unit2 english around the world導(dǎo)學(xué)案

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1、Helping Hands for the first-round revision Editors: Huang Yuchun Proof readers:Wang Liqiang Kang Jianqiu Unit 2 Module One The 3rd week (2) 類(lèi)別 課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求掌握的項(xiàng)目 話(huà)題 English language and its development; differ

2、ent kinds of English 詞匯 名詞： elevator, petrol, gas, voyage, apartment, vocabulary, spelling, identity, expression, Spanish, lorry, accent, lightning, block, cab, AD, base, Danish, Singapore, Malaysia, usage, command, request, 動(dòng)詞：base, command, request, recognize 形容詞：official, gradual, fluent, na

3、tive, latter, frequent, midwestern, African, southeastern, northeastern, straight, Danish, Spanish, eastern, 副詞：fluently, gradually, actually, frequently 短語(yǔ)： because of, come up, at present, make sure of, such as, play a part in 功能 語(yǔ)言交際困難（Difficulties in language communication） Pardon? I beg y

4、our pardon? I don’t understand. Could you say that again, please? Sorry, I can’t follow you. Could you repeat that, please? Can you speak more slowly, please? How do you spell it, please? 句型 1. Today, more people speak English as their first, second or a foreign language than ever before. 2.

5、Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don’t speak the same kind of English. 3. So why has English changed over time? 4. For example, India has a very large number of fluent English speakers. Today the number of people learning English in China is increasing rapidly. 5. E

6、nglish is also spoken in Singapore and Malaysia and countries in Africa such as South Africa. 6. At first the English spoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150 was very different from the English spoken today. 7. Believe it or not, there is no such thing as standard English. 8. American Eng

7、lish has so many dialects because people have come from all over the world. 9. It was based more on German than the English we speak at present. 10. The latter gave a separate identity to American English spelling. 11. English became less like German because those who ruled England spoke first D

8、anish and later French. 12. So by the 1600’s Shakespeare was able to make use of a wider vocabulary than ever before. 基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)歸納 1. command n. & v. 命令；指令；掌握 command sb. to do sth. command that sb. (should) do sth. 命令某人做某事 have a good command of 精通 at sb’s command 聽(tīng)某

9、人支配 under one’s command 由某人指揮 under the command of sb. 在某人的指揮之下 用法歸納： (1) He commanded his soldiers to stand at attention. He commanded his soldiers (should ) stand at ease. (2) You must obey the captain’s commands. (3) He has 1,200 men under his command. (4) The students who ar

10、e fit for the job must have (a) good command of English. 2. request n. & v. 請(qǐng)求，要求 用法歸納： at one’s request / at the request of sb. 應(yīng)某人的請(qǐng)求/要求 on/upon request 一經(jīng)要求 by request (of sb.) 應(yīng)（某人的）請(qǐng)求，經(jīng)（某人的）要求 request sth. from / of sb. 請(qǐng)求，要求… request sb. to do sth. 要求某人去做某事 requ

11、est to do sth某人要求做某事 request that…(should) do 要求…… (1)You’d better request them to help when you are in trouble. (2) The staff requested that he (should) consider his decision again. (3)I’m going to the supermarket, any requests? (4)Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. 3. reco

12、gnize v. 辨認(rèn)出，承認(rèn)，公認(rèn) recognition n. 認(rèn)識(shí)；認(rèn)出 用法歸納： recognize sb. /one’s voice 認(rèn)出某人（聽(tīng)出某人的聲音） recognize… as/to be… 承認(rèn)……是…… recognize that… 認(rèn)識(shí)到 It is recognized that… 人們公認(rèn)…… out of / beyond recognition 認(rèn)不出來(lái)/面目全非 (1)He didn’t recognize his old friend at once. (2)This group of wo

13、rkers recognized him to be / as their great leader. 4. 表示原因的短語(yǔ) because of ; owing to; due to; thanks to; as a result of ; on account of 5. base n. 基礎(chǔ)，基地（含工業(yè)基礎(chǔ)和軍事基地） basis n. 基礎(chǔ)，根據(jù)（指討論、推斷的根據(jù)） basic adj. 基礎(chǔ)的；基本的，首要的 base…on/upon 把…建立于…基礎(chǔ)之上 be based in 設(shè)立在….. at the base of 在……的

14、底部 on the basis of 以……為基礎(chǔ) (1) One should always base his opinion on facts. (2)The film is based on a story written by Lawrence. (3) We had a rest at the base of the mountain. such as 例如（列舉事實(shí)） for example 例如 （舉例） for instance 例如 （舉例） namely 即，也就是 and so on 等等

