安徽省中考英語(yǔ) 第二部分 專題語(yǔ)法 高效突破 專項(xiàng)13 簡(jiǎn)單句課件

《安徽省中考英語(yǔ) 第二部分 專題語(yǔ)法 高效突破 專項(xiàng)13 簡(jiǎn)單句課件》由會(huì)員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《安徽省中考英語(yǔ) 第二部分 專題語(yǔ)法 高效突破 專項(xiàng)13 簡(jiǎn)單句課件（21頁(yè)珍藏版）》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、 第二部分第二部分 專項(xiàng)語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng)語(yǔ)法 高效突破高效突破專項(xiàng)專項(xiàng) 1313 簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)1 1 疑問(wèn)句疑問(wèn)句 1.1.一般疑問(wèn)句一般疑問(wèn)句 以系動(dòng)詞be、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞開(kāi)頭，可以用yes / no來(lái)回答的疑問(wèn)句叫一般疑問(wèn)句。 2.2.特殊疑問(wèn)句特殊疑問(wèn)句 用特殊疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的疑問(wèn)句叫特殊疑問(wèn)句。特殊疑問(wèn)詞包括疑問(wèn)代詞、疑問(wèn)副詞和由疑問(wèn)詞構(gòu)成的疑問(wèn)短語(yǔ)。特殊疑問(wèn)句不能用yes / no回答。 (1)常用疑問(wèn)代詞：what“什么”，用來(lái)詢問(wèn)職業(yè)或身份；who“誰(shuí)”，用來(lái)詢問(wèn)身份；whom“誰(shuí)”(who的賓格)；which“哪個(gè)”，用來(lái)詢問(wèn)特定的人或物；whose“誰(shuí)的”，用來(lái)詢問(wèn)物品的主人。

2、疑問(wèn)代詞可以提問(wèn)主語(yǔ)、 賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。如：What is in your pocket？你包里是什么？Who broke the window？誰(shuí)打破了窗戶？Whom are you talking with？你在和誰(shuí)說(shuō)話？Which does he want？他想要哪一個(gè)？ Whose pens are these？這些是誰(shuí)的鋼筆？高頻考點(diǎn)高頻考點(diǎn)精講精講 (2)常用疑問(wèn)副詞：when“何時(shí)”，用來(lái)詢問(wèn)時(shí)間；where“何地”，用來(lái)詢問(wèn)地點(diǎn)、位置；how“怎么”，用來(lái)詢問(wèn)方式；why“為什么”，用來(lái)詢問(wèn)原因。 疑問(wèn)副詞提問(wèn)狀語(yǔ)。如：When will you go to Japan？你什

3、么時(shí)候去日本？Where do you live？你住在哪兒？How do you go to school？你怎么去學(xué)校？Why were you late？你為什么遲到？ (3)常用疑問(wèn)詞組詞組意義用法答語(yǔ)例句how long 多長(zhǎng)提問(wèn)物體的長(zhǎng)度物體的長(zhǎng)度How long is the river？這條河有多長(zhǎng)。About 500 km.大約500千米。多久提問(wèn)一段時(shí)間for一段時(shí)間 / since短語(yǔ)或從句How long did he stay here？他在這待了多久？About two weeks.大約兩周。 how soon(2013.34)多久以后提問(wèn)某個(gè)動(dòng)作要多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間發(fā)生或結(jié)

4、束in一段時(shí)間How soon will he be back？他多久后回來(lái)？In a week.一周之后。how many多少提問(wèn)可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量數(shù)詞(名詞)How many sisters do you have？你有多少姐妹？Two.兩個(gè)。how much 多少 提問(wèn)不可數(shù)名詞數(shù)詞(不可數(shù)名詞)How much bread do you need？你需要多少面包？Two pieces of bread.兩片面包。 問(wèn)價(jià)格價(jià)格How much is the book？這本書多少錢？￥8.8元。how far(2008.36) 多遠(yuǎn)提問(wèn)距離數(shù)詞(量詞)How far is it from yo

