（通用版）2019中考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí) 介詞講義

介詞學(xué)員姓名： 年級(jí)：九年級(jí) 輔導(dǎo)科目：英 語(yǔ) 學(xué)科教師： 授課日期授課時(shí)段08：00-10:00授課主題介詞專項(xiàng)教學(xué)內(nèi)容課前回顧1. 單詞默寫2. 作業(yè)講解知識(shí)梳理知識(shí)點(diǎn)一、方位介詞：1. at、 in 和on 的用法區(qū)別：at表示較小的地點(diǎn)。 at the bus stop at home in表示較大的地方 in China in the world on表兩物體接觸。 There is a plate on the table.或表示在一個(gè)平面上 on the farm over above和on 的用法 over指在正上方表垂直在上。 There is a bridge over the river.above指在上方屬于斜上方 Raise your arms above your head. 2、in front of 和in the front of in front of 表“在之前”范圍外 There are some trees in front of the classroom. in the front of表“在的前部”范圍內(nèi) Our teacher usually sits in the front of the classroom. 3、in 、to和on in表示在某一地區(qū)的某方位屬于某范圍 A in B to表示某一地區(qū)之外的某方位不屬于該范圍 A to B on表示兩地有地方相接 A on B Beijing is in the north of China. Japan is to the east of China. Korea is on the east of China.知識(shí)點(diǎn)二、時(shí)間介詞at、in和on at表具體的時(shí)間點(diǎn)：at one oclock、at noon、at night in表世紀(jì)、年、季、月、星期：in the 1980s、in 2008 、in spring ，還可以表示某一天的某個(gè)部分。 in the morning/afternoon/evening 【例】36. The artist became well known _ . A) in his thirties B) of thirty C) about thirty D) the thirtiethon 表具體某一天或具體某一天的上午：on a cold morning on Teachers Day. 【例】32. Shenzhou VII was launched September 25, 2008. A) at B) during C) in D) on注意在含有this that 、next、 last 、tomorrow、 yesterday等詞或詞組前不用介詞。 【after和in】 表示“時(shí)間”時(shí)的區(qū)別 ：in和after表示時(shí)間時(shí)都是“在以后”的意思。in表示從現(xiàn)在算起到若干時(shí)間以后用于一般將來(lái)時(shí)、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。 Hell come back in a week. after表示從過(guò)去算起到若干時(shí)間以后用于一般過(guò)去時(shí). He came back after a few days. 【辨析】in只可接時(shí)間段，after除接時(shí)間段以外還可接時(shí)間點(diǎn)。表示在將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間后?！纠?5. The plane will take off three hours. I must get to the airport at once.（2012閔行一模） A) at B)in C)on D)by注意：until和by的區(qū)別1、 by意為“不遲于某時(shí)間”其前多用結(jié)束性動(dòng)詞。 We can finish the work by the end of this month. ；2、until用于否定句中意為“直到才”其前的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用結(jié)束性的用在肯定句中意為“直到為止”其前謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞須用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。 I didnt go to bed until my mother came home. I waited for my mother until she came home.鞏固練習(xí)1. You can always see people exercise in that park, even _ cold winter mornings. A) onB) inC) atD) from2. She told me they arrived in Shanghai _the evening of October 20th.A. on    B. in  C. to   D. at源:3. Our family celebrated Thanksgiving Day _ November 28th, 2014.A. for B. atC. inD. on4. The English teachers had a special training session _ Sunday mornings. A) in B) to C) on D) at5. The opening ceremony of Wulong International Kite Flying Festival was held _ the morning of April 4, 2015 in Chongqing. A) at B) in C) on D) by6. The little boy wants to know which animals come out for food only_ night. A) for B) at C)on D)in A A D C C B【易混知識(shí)】 1. between 和among的區(qū)別between常指 “在兩者之間”。among用于指“在三者或三者以上的人或物之間”。如強(qiáng)調(diào)三者以上的人或事物之間也可用between. 如：Maria sits between Lucy and Lily. Miss Wang stands among her students. You shouldnt eat between meals. 2. across和through的區(qū)別兩者都用于表示“穿過(guò)越過(guò)”。across含有“從表面穿過(guò)”之意或沿某一條線的方向而進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。through含有“從中間穿過(guò)”之意。表示游渡 乘船過(guò)?；蚝訒r(shí)用across. He can swim across the river. She had to push her way through the crowd to get to her son. 3. in with和by表示“用”時(shí)的區(qū)別in主要表示 “用語(yǔ)言、聲音等”with表示“用具體有形的東西”by表示“用手段或方式”后常接動(dòng)名詞。 Can you sing this song in English ？I write my homework with a pen. The girl made money by selling flowers. 【例】1. Finally the Greeks managed to capture the city of Troy_a trick in one night. A) with B)on C)by D)forC4. but、besides和except的區(qū)別but表示 “除之外”常與有否定意義的詞連用。當(dāng)but前有動(dòng)詞do時(shí)but后接動(dòng)詞原形except所帶的人或物前面常有all every any on及其他復(fù)合詞但在否定句中except 卻沒(méi)有排斥性besides表示“除之外還有”它的意義是在原來(lái)的基礎(chǔ)上加上besides除外的人或物其前常有other another other any other a few等詞。 We can do nothing but wait.除了等我們什么也做不了。 All the students go to the zoo except Jim. 除了Jim所有的學(xué)生都去動(dòng)物園了。 I have a few good friends besides you. 除了你之外我還有幾個(gè)好朋友。5. by in和on表旅行方式by: 不涉及交通工具的名詞時(shí)用：by sea 、by air涉及交通工具的名詞用單數(shù)用前面不加冠詞或任何修飾語(yǔ)，如by ship by plane。 當(dāng)旅行方式涉及確定特指的交通工具時(shí)用on或in名詞前應(yīng)有冠詞物主代詞指示代詞等修飾語(yǔ)。在開放或半封閉型工具前用on 在封閉型工具前用in。如on my bike in a car. 鞏固練習(xí)1. Were doing much better_ English _ our teachers help. A. in at B. at in C. in with D. with with 2. Its very nice_ you to get me two tickets _the World Cup. A. for of B. of for C. to for D. of to 3. With the development of transportation, it's convenient to go anywhere in