15、 etc. 等等 take… for example 以……為例 6. 7. over: during the time Will you be at home over Christmas? over: by using People can hear the news over the radio. over: more than Children over seven should go to school. over: while doing or eating etc. They relaxed

16、over a glass of wine. come across 偶然遇到 come about 發(fā)生出現(xiàn) come on 快來(lái)、加油 come out 出來(lái)、出版 come at 攻擊、向...撲來(lái) come back to life 復(fù)活 come up with 想出 （主意等）come up過(guò)來(lái)；被提出；出現(xiàn) 8. come on： 1). 催促；快速運(yùn)動(dòng)。常用于祈使語(yǔ)氣 Would you please come on? We’ll be late! 請(qǐng)快一點(diǎn)吧！我們要晚了！ 2). 制止一種

17、不合適的行為；放棄一種職位或態(tài)度；強(qiáng)迫。主要用于祈使語(yǔ)氣 You’ve used the same feeble excuse for weeks. Come on！ 幾個(gè)星期以來(lái)你一直采用相同的無(wú)力借口。別再裝了！ 3). 遞增；按增額發(fā)展或進(jìn)步 Darkness came on after seven. 七點(diǎn)以后天色漸暗。 4). 逐漸開(kāi)始；按曉得增額或程度開(kāi)始 Sleet came on after one o’clock. 在一點(diǎn)鐘后冰雹到來(lái)了。 9. make full /good use of 充分使用 make the best use of= ma

18、ke the most of= make the best of 充分使用 make little use of 不充分使用 take advantage of 利用 be of great use 很有用 be / go out of use 不被使用；廢棄 come into use 開(kāi)始被使用 be in use 在使用中 bring /put… to use 加以使用 It’s no use doing sth. 做某事沒(méi)用 (1) We should make use of time to finish the w

19、ork. (2) Since you’ve got a chance, you must make full use of it. (3) We could make better use of our resources. (4) The limited time should be made use of to prepare for the upcoming examinations. 10.Believe it or not, there is no such thing as standard English. no such＋名詞單數(shù)＋as“沒(méi)有所謂的……” not

20、such a＋名詞單數(shù)“沒(méi)有所謂的“ ……” 拓展： many such men / one such thing/all such examples He said he hadn't got time or made some such excuse. 他說(shuō)他沒(méi)有時(shí)間, 或是諸如此類(lèi)的藉口. more than + 數(shù)詞 超過(guò)，多于 more than + 名詞 不僅是，不只是 more than + 形容詞/ 副詞 非常，十分 no more than = only 只有，僅僅 not more than 至多，不超過(guò)

21、 no less than 不少于，多達(dá) more…than 與其說(shuō) … 倒不如說(shuō) … 11. (1) She is more diligent than clever. (2) I’m more than satisfied with what you have done. (3)There are no more than 3 spelling errors in the composition. 12. at present: now; at this time, at this moment At present he i

22、s a professor of mathematics at Cambridge. present adj. 現(xiàn)在的； 出席的； 到場(chǎng)的； He doesn’t know how to deal with the present situation. The people present at the meeting are advanced workers. He was present at the meeting the other day. 13. 關(guān)于“旅行”： 學(xué)以致用，我來(lái)挑戰(zhàn)（用本單元的詞或短語(yǔ)填空） voyage: a journey by sea to

23、a foreign or distant land 去國(guó)外或較遠(yuǎn)地方的海上旅行 journey: the act of travelling from one place to another 指較遠(yuǎn)的從一地到另一地旅行 travel: a series of journeys一系列的旅程，尤指旅行的概念 trip: a short going from one place to another （短途）旅行 tour: a trip with visits to various places of interest for business, pleasure, or instruc

24、tion 為了公務(wù)、娛樂(lè)或教育參觀多處名勝的旅行 Different Countries Have Different Kinds of Englishes ___1__ of people from England play an important part in spreading the English language. ___ 2_ _, English is ___3__ spoken as an ___4__ or common language in many countries, ___ 5_ _ America, Si

25、ngapore, Malaysia and some African countries. All ___6_ _ British English, the English spoken in these countries can be well understood by native English speakers. But ___7__, these English have been ___8__ _ changing in ___9_ _, spellings, expressions and the ___10__ of vocabulary. Because

26、of this fact, you can ___11_ _ the differences to tell which country the foreigners of your ___12_ _ are from. For example, if a boss fluently ___13__ his driver, “______14_______ to my apartment by ___15__ and take some ___16__ for my trucks and ___17_ _”, instead of ___18 __, “Pleas

