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1、專題四非謂語動(dòng)詞 一、動(dòng)詞的ed形式 1動(dòng)詞ed形式作狀語 (1)動(dòng)詞ed形式作狀語，進(jìn)一步說明謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，其邏輯主語通常就是句子的主語。 Used with care，one tin will last for six weeks.(2012北京高考) Clearly and thoughtfully writen，the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answer.(2014天津高考) (2)某些動(dòng)詞的過去分詞已經(jīng)形容詞化，此時(shí)這些過去分詞表示一種狀態(tài)。這樣的詞(組)常見的有：los
2、t (迷路的)，seated (坐)，hidden (躲)，stationed (駐扎)，lost/absorbed in (沉溺于)，dressed in (穿著)，tired of (感到厭倦)等。 Absorbed in his book，he didnt notice me enter the room. 2動(dòng)詞ed形式作定語 動(dòng)詞ed形式(短語)作定語與它所修飾的名詞之間在邏輯上存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，并表示該動(dòng)作的被動(dòng)或完成。 The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras returned to our shop for qualit
3、y problems.(2014重慶高考) 3動(dòng)詞ed形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語 動(dòng)詞ed形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，句中的賓語往往就是其邏輯主語，該動(dòng)詞與賓語之間存在動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。 The manager was satisfied to see many new products developed after great effort.(2014四川高考) 4動(dòng)詞ed形式作表語 動(dòng)詞ed形式作表語時(shí)，大多數(shù)是已經(jīng)形容詞化的過去分詞。如：seated，disappointed，stuck，excited等。 While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted，He
4、nry did his best to perform his duty.(2014安徽高考) 二、動(dòng)詞的ing形式 1動(dòng)詞ing形式作狀語 (1)動(dòng)詞的ing形式作狀語表示在進(jìn)行一動(dòng)作的同時(shí)所進(jìn)行的另一動(dòng)作，它對(duì)謂語動(dòng)詞起修飾和陪襯的作用。動(dòng)詞的ing形式作狀語可以表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步、結(jié)果、方式或伴隨情況。 Pressed from his parents，and realizing that he has wasted too much time，the boy is determined to stop playing video games.(2012福建高考) There i
5、s no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland，staring at the night sky.(2014湖南高考) (2)動(dòng)詞ing形式有一般式、被動(dòng)式、完成式和完成被動(dòng)式四種形式，每一種形式的否定式都是直接在前面加not構(gòu)成。一般式(doing)表示主動(dòng)的一般性的動(dòng)作或者正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作；被動(dòng)式(being done)表示正在進(jìn)行的被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作；完成式(having done)表示發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之前的主動(dòng)的動(dòng)作；完成被動(dòng)式(having been done)表示發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之前的被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作
6、。 Having been told many times，he finally understood it. The old man，having worked abroad for twenty years，came back to his motherland. Not having fully recovered from the operation，the patient was advised to stay in hospital for another two weeks. 2動(dòng)詞ing形式作定語 動(dòng)詞ing形式(短語)作定語與所修飾的名詞之間存在著邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，表示該動(dòng)作
7、的主動(dòng)和進(jìn)行。 Theres a note pinned to the door saying when the shop will open again.(2014山東高考) 3動(dòng)詞ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語 動(dòng)詞ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，句中的賓語往往就是其邏輯主語，該動(dòng)詞與賓語之間存在主謂關(guān)系。動(dòng)詞ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語強(qiáng)調(diào)正在進(jìn)行中的主動(dòng)動(dòng)作。可以帶有這種復(fù)合賓語的動(dòng)詞有see，watch，hear，observe，feel，find，have，keep等。 Jenny found a wallet lying on the ground. 4動(dòng)詞ing形式作賓語 (1)常接動(dòng)詞ing作賓
8、語的動(dòng)詞(短語) advise (建議)，admit (承認(rèn))，appreciate (感激)，avoid (避免)，cant help (禁不住)，consider (考慮)，delay (推遲)，enjoy (欣賞)，escape (逃脫)，finish (完成)，imagine (想象)，keep (on) (繼續(xù))，mind (介意)，practice (練習(xí))，suggest (建議)，miss (錯(cuò)過)，feel like (想要)，devote.to (把獻(xiàn)給)，get used to (習(xí)慣于)，look forward to (期望)，object to (反對(duì))，set a
9、bout (開始)，put off (推遲)等。 I had great difficulty finding the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant. Bill suggested holding a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation. (2)可用動(dòng)詞ing，也可用不定式作賓語，但意義區(qū)別明顯的動(dòng)詞 I still remember being taken to the Famen Temple and what I saw there. (
10、3)動(dòng)詞want，need，require意為“需要”時(shí)，后面跟動(dòng)詞ing主動(dòng)式或動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)式作賓語區(qū)別不大。 The flowers need/want/require watering/to be watered. (4)在動(dòng)詞allow，advise，forbid，permit后面直接跟動(dòng)詞ing作賓語，如果有名詞或代詞作賓語，則應(yīng)用帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。 We dont allow smoking here. We dont allow anyone to smoke here. 5動(dòng)詞ing形式作主語 動(dòng)詞ing形式作主語表示抽象的、泛指的動(dòng)作，尤其是一般行為傾向。
11、(1)一般形式 Its not easy to learn English well. Reading as much as possible is necessary. (2)通常為了避免句子主語過于冗長，用it作形式主語，動(dòng)詞ing后置。 It is no good learning without practice. 三、動(dòng)詞不定式 1不定式作狀語 (1)不定式用來作目的狀語。作目的狀語時(shí)，不定式的邏輯主語通常也是全句的主語，往往意為“為了；想要”。 Having finished her project，she was invited by the school to speak to
12、 the new students.(2012江西高考) (2)不定式用于so.as to.；such.as to；enough to.；too.to.；only to.等結(jié)構(gòu)中作結(jié)果狀語。 Anxiously，she took the dress out of the package and tried it on，only to find it didnt fit.(2014天津高考) 【悟一悟參透誤區(qū)】 不定式和現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語的區(qū)別：不定式作結(jié)果狀語往往表示意想不到的結(jié)果，而現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語則表示自然而然的結(jié)果。 It rained heavily in the south，cau
