俄狄浦斯情結地悲劇性(英語論文設計)

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1、word 中圖分類號： 學號： 某某師X學院 本科畢業(yè)論文 論文題目： 《兒子與情人》中俄狄浦斯情結的悲劇 作 者： 錢 紅 丹 指導教師： 謝 奧 助教/碩士 學 院： 外 國 語 學 院 專 業(yè)： 英 語

2、 班 級： 2008級本科3班 二〇一二年 三月 《兒子與情人》中俄狄浦斯情結的悲劇 某某師X學院 外國語學院 英語專業(yè) 申請文學學士學位 畢業(yè)論文 作 者： 指導教師： The Tragedy of Oedipus plex in Sons and Lovers A Thesis Submitted to English Department, School of Foreign Language

3、s, Nanyang Normal University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts By: Supervisor： 17 / 24 Acknowledgements I would like to thank all those who have given me their generous help, mitment and enthusiasm, which have been the major driving f

4、orce to plete the current paper. Especially I would like to take this chance to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, Xie Ao, who is my supervisor as well as an excellent teacher in our Foreign Language School for her kindly assistance and valuable suggestions during the process of my thesi

5、s writing. Without her guidance and support, the pletion of this thesis would be impossible. My gratitude also extends to my classmates and peer friends, for their encouragement and support for the pletion of this thesis. 摘 要 本論文旨在分析“俄狄浦斯〞情結在英國作家勞倫斯作品《兒子與情人》中的表現。在細述戀母情結的來源與對其的理解后

6、，分析了小說中俄狄浦斯情節(jié)產生的原因和由戀母情結所引發(fā)的戰(zhàn)爭；通過剖析主人公莫瑞爾夫人和兒子保羅之間的心理依賴和畸戀，主人公的矛盾心理與其悲劇，從而揭示戀母情結對人身心的傷害。 關鍵詞：兒子與情人；俄狄浦斯情節(jié)；心理依賴；悲劇 Abstract This thesis aims to analyze the Oedipus plexemployed in D. H. Lawrence’s masterpiece Sons and Lovers. After introducing the origin and understan

7、ding of Oedipus plex, the thesis analyzes the reasons that causes the Oedipus plex and the wars between Mrs. Morel and her son Paul, the psychological dependence and the abnormal love between the mother and son as well as the ambivalence and tragically lives of protagonists, the thesis aims to point

8、 out that the Oedipus plex injures both the body and soul of people. Key Words: Sons and Lovers; Oedipus plex; psychological dependence; tragedy Contents Acknowledgements I 摘要 II Abstract III Contents IV 1. Introduction .….. 1 The Origin and Analysis of Oedipus plex

9、 .. ..1 1.2 D.H.Lawrence and Sons and Lovers..……….…………………..2 1.3 The Research Significance………………………………………..4 2. Studies of Oedipus plex …. 4 2.1 Foreign Studies of Mother Fixation . .…….4 2.2 Domestic Studies of Mother Fixation ... 5 3. Oedipus plex in Sons and Lovers 6 3.1 Blindness in Love

10、 .. 6 Family Environment .. 6 The Social Effects ... 8 4.Tragedies of Oedipus plex ... 10 4.1 Mrs. Morel’s Control over William… 10 4.2 Pervasive Power over Paul’s Life……...11 4.3. Mrs. Morel’s Self-ruin………………………………………….14 5.Conclusion . …..15 Bibliography……………………………………………………………. 17 1. I

11、ntroduction The Origin and Analysis of Oedipus plex In one of the ancient Greece and Rome mythologies there was a prophecy that the new prince of Oedipus realm would be the person who killed his father and married his mother, after hearing the prophecy, the Oedipus King decided to dissent his son

12、 to the desolate mountain. Luckily, the young prince was rescued and brought up by a shepherd and was sent to Oedipus realm country as the son of Oedipus realm. The prince did a lot of charitable deeds that the people regarded him as a hero and then supported him as the king of Oedipus realm. Being

13、the king of Oedipus realm, the young king married the queen of Oedipus realm. One day he knew the truth that the queen was his mother and his father had been killed by him as a passenger. Realized this, the young Oedipus king dug out his eyeballs and then led a vagrant life. The Austrian psychologis

14、t Freud posed the theory of Oedipus, also called Mother Fixation according to this story. Though people believe that the phenomenon of incest was ignorant, there was no doubt that in the western feudal dynasty such phenomenon was mon. Mother fixation was on the basis of instinctual impulse, which w

