. A the larger B the larger of which C the larger one that D the larger of them 5. （2011甘肅蘭煉期末）We shouldn’t spen

43、d our money testing so many people, most of ____are healthy. A that B which C what D whom 6.The clever boy made a hole in the wall, ____ he could see what was going on inside the house. A on which B at which C through which D in which 7. There are more than 50 students in each c

44、lass, ____ are girls. A half of them B half of which C half of whom D and half of whom 8.Villagers here depend on the fishing industry, _____ there won’t be much work. A were B that C by which D without which 9. For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread out

45、 further, ______New York is an example. A for which B in which C of which D from which 10．The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, _____ the sailing time was 226 days. A. of which B. during which C. from which D.for which 11. George Orwell, _______ was Eric

46、Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays. A. the real name B. what his real name C. his real name D. whose real name 12. ______ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress. A. It B. As C. That D. What 13．The schools themselves ad

47、mit that not all children will be successful in the jobs ______ they are being trained. A．in that B．for that C．in which D．for which 14．What surprised me was not what he said but he said it. A．the way B．in the way that C．in the way D．the way which 15. He was educated at a local

48、 grammar school, ______ he went on to Cambridge. A. from which B. after that C. after which D. from this 探究案 一、寫作探究 假設你叫李華，欲與來自本校不同班級的另外4名同學組建一支樂隊，但缺乏經(jīng)驗，請就以下情況或問題給知名音樂人卡曾斯（Cousins）先生發(fā)一封電子郵件，以尋求幫助。 1. 成員中有三名男生和兩名女生，均喜歡流行音樂與現(xiàn)代舞蹈； 2. 每周周末排練是否足夠？初期演唱的音樂宜多元化還是一種風格？ 3

49、. 怎樣獲得較多的表演機會？ 4. 希望他能為樂隊取個名字。 注意：1. 詞數(shù)：100左右；2. 可適當增加細節(jié)，使行文連貫；3. e-mail的開頭和結(jié)尾已經(jīng)給出，但不計入總詞數(shù)。 Dear Mr. Cousins, Since you are a well-known musician,...________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________

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52、___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Best wishes! Yours sincerely, Li Hua 必修2 Unit5 Music 導學案 Period4 Revision 主編：林玉鳳 審核：

53、 包科領(lǐng)導: Name: Group: Class: Date： 學習目標:1.扎實掌握本單元的基礎(chǔ)知識,提升自己的理解力、運用能力. 2.自主學習,合作探究;學會循環(huán)復習,牢固掌握基礎(chǔ)知識. 3.小組學習，學會不同音樂類型的英語表達，增強興趣。 重點:本單元的基礎(chǔ)知識及“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導的定語從句用法 難點:1.本單元的基礎(chǔ)知識及定語從句的熟練運用。 2.如何做到激情投入,高效學習并體驗學習的樂趣. 一、重點詞匯及拓展 1.____________(vt&vi) 滾動；（使）搖擺 2__

54、_______________(adj)民間的 3.__________________（vt）假裝 4.________________(n)音樂家 5.__________________（vt）組成，形成 6._____________(v)系上，縛上，連接 7._________________ (n)工具；樂器 8.________________ (n)過路人；行人 9._______________ (adj)幽默的；詼諧的 10._____________ (adj)額外的；外加的 11. _______________ (adj)敏感的；易

55、受傷害的12. ___________(n)工作室 13. _______________ (adj)吸引人的 14. _______________(adj)熟悉的；常見的 15. ______________(n)音樂→______________ (adj)音樂的；有關(guān)音樂的 16. ______________（vt）吸引→______________(n)魅力；吸引人之事物 17. ______________（vt）賺；掙得→______________(n)所得；收入工資 18. ______________(n)男演員；行動者→______________(n)女

56、演員 19. ___________（vt& vi）表演；履行；執(zhí)行→____________(n)表演者；行為者 二、 重點短語 1._________of(about)夢想；夢見 2.play _______ on戲弄；搞惡作劇 3.in ________用現(xiàn)金 4.________ on依賴；依靠 5.to be _________老實說；說實話 6. or ______大約；在、、、左右 7.________ all 最重要；尤其 8.in ___________ 另外；也 9.________ out加以分類 10