5、ur home to school？從你家到學(xué)校有多遠(yuǎn)？About 3 kilometers.大約3千米。 how often多久一次對(duì)表示“頻率”的副詞或短語(yǔ)提問(wèn)twice a month等頻率副詞或every day等短語(yǔ)How often do you visit here？你多久參觀一次這里？Once a week.一周一次。 3.3.選擇疑問(wèn)句選擇疑問(wèn)句 用來(lái)在兩種或兩種以上情況中進(jìn)行選擇的疑問(wèn)句叫選擇疑問(wèn)句。 選擇疑問(wèn)句不用yes或no回答，只要根據(jù)實(shí)際情況回答即可。常見(jiàn)的兩種結(jié)構(gòu)： (1)一般疑問(wèn)句一個(gè)選擇對(duì)象or另一個(gè)選擇對(duì)象？如：Are you a teacher or a

6、student？你是老師還是學(xué)生？Im a student.我是一名學(xué)生。 (2)特殊疑問(wèn)句一個(gè)選擇對(duì)象or另一個(gè)選擇對(duì)象？如：When will he leave for London，today or tomorrow？他何時(shí)動(dòng)身去倫敦，今天還是明天？Tomorrow.明天 4.4.反意疑問(wèn)句反意疑問(wèn)句 附在陳述句后，對(duì)陳述內(nèi)容進(jìn)行反問(wèn)的句子叫反意疑問(wèn)句，一般由兩部分組成：陳述句簡(jiǎn)略問(wèn)句？其答語(yǔ)為難點(diǎn)，基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：前肯后否，前否后肯；前后(人稱、時(shí)態(tài))一致。如：They work here，dont they？他們?cè)谶@里工作，不是嗎？She was ill yesterday，wasnt

7、she？她昨天病了，不是嗎？ 反意疑問(wèn)句中的特殊形式： (1)若陳述句中含有否定副詞never(從不，決不)，hardly(幾乎不)或其他表示否定的代詞或副詞，如：nothing，none，no one，nobody，neither，few，little，seldom等時(shí)，則附加問(wèn)句只能用肯定形式。如：He can hardly swim，can he？他幾乎不會(huì)游泳，是嗎？They seldom come late，do they？他們很少遲到，是嗎？ (2)陳述句是I think / I suppose / I believe / I consider等結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，問(wèn)句一般與從句保持一致。注意

8、否定前移。如：I think Lucy is a good girl，isnt she？我認(rèn)為露西是一個(gè)好女孩，不是嗎？I didnt think he was happy，was he？我認(rèn)為他不快樂(lè)，是嗎？ (3)祈使句反問(wèn)分兩種情況：Lets do something，shall we / will you？如：Let us go to the park，will you？我們?nèi)ス珗@可以嗎？ (4)陳述句主語(yǔ)是something / anything / everything / nothing等不定代詞時(shí)，反問(wèn)句中代詞用it；陳述句主語(yǔ)是somebody / someone / any

9、body / anyone / everybody / everyone等時(shí)，反問(wèn)句中代詞用they，she或he，注意問(wèn)句中動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與they / she / he保持一致。如：Everyone is in the classroom，arent they？每個(gè)人都在教室里，不是嗎？Everything begins to grow in spring，doesnt it？春季萬(wàn)物開(kāi)始生長(zhǎng)，不是嗎？Nobody will go，will they？沒(méi)有人會(huì)去，他們會(huì)嗎？ 考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)2 2 倒裝句倒裝句 1.so1.so引導(dǎo)的部分倒裝引導(dǎo)的部分倒裝 (1)完全倒裝：so助動(dòng)詞 / 系動(dòng)詞 /