15、as original essence. With the development of human society, Mother Fixation has changed a lot and has developed from instinctual impulse into psychological dependence and love. We can see in our daily life that the boy children always depend on his mother, also, in the mother’s eyes their children a

16、re little children forever. Many of the young children have a deep dependence on their mothers in psychology, even after they grow up. They believe that their mothers are the ones love them most and can be relied on that they don’t want to leave their mothers and they desire to stay with their mothe

17、rs forever. In opposite, the mothers put most of their attention to their children. They try their best to protest their children. They decide everything for their children because they believe that they know what their children need. In their children’s life nobody can take the place of their mothe

18、r. Gradually they want to control the activity and thought of their children. The fever love will make the mothers have such a sense that they are afraid of losing their children. They prevent their son making friends with others especially female friends. They even interfere with their sons’ love a

19、nd marriage. In their heart, they wish that their sons never leave them and marry other women. We can define it as selfish love but in most occasion it can be regarded as abnormal love, Oedipus plex,such kind of love not only distort the normal love between mothers and sons but also affect their lif

20、e, especially the happiness of the future life of the sons. D.H. Lawrence andSons and Lovers David Herbert (D. H.) Lawrence, whose fiction has had a profound influence on twentieth-century literature, was born on September 11, 1885, in a mining village in Nottinghamshire, England. Lawrence is one

21、 of the most original and controversial English writers of the 20th century and he was considered one of the “marks〞 of modern English fiction. His novels are full of scenes of sensuous beauty, with a lot of naturalistic details and turned out to be a challenge to conventional morality. Lawrence’s l

22、ife time was short, but he left a lot of controversial and characteristic literary works. His mother, a genteel schoolteacher, was determined to lift her children out of the working class; his father was an illiterate coal miner. His parents’ unhappy marriage and his mother’s strong emotional claim

23、s on her son later became the basis for Lawrence’s Sons and Lovers, one of the most important autobiographical novels of his time. Sons and Lovers was written in England and can be interpreted as an autobiographical novel of Lawrence. The story is divided into three parts and is posed of fifteen ch

24、apters together. The hero of the book Paul Morel is the second son of a miner family. His mother, Mrs. Morel is a daughter of a mid-class family. Because of the differences in family background and education，a shadow is soon cast upon the married life of Mrs. Morel. This shadow is darkened by Mr. Mo

25、rel’s laziness and alcoholism. Due to misfortune and bad luck, Mr. Morel has an accident and bees a cripple, which changes him into a man of bad temper. As a result, the couple shares less and less in mon and is driven farther and farther apart from each other. Gradually, Mrs. Morel transports her a

26、ttention and love to her children, especially her two sons, William and Paul. She encourages them to leave the small mining region for a big city to find opportunities for abetterlife. After the death of her first son, William, because of hard work and pneumonia, Mrs. Morel’s divided attention and l

27、ove is poured pletely upon Paul. The mother lavished her love on him and determined to save him from the shadow of the coal mine. But when he was in love with Miriam, Mrs. Morel was afraid that she might lose him so she did her best to e between them. Finally, the two lovers had to divorce from each

28、 other. A second attachment, to Clara, gradually fizzled out, too clearly, both failures were caused by the possessive mother, it was not untilthe mother died that the son began to find for his true love earnestly. The mother’s abnormal love robs Paul of his normal love for his girlfriends and cause

29、s tragic results of both Paul and herself.It is one of the greatest autobiographical novels of the last century and it is loved far and wide in the world. The Research Significance Up to now, many scholars studied Sons and Lovers from different angles after its publication. Some scholars research

30、ed the religion of the book, and some talked about its pregnant meaning, and some argued the structure and style, some even surveyed the feminism in the book. Sons and lovers reflected the social problems of the 19th century; through analyzing the people we can learn something important. Everyone i

31、n the plot has his tragic life and it is necessary for us to read the book to analyze the causes of their tragedy. This paper intends to talk about the main character, Paul’s distortion of personality and feeling by analyzing his Oedipus plex and its meaning to appeal the mothers and sons to set a h

32、ealthy relationship to avoid more tragedy happing. 2. Studies of Oedipus plex 2.1 Foreign Studies of Mother Fixation After Freud had posed the theory of Mother Fixation according to the AncientGreece and Rome mythology [1:15-20], many western psychologists fixed their eyes on Mother Fixation. M