57、.be／get ____________ with熟悉 11.________ up 分解；驅(qū)散；破裂 12._______...to認為有（重要性；意義） 三、 重點句子（根據(jù)中文，完成下列句子，一空一詞） 1.文 - 漢語漢字 編輯詞條 文，wen，從玄從爻。天地萬物的信息產(chǎn)生出來的現(xiàn)象、紋路、軌跡，描繪出了陰陽二氣在事物中的運行軌跡和原理。 故文即為符。上古之時，符文一體。 古者伏羲氏之王天下也，始畫八卦，造書契，以代結(jié)繩(爻)之政，由是文籍生焉。--《尚書序》 依類象形，故謂之文。其后形聲相益，即謂之字。--《說文》序》 倉頡造書，形立謂之文，聲具謂

58、之字。--《古今通論》 (1) 象形。甲骨文此字象紋理縱橫交錯形。"文"是漢字的一個部首。本義:花紋;紋理。 (2) 同本義 [figure;veins] 文，英語念為:text、article等，從字面意思上就可以理解為文章、文字，與古今中外的各個文學著作中出現(xiàn)的各種文字字形密不可分。古有甲骨文、金文、小篆等，今有宋體、楷體等，都在這一方面突出了"文"的重要性。古今中外，人們對于"文"都有自己不同的認知，從大的方面來講，它可以用于表示一個民族的文化歷史，從小的方面來說它可用于用于表示單獨的一個"文"字，可用于表示一段話，也可用于人物的姓氏。 折疊編輯本段基本字義

59、 1．事物錯綜所造成的紋理或形象：燦若～錦。 2.刺畫花紋：～身。 3．記錄語言的符號：～字?！ぁＲ浴o。 4．用文字記下來以及與之有關(guān)的：～憑?！??！w?！?。～苑。～獻（指有歷史價值和參考價值的圖書資料）?！桑╝．文辭、文藝方面的才華；b．錯雜艷麗的色彩）。 5．人類勞動成果的總結(jié)：～化。～物。 6．自然界的某些現(xiàn)象：天～。水～。 7．舊時指禮節(jié)儀式：虛～。繁～縟節(jié)（過多的禮節(jié)儀式）。 8．文華辭采，與“質(zhì)”、“情”相對：～質(zhì)彬彬。 9．溫和：～火?！o?！?。 10．指非軍事的：～職?！挝涔Γㄖ付Y樂教化和軍事功績）。 11

60、．指以古漢語為基礎(chǔ)的書面語：552～言?！组g雜。 12．專指社會科學：～科。 13．掩飾：～過飾非。 14．量詞，指舊時小銅錢：一～不名。 15．姓。 16． 皇帝謚號，經(jīng)緯天地曰文；道德博聞曰文；慈惠愛民曰文；愍民惠禮曰文；賜民爵位曰文；勤學好問曰文；博聞多見曰文；忠信接禮曰文；能定典禮曰文；經(jīng)邦定譽曰文；敏而好學曰文；施而中禮曰文；修德來遠曰文；剛?cè)嵯酀晃模恍拗伟嘀圃晃?；德美才秀曰文；萬邦為憲、帝德運廣曰文；堅強不暴曰文；徽柔懿恭曰文；圣謨丕顯曰文；化成天下曰文；純穆不已曰文；克嗣徽音曰文；敬直慈惠曰文；與賢同升曰文；紹修圣緒曰文；聲教四訖曰文。如漢文帝。

61、 折疊編輯本段字源字形 字源演變與字形比較 折疊編輯本段詳細字義 〈名〉 1．右圖是 “文”字的甲骨文圖片，資料來源：徐無聞主編：《甲金篆隸大字典》，四川辭書出版社。1991年7月第一版。 “文”字的甲骨文字繪畫的像一個正面的“大人”，寓意“大象有形”、“象形”；特別放大了胸部，并在胸部畫了“心”，含義是“外界客體在心里面的整體影像、整體寫真、整體素描、整體速寫”。 許慎《說文解字》把“文”解釋為“錯畫也”，意思是“對事物形象進行整體素描，筆畫交錯，相聯(lián)相絡，不可解構(gòu)”，這與他說的獨體為文、合體為字的話的意思是一致的。“說文解字”這個書名