10、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)，意為“也一樣”，上下句中主語(yǔ)是不同的兩個(gè)人或物，但發(fā)生同樣的行為或狀態(tài)，是表示肯定的倒裝。如：He can sing a lot of English songs，so can she.他會(huì)唱很多英語(yǔ)歌曲，她也是。She speaks English very well，so do I她英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得好，我也是。 (2)易混句式：so主語(yǔ)助動(dòng)詞 / 系動(dòng)詞 / 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)，意為“確實(shí)如此”。該句式表示的是對(duì)前面所說(shuō)的事實(shí)加以肯定，上下句中主語(yǔ)是相同的人或物。如：Its raining hard.雨下得很大。So it is.確實(shí)如此。 2 2neither / norneither

11、/ nor引導(dǎo)的倒裝句引導(dǎo)的倒裝句 neither / nor助動(dòng)詞 / 系動(dòng)詞 / 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)，意為“也不”，上下句中主語(yǔ)是不同的兩個(gè)人或物，他們的行為或狀況一樣，是表示否定的倒裝。如：He didnt pass the exam，neither / nor did I他沒(méi)有通過(guò)考試，我也沒(méi)有。 so引導(dǎo)的倒裝句與neither / nor引導(dǎo)的倒裝句中的助動(dòng)詞、系動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在形式上與前面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞保持一致，但由它們的主語(yǔ)決定單復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：I enjoy reading the book and so does my wife.我喜歡讀這本書，我的妻子也是。I enjoy readi

12、ng the book and so do they.我喜歡讀這本書，他們也是。 3 3副詞引導(dǎo)的倒裝句副詞引導(dǎo)的倒裝句 以here，there，out，in，down，up，away，now，then等副詞開(kāi)頭構(gòu)成的倒裝句，有兩種形式： (1)副詞動(dòng)詞名詞(完全倒裝) (2)副詞代詞動(dòng)詞(部分倒裝)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞由它們后面的名詞或代詞決定單復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：Here are some books.這兒有一些書。There goes the bell.鈴響了?？键c(diǎn)考點(diǎn)3 3 there bethere be句型，祈使句和感嘆句句型，祈使句和感嘆句 1.there be1.there be句型句型 (1)

13、“there besb./ sth.地點(diǎn)”表示“某處有某人或某物?！眀e動(dòng)詞必須和主語(yǔ)保持人稱和數(shù)的一致。如果主語(yǔ)部分是兩個(gè)以上的并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，be動(dòng)詞一般和就近主語(yǔ)的數(shù)和人稱保持一致。如：There are some birds in the tree.樹(shù)上有一些鳥。There is a car in the street.那條街上有一輛汽車。There is a boy，a girl and two women in the house.房子里有一個(gè)男孩，一個(gè)女孩和兩個(gè)婦女。There are ten students and a teacher in the office.辦公室里有十個(gè)學(xué)

14、生和一個(gè)教師。 (2)“there besb./ sth.地點(diǎn)”的否定形式是在動(dòng)詞be后面加not，not any，no。其一般疑問(wèn)句則需要把be提到句首。 如：陳述句：There is some money in the purse.在錢包里有一些錢。 否定句形式：There isnt any money in the purse.在錢包里沒(méi)有錢。 一般疑問(wèn)句：Is there any money in the purse？錢包里有錢嗎？ (3)there be句型有不同的時(shí)態(tài)，而且可以和各種助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用。如：There ought to have been someone on d

15、uty all the time.本來(lái)應(yīng)該有人全天值班。There is going to be a rain.要下雨了。There lies a small village in the mountain.山里有個(gè)小村子。There have been a lot of accident around here since last year.從去年開(kāi)始，這里已經(jīng)發(fā)生了多起事故。 2. 2.祈使句祈使句 用來(lái)表示請(qǐng)求、命令、勸告、建議等的句子叫祈使句。祈使句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用動(dòng)詞原形。 (1)祈使句的肯定形式 動(dòng)詞原形其他成分。如：Close the door！關(guān)上門！ 動(dòng)詞前加上do加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，表