13、sing serious flooding in several provinces. (3)不定式與形容詞連用作原因狀語。這些形容詞主要有：happy，kind，surprised，frightened，angry，shocked，glad，delighted，disappointed等。 We were astonished to find the temple still in its original condition. (4)在“beadj.(pleasant，nice，comfortable，hard，easy等)to do sth.”結(jié)構(gòu)中，常用不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。
14、In many peoples opinion，that company，though relatively small，is pleasant to deal with. 2不定式作定語 動(dòng)詞不定式作定語多表示將來的動(dòng)作。 We are invited to a party to be held in our club next Friday. 3have，get后作賓補(bǔ)的三種非謂語動(dòng)詞形式 have，get作“使、讓、叫”講時(shí)，其后可接“動(dòng)詞ed形式，動(dòng)詞ing形式和動(dòng)詞不定式”這三種形式作賓補(bǔ)。 (1)have sth.done get sth.done使/讓某事被別人所做；使某物遭受
15、Every year，Tom remembers to have some flowers sent to her mother on her birthday. Mr. Smith had his house broken into while he was away on holiday. 【悟一悟參透誤區(qū)】 have sth. to do“有事情要做”。在此結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式作定語。 Im sorry，I cant go out with you. I have an urgent thing to settle. 學(xué)以致用 .用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1(2014湖南高考)_(free)o
16、urselves from the physical and mental tensions，we each need deep thought and inner quietness. 2(2014四川高考)I hope to take the computer courese. Good idea._(find)out more about it，visit this website. 3(2014江西高考)_(spend)nearly all our money，we couldnt afford to stay at a hotel. 4(2014陜西高考)_(work)out the
17、 difficult maths problem，I have consulted Professor Russell several times. 5(2014重慶高考)Group activities will be organized after class_(help)children develop team spirit. 6(2014福建高考)_(spend)the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong，Linda appears more mature than those of her age. 7(2014江蘇高考)Th
18、e lecture_(give)，a lively questionandanswer session followed. 8(2014北京高考)Last night，there were millions of people_(watch)the opening ceremony live on TV. 9(2014北京高考)There are still many problems_(solve)before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon. 10(2014江西高考)He is thought _ (act)foolishly.Now he
19、 has no one but himself to blame for losing the job. 11(2014江西高考)When it comes to _ (speak)in public，no one can match him. 12(2014陜西高考)Its quite hot today. Do you feel like _(go)for a swim? 13(2014北京高考)The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore，he can go shopping without _(recognize) 14(2014山東高考)Its
20、standard practice for a company like this one _(employ)a security officer. 15(2013山東高考)The room is empty except for a bookshelf_(stand) in one corner. 16(2013山東高考)I stopped the car_(take) a short break as I was feeling tired. 17(2013山東高考)_(eat) at the cafeteria before，Tina didnt want to eat there ag
21、ain. 18(2013陜西高考)Let those in need_(understand) that we will go all out to help them. 19(2013陜西高考)The witnesses_(question) by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight. 20(2013四川高考)Not_(know) which university to attend，the girl asked her teacher for advice. 21(2013四川高考)The ai
22、rport_(complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area. 22(2013天津高考)In some languages，100 words make up half of all words_(use) in daily conversations. 23(2013新課標(biāo)全國卷)They might just have a place_(leave) on the writing coursewhy dont you give it a try? 24(2013新課標(biāo)全國卷)The sunlight is white a
23、nd blinding，_(throw) hardedged shadows on the ground. 25(2013重慶高考)When I was little，my mother used to sit by my bed，_(tell) me stories till I fell asleep. 26(2013重慶高考)The engine just wont start.Something seems_(go) wrong with it. 27(2013浙江高考)_(hear) how others react to the book you have just read cr
24、eates an added pleasure. 28(2013浙江高考)There are some health problems that，when not_(treat) in time，can become bigger ones later on. 答案1.To free2.To find3.Having spent4.To work 5to help6.Having spent7.having been given 8watching9.to be solved10.to have acted11.speaking 12going13.being recognized14.to
25、employ 15standing16.to take17.Having eaten18.understand 19questioned20.knowing21.to be completed22.used23.left24.throwing25.telling 26.to have gone 27Hearing28.treated .語篇填空(用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成下列短文) Freud was one of the first scientists 1._(make) serious research of the mind.The mind is the collection of a
26、ctivities 2._(base) in the brain that involve how we act，think，feel and reason. He used long talks with patients and the study of dreams 3._(search) for the causes of mental and emotional problems.He also tried hypnosis.He wanted to see if 4._(put) patients into a sleeplike condition would help ease
27、 5._(trouble) minds.In most cases he found the effects only temporary.Freud worked hard，although what he did might sound easy.His method involved 6._(sit) with his patients and 7._(listen) to them talk.He had them 8._(talk) about whatever they were thinking.All ideas，thoughts and anything that entered their mind had to 9._(express)There could be no 10._(hold) back because of fear or guilt. 答案1.to make2.based3.to search4.putting 5troubled6.sitting7.listening8.talk 9be expressed10.holding
高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) 第二部分 語法專項(xiàng)專練 專題四 非謂語動(dòng)詞課件 北師大版