62、就表示了“文”只能“說”，而“字”則可“解”的意思?！拔摹笔强陀^事物外在形象的速寫，是人類進一步了解事物內(nèi)在性質(zhì)的基礎(chǔ)，所以它是“字”的父母，“字”是“文”的孩子?！拔摹鄙白帧迸e例（以“哲”為例）：先對人手摩畫，其文為“手”；又對斧子摩畫，其文為“斤”。以手、斤為父母，結(jié)合、生子，其子就是“折”（手和斤各代表父母的基因）。這個“折”就是許慎所謂的“字”?！白帧睆腻矎淖?，“宀”表示“獨立的房子”，子在其中，有“自立門戶”的意思。故“字”還能與“文”或其他“字”結(jié)合，生出新“字”來。在本例，作為字的“折”與作為文的“口”結(jié)合，就生出了新的字“哲”。 2． 同本義 [figure;ve

63、ins] 文，錯畫也。象交文。今字作紋?！獤|漢·許慎《說文》 五章以奉五色?！呵铩ぷ笄鹈鳌蹲髠鳌ふ压迥辍?。注：“青與赤謂之文，赤與白謂之章，白與黑謂之黼，黑與青謂之黻?！? 美于黼黼文章。——《荀子·非相》 茵席雕文?！俄n非子·十過》 織文鳥章，白旆央央?！对姟ば⊙拧ち隆? 斑文小魚?！鳌?劉基《誠意伯劉文成公文集》 3．又如：文駕（彩車）；文斑（雜色的斑紋）；文旆（有文彩的旗幟）；文繡（繡有彩色花紋的絲織品；刺花圖案）；文織（有彩色花紋的絲織品）；文鱗（魚鱗形花紋）。 4．字，文字（“文”，在先秦時期就有文字的意思，“字”

64、，到了秦朝才有此意。分別講，“文”指獨體字；“字”指合體字?；\統(tǒng)地說，都泛指文字。） [character] 飾以篆文?！铣巍し稌稀逗鬂h書·張衡傳》 分文析字。——東漢·班固《漢書·劉歆傳》 夫文，止戈為武?！蹲髠鳌ば辍? 距洞數(shù)百步，有碑仆道，其文漫滅?！醢彩队伟U山記》 文曰“天啟壬戌秋日”?！鳌?魏學洢《核舟記》 文曰“初平山尺”。 5．又如：甲骨文；金文；漢文；英文；文跡（文字所記載的事跡）；文書爻（有關(guān)文字、文憑之類的卦象）；文異（文字相異）；文軌（文字和車軌）；文獄（文字獄）；文錢（錢。因錢有文字，故稱）；文狀（字

65、據(jù)，軍令狀）；文引（通行證；路憑）；文定（定婚）。 6．文章（遣造的詞句叫做“文”，結(jié)構(gòu)段落叫做 “章”。） [literary composition] 故說詩者不以文害辭?！睹献印とf章上》 好古文?！啤?韓愈《師說》 屬予作文以記之。——宋· 范仲淹《岳陽樓記》 能述以文。——宋· 歐陽修《醉翁亭記》 摘其詩文?！濉?紀昀《閱微草堂筆記》 7．又如：文價（文章的聲譽）；文魔（書呆子）；文會（舊時讀書人為了準備應試，在一起寫文章、互相觀摩的集會）；文移（舊時官府文書的代稱）；文雄（擅長寫文章的大作家）；文意（文章的旨趣）；文義（文章的義理

66、）；文情（文章的詞句和情思）；本文（所指的這篇文章）；作文（寫文章；學習練習所寫的文章）；文魁（文章魁首）；文價（文章的聲價）；文什（文章與詩篇）。 8．美德；文德 [virtue] 圣云繼之神，神乃用文治。——杜牧《感懷詩一首》 9．又如：文丈（對才高德韶的老者的敬稱）；文母（文德之母）；文武（文德與武功）；文命（文德教命）；文惠（文德恩惠）；文德（寫文章的道德）；文?。ㄖ^文德淺?。?；文昭（文德昭著）。 10.文才；才華。亦謂有文才，有才華 [literary talent] 而文采不表于后世也?！獫h· 司馬遷《報任安書》 11．又如：文業(yè)（才學）；文英（文才出眾的人）；文采風流（橫溢的才華與瀟灑的風度）；文郎（有才華的青少年）；文彥（有文才德行的人）；文通殘錦（比喻剩下不多的才華）。 12．文獻，經(jīng)典；韻文 [document;classics;verse] 儒以文亂法。——《韓非子·五蠹》 言必遵修舊文而不穿鑿?！墩f文解字·敘》 13．辭詞句。亦指文字記載 [writings;record]。如：文幾（舊時書信中開