16、示“務(wù)必，一定”。如：Do let me have another try.請(qǐng)務(wù)必讓我再試試。 Let賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞原形(其他成分)。如：Let me tell you the answer！讓我告訴你答案吧！ (2)祈使句的否定形式 Dont動(dòng)詞原形其他成分。如：Dont make a noise.不要制造噪音。 在公共場(chǎng)合的提示語(yǔ)中，祈使句的否定句常用“No名詞或動(dòng)名詞”，表示“禁止做某事”。如：No smoking！禁止吸煙！ 3.3.感嘆句感嘆句形式結(jié)構(gòu)例句What引導(dǎo) What a / an形容詞可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)(主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ))！What a clever kid(he is)！多么聰明的孩子啊！

17、 What形容詞可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)(主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ))！What clever kids(they are)！多么聰明的孩子們??！What形容詞不可數(shù)名詞(主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ))！What nice music (it is)！多么美妙的音樂(lè)！How引導(dǎo) How形容詞 / 副詞主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)！How beautiful these flowers are！這些花多美??！How形容詞a / an可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)(主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ))！How careful a girl (she is)！多細(xì)心的一個(gè)女孩啊！ How主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)！How time flies！時(shí)間過(guò)得真快呀！十年真題十年真題全練全練 安徽省對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單句的考查以單項(xiàng)填空為主，也有穿插

18、到完形填空和補(bǔ)全對(duì)話中考查，考題在02道。往年對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單句的考查集中在特殊疑問(wèn)詞的用法、倒裝句及there be句型。備考時(shí)，要對(duì)該部分做重點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)，特別是對(duì)特殊疑問(wèn)詞及倒裝句的復(fù)習(xí)。最近兩年對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單句都沒(méi)設(shè)題，2018年設(shè)題的可能性很大?？键c(diǎn)考點(diǎn)1 1 疑問(wèn)句疑問(wèn)句1.2015安徽，31題 C is your father？Does he still work as an engineer? Yes，he has been an engineer for thirty years.AWho BHow CWhat DWhich22013安徽，34題 C can you finish this Engl

19、ish examination? In about one and a half hours.AHow far BHow oftenCHow soon DHow long3.2013安徽，40題Tony， D are you in such a hurry? The meeting will start soon.I dont want to be late.Awhere Bhow Cwhen Dwhy考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)2 2 倒裝句倒裝句4.2011安徽，35題If you want to go to see the movie this evening，so C I.Ado Bam Cwill Ds

20、hould5.2011安徽，49題Hey，Nick. B comes the last bus！Hurry up，or well have to walk home.AThis BThere CThat DIt考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)3 3 there bethere be句型、句型、祈使句和感嘆句祈使句和感嘆句6.2015安徽，43題Drive slowly，Mary. D is something ahead on the road.AIt BThis CThat DThere猜押預(yù)測(cè)猜押預(yù)測(cè) 1Mum，_no milk and eggs in the fridge. Oh，Ill go and buy

21、some.Ait is Bthere isCthere are Dthey are2Excuse me.Are those Marys books? _These books are hers.AYes，they are BNo，they arentCYes，they do DNo，they dont3_does your sister play basketball after school? Twice a week.AHow often BHow soonCHow long DHow far4_did you stay in Pairs last summer? For about th

22、ree months.AHow much BHow oftenCHow long DHow oldBBAC5.Well move in the new classroom next week. _good news！Its much bigger and brighter.AWhat BWhat an CHow DHow an6You wouldnt believe _my French _Ahow quickly；is improvedBhow quickly；has improvedChow quick；has improvedDwhat quickly；has improved7David has made great progress recently. _，and _ASo he has；so you haveBSo he has；so have youCSo has he；so have youDSo has he；so you have8Please help me clean our classroom，_？Awill I Bwill youCshall I Dshall weAABB