33、any of them did not agree with the idea of Freud because he could not provide specific evidence for his theory. Some of the psychologists agreed with Freud, but they believed that MotherFixation was not a mon phenomenon because they focused on biological research, in their opinion, Mother Fixation w

34、as just a phenomenon of incest happened by chance. Evidently, they had a misunderstanding of mother fixation [2:10-14]. With the development of human civilization, the core of Mother Fixation has developed from instinctual impulse into psychological dependence and love. Incest and parricide are ever

35、y rare [2：60].In 20th century, the publication of Sons and Lovers and the experience of the author D.H.Lawrence had provided specific evidence to support the theory of Mother Fixation and it was further to reveal the essence of the plex. Although D.H.Lawrence himself denied the subject of Mother Fix

36、ation of his work, the readers can get strong evidence from his work Sons and Lovers [3:125-130].2.2 Domestic Studies of Mother Fixation In the Chinese traditional culture, people regarded the family value importantly. In the traditional culture of Chinese family, the sons and their wives live with

37、 their parents and the daughters-in-law will e to her husbands’ family. The conflicts between the mother and daughters-in-law are every mon. As we know, the Chinese principles of family piety is a kind of traditional morality that the sons and daughters present a tribute to their parents, especially

38、 the sons and mothers have deep feeling with each other. The sons always listen to their mothers’ words and follow their counsels while the mothers regarding her son as her core of life. Once the wives of the sons e between them the peace of the family will break. The mothers will have a sense that

39、their daughters-in-law will take their sons away from them that something abnormalwould appear consequently. Then the mothers will make something difficult for their sons’ wivesor slander their daughters-in-law before their sons. In most situations, the sons will stand with their mothers to against

40、their wives, and then the family conflicts appear due to Mother Fixation. 3. Oedipus plex in Sons and Lovers 3.1 Blindness in Love The novel begins with a scene that Mr. Morel and Mrs. Morel get married in a mine district. They first meet on a Christmas party. At that time Mr. Morel is at the a

41、ge of 27, handsome strong and energetic. Moreover, he looks passionate and friendly. It could be said that he is an excellent model in all human ethnics. Mrs. Morel, 23 years old, has received formal and good education ever since she was a little girl. Mr. Morel can’t help peeking at her [4:50].She

42、is so elegant and beautiful that Mr. Morel considers her as a perfect lady. They fall in love at first sight. Without caring about the different education background, worldviews, and hobbies and so on, they get married. From this aspect, it’s Mrs. Morel’s temporary passion towards Mr. Morel that cau

43、ses the unstable and unhappy marriage. Blindness in love makes the marriage a potential disaster and is the original source of her distorted maternal love towards her two sons. 3.2 Family Environment Freud points out in his interpretation of Dreams that a boy’s Oedipus plex only exists in a subcon

44、scious state, which cannot be realized or admitted by the boy himself and the boy will not put it in to practice [5:63]. In the novel, Mr. Morel, the coal-mining head of the family, was once a humorous, lively man, but after several years of unhappy marriage, he has bee a cruel, selfish alcoholic. H

45、is low class and illiteracy leads him being looked upon by his wife who is from middle class and civilized. They have nothing in mon. In fact, their marriage life is very frustrated which is full of conflicts. The couple cannot municate with each other and that is why Mr. Morel is eventually isolate

46、d from the family [6:156]. In order to look for hopes, Mr. Morel transfers her love from her husband to her son, William. But William’s death leaves her empty. So she redirects her energies toward Paul. She takes her son as her spiritual loving target and tries to occupy her son’s whole emotion. Sh

47、e makes up shyly and travels joyfully with her son; She feels fidgety unreasonable if her son is not with her; She dislikes Miriam, for which she often shows jealousy made Paul wear and agonizing. Mr. Morel even makes a solemn pledge of love;“I have never—you know, Paul—I have never had a husband—no

48、t really〞 [4:256]. It is obvious that the mother’s deformed love is the soil that nourished Oedipus plex. When we sympathize with the mother we can also see in this unhappy marriage the father’s tragedy. Yong Morel is full of animation in the romantic love; he is so ready and so pleasant with everyb

49、ody, but more often he is a drunken father and an irresponsible husband. So the battle between them is unconceivable. Morel tries his best to protect his self-esteem, but finally he has to give up his position in his family for peace. The children especially Paul is along with their mother and again