27、e come to my flat by lift and take some petrol for my lorries and taxis”, you can recognize his American ___19_ _, while the latter ___ 20__ that he is British. 英國(guó)人的航海在英語(yǔ)的傳播中扮演了重要的角色。目前，英語(yǔ)在許多國(guó)家被作為官方語(yǔ)言或通用語(yǔ)言頻繁地使用，例如美國(guó)、新加波、馬來(lái)西亞和一些非洲的國(guó)家。這些國(guó)家的英語(yǔ)都以英式英語(yǔ)為基礎(chǔ)，能很好地為以英語(yǔ)為本族語(yǔ)的人所理解。但是實(shí)際上，這些英語(yǔ)在口音、拼寫(xiě)、表達(dá)和詞匯的使用方面都

28、在逐漸變化。 因?yàn)檫@一情況的存在，你就可以利用這些英語(yǔ)之間的區(qū)別說(shuō)出你們街區(qū)的外國(guó)人是哪個(gè)國(guó)家來(lái)的了。例如，如果有個(gè)老板流利地命令他的司機(jī)：“Come up straight to my apartment by elevator and take some gas for my trucks and cabs（直接搭電梯到我公寓上來(lái)拿卡車(chē)和出租車(chē)的汽油）”，而不是要求說(shuō)，“Please come to my flat by lift and take some petrol for my lorries and taxis（請(qǐng)直接搭電梯到我公寓上來(lái)拿卡車(chē)和出租車(chē)的汽油）”，你就可以輕易地辨

29、認(rèn)出他的美國(guó)人身份，而后者卻暗示著那是一位英國(guó)人。 基本技能競(jìng)技場(chǎng) 完成句子 1.There's ______________（沒(méi)有這種事）as magic. 2. _____________________（沒(méi)有這個(gè)人）in this class. 3.They asked____________________（那么多的問(wèn)題）that they confused me. 4.I have _____________________（這么多的工作）to do that I can't go out with you 5.There is ______________

30、_____（這么少的時(shí)間）that we can't finish the work on time. 6.We haven’t met for 20 years, but we ____________（認(rèn)識(shí)） each other at first sight. 7.I have __________ (認(rèn)識(shí)) this tailor for 30 years. 8.The UN__________________________（扮演著重要的角色）in international relations. 9.The part that teachers _____________

31、____（扮演的）the society is great. 10.I'd like to _________________（參與）in their discussion. 11.He _______________________（擔(dān)任角色）of Hamlet in the play last week. 句子翻譯 1．現(xiàn)在, 每年有超過(guò)100萬(wàn)的旅客來(lái)廣州觀光旅游。 ____ ____ , ____ ____ one million visitors travel to Guangzhou every year. 2. 他們的友誼是建立在多年相互開(kāi)放溝通的基礎(chǔ)上

32、的。 Their relationship was ______ __ years of open ____ ____ each other. 3. 世界淡水資源十分有限，因此我們必須充分利用。 The world’s fresh water resources are very limited so we must _____ ___. 4. 不管你相不相信, 我們已經(jīng)逐漸地可以用英語(yǔ)流利地表達(dá)了。 _____ ___, we have _______________________________

33、 _________ . 5. 實(shí)際上學(xué)好英語(yǔ)有很多簡(jiǎn)單的方法, 例如看英文電視或和外國(guó)朋友在線(xiàn)聊天。 ________, there are _____________ ___________, such as watching English TV shows and___ _____. 6. 政府應(yīng)該盡快想出更好的辦法來(lái)解決高油價(jià)所帶來(lái)的問(wèn)題。 The government should ___ _____a better solution to the probl

34、ems______________ _________. 7. 你應(yīng)該好好利用機(jī)會(huì)練習(xí)英語(yǔ)。(make use of ) You ought to _______________________________________ _________. 8. Rose 看起來(lái)比以前漂亮多了。（than ever before） 9. 即使我得一路走著去， 我也要到那兒，（even if, all the way） 10. 我喜歡老師上課的方式。（the way） 單句改錯(cuò) 1．In the end of this

35、term, the school will organize a summer camp. 2. The highway was closed because the heavy snow that had never been seen for fifty years. 3. The large number of people in China are learning English now. 4. The result based on a lot of experiments. 5. Mary and Bob can understand each other since t

36、hey don’t speak the same kind of English. 6. In different part of the world, people have their own ways to celebrate the New Year. 7. My mother told me not play computer games on weekdays. 8. My little sister asked me leave her alone at home. 9. He is no such a fool as he looks. 單項(xiàng)選擇 1. The en

37、gineers are so busy that they have zero time for outdoor sports activities, ____ they have the interest. A. wherever B. whenever C. even if D. as if 2. –I’ll do the washing-up. Jack, would you please do the floors? -- ____. A. Yes, please B. No, I don’t C. Yes, sure D.