50、st their father and even does not want to admit he was their father. The father bees an outsider of this family. Thus, this collier’s tragedy contributes indirectly to Paul’s Oedipus plex. 3.3 The Social Effects Healthy emotion is established on healthy lifestyle and social system. Psychological p

51、roblems described in Sons and Lovers contain social factors as well. “Lawrence’s description of the family life of miners is vivid and exquisite, but different from writers in the 19th century; Lawrence pays more attention to the spirit and psychology of characters that live in the environment, as w

52、ell as their strong and deep emotion in the novel.〞[3:135] Lawrence once explained in the letter to his friend for Mrs. Morel’s psychological change, “A smart and educated woman steps into a lower class, feeling unsatisfied with her current life. She once loved her husband, but when her son grows up

53、, she chooses them to be her lover〞 [4:56]. Paul’sOedipus plex is posed not only to his spiritual problems but also to the social diseases. Each coal miner’s family was under the shadow of the industrial production. The miner did the terribly hard labor in the dark and humid pits day and night just

54、like donkeys and risk their lives all the time when they entered the pits. Gradually, they bee rough and peremptory. If they do not work, they will get rid of tiredness and grievance by drinking until they bee drunk. The drunken miners went home and ill-treated their wives and children. Meanwhile th

55、e wives did all the homework and brought up their children in the narrow and small houses. They municated with neighbors in the muddy streets and lanes. Besides, they were uneasy about the little money that had left and worried about their children. At that time, Mrs. Morel’s little family is all he

56、r world. With no friend to talk about the daily chores, she feels lonely and helpless. In addition, her husband breaks her heart and always lets her down. She feels disappointed and depressed. As times goes by, the above situation bees more and more serious. Mrs. Morel diverts her attention to the c

57、hildren and pours all her love upon her two sons. Mrs. Morel’s solitude as a woman pushes her onto the track of distorted maternal love, which is at the core of this most intriguing novel.Mr. Morel engages in dangerous mining work. He maintains the family by working all the day. But when he returns

58、home, he couldn’t get his wife’s understanding and children’s respect. We can’t say that he doesn’t want to pursue spiritual life; it’s the capitalist social system that deprives him of his rights to receive education and enjoy spiritual life. Though Mrs. Morel is educated and longing to have spirit

59、ual life, in such a dirty and poor mining district, her extravagant wish leads her to the wrong direction.The children were growing up in such substance-poor, dirty environment without good education. In the novel, the author shows many basic contrasts, such as the unmatched parents, the obsessive m

60、other and the loose lovers. The author also shows other conflicts including diggings and farms, cities and countries, work and leisure. Things went on and became a circle: the capitalist system takes the miner’s opportunities to be educated away, forces them to work and makes them poor. Jiang Cheng

61、yong points out in his book A Modern Study on Sons and Lovers that: “In the description of these distorted characters, Lawrence has a very clear perspective: psychological deformation of characters is not caused as mentioned in the theory of Freud by Oedipus plex, but by constraint of postnatal fact

62、ors to human nature〞[7:57]. So by describing the deformed family, the author criticizes the damage innocent workers have suffered from industrial civilization. This deformed family serves as an epitome of industrial society of English capitalism. It can be conceived that it is the poor living condit

63、ion and inhuman laboring caused by industrialization that destruct the family, giving the couple no chance to develop spiritual harmony and mental health. Therefore it is a potential and crucial reason which dooms the deformed maternal love of Mrs. Morel.As a result, the miners sufferings were trans

64、ferred to their families, and the wives became discontent and disappoints to their lives Thus, they transferred their love from their husbands to their children. Too much abnormal love from the mothers leads to the sons ‘Oedipus plex. All in all, the tragedy is not only caused by Paul’s disease, but

65、 also generated by the capitalist diseases. 4. Tragedies of Oedipus plex 4.1. Mrs. Morel’s Control over William There was no winner at the end of the story .We also can definite that the novel ended with a tragedy.The distressing results caused by the abnormal love between the son and the mothe

66、r lie mainly in the part of Mrs. Morel. She doesn’t get along well with Mr. Morel, and being restricted by traditional morals and social economic conditions, she fails to find an opposite sex outside. She puts all her emotion in her spiritual world. Her wishes to occupy the son and thedesires to have sex drives her to focus on her first son, William. She never feels satisfied with William’s girlfriend. Finally, William dies of pneumonia. It is an incident, but, to some extent, William’s death ha