38、 No, not at all 3. The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair ____ he wanted to sit next to his wife. A. although B. unless C. because D. if 4. We should consider the students’ request ______ the school library provide more books on popular science. A. that B. when

39、 C. which D. where 5. In the good care of the nurses, the boy is ____ recovering from his heart operation. A. quietly B. actually C. practically D. gradually 6. Lucy said, “I went to China in 2008.” Lucy said she __________to China in 2008. A. had gone B. went

40、 C. have gone D. go 7. What a wonder! They’ve finished ______ half of project in such a short time. A. no more than B. no less than C. not more than D. much less than 8. The manager of the company told us that very little ____ was made of the waste material in the past. A

41、. cost B. value C. use D. matter 9.---I don’t think I’ll be able to go mountain-climbing tomorrow. ---____? A. And how B. How come C. How’s it going D. How about it 10. It’s no use ____ without taking any action. A. complain B. complaining C. being complai

42、ned D. to be complained 11. ---The film is, I have to say, not a bit interesting. ---Why? It’s ______ than the films I have ever seen. A. far more interesting B. much less interesting C. no more interesting D. any less interesting 12. ---Did your sister pass the exam? ---She fai

43、led and is in low spirits. ---I’m sorry for her. ---______. A. Thank you B. You’re welcome C. I would think so D. Never mind 教材大觀 同文異賞

44、（牛津 必3 U2） English and its history All around history, people from many different countries and cultures lived together in Britain. The English language is made up of the grammar and vocabulary these people brought to Britain. That is why English has so many different rules th

45、at confuse people. Old English Old English is very different from the English we speak nowadays. In fact, we would not be able to understand it if we heard it today. Before the middle of the 5th century, people in Britain all spoke a language called Celtic. Then two Germani

46、c groups from the European mainland---the Angles and the Saxons---occupied Britain. Old English consisted of a mixture of their language. (Both the English language and the English people are named after the Angles; the word Angle was spelt Engle in Old English.) Aside from place names such as Londo

47、n, very few Celtic words became part of Old English. At the end of the 9th century, the Vikings, people from Northern European countries such as Denmark and Norway, began to move to Britain. They brought with them their languages, which also mixed with Old English. By the 10th century, Old English h

48、ad become the official language of England. When we speak English today, we sometimes feel puzzled about which words or phrases to use. This is because English has many words and phrases from different languages, but with similar meanings. For example, the word sick came from a word once used by th

49、e Angles and the Saxons, while ill came from a word once used by the Norwegians. Middle English Middle English is the name given to the English used from around the 12th to the 15th centuries. Many things played a part in the development of this new type of English. The mo

50、st important contribution was from the Normans, a French-speaking people who defeated England and took control of the country in1066. However, the Norman Conquest did not affect English as much as the Angles and the Saxons’ victory about 6000years either, which led to Old English replacing Celtic. E

51、ven though the Normans spoke French for the entire 250 years they ruled England, French did not replace English as the first language. On the other land, the English language did borrow many words from French. This resulted in even more words with similar meanings, such as answer (from Old English)

52、and reply( from Old French). It is interesting to learn how the words for animals and meat developed. After the Norman Conquest, many English people worked as servants who raised animals. Therefore, the words we use for most animals raised for food, such as cow, sheep and pig, came from Old English.

53、 However, the words for the meat of these animals, which was served to the Normans, came from Old French: beef, mutton, pork and bacon. Old French made other contributions to Middle English as well. In Old English, the Germanic way of making words plural was used.. For example, they said housen ins

54、tead of houses, and shoen instead of shoes. After the Normans took control, they began using the French way of making plurals, adding an –s to house and shoe Only a few words kept their Germanic plural forms, such as man/men and child/childen. After the Norman Conquest, high-class people spoke Fren

55、ch while common people spoke English. However, by the latter half of the 14th century, English had come into widespread use among all classes in England. In 1399, Henry IV became King of England. His mother tongue was English, and he used English for all official events.

56、 Modern English Modern English appeared during the Renaissance in the 16th century. Because of this, Modern English includes many Latin and Greek words. Pronunciation also went through huge changes during this period. Of course, this was not the end of the changes in the English language. The quest

57、ion of whether English will keep on changing in the future is easy top answer. It is certain that this process will continue, and people will keep inventing new words and new ways of saying things. Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions. 1. Where did the Angles, the Saxon

58、s and the Jutes come from? 2. Why can similar pairs of words be found in the English language? 3. What was the German plural form replaced by? 4. Which King of England used English for all official occasions? 5. When did Modern English appear? 14 Knowledge is a treasure, but practice is the key to it. ---Thomas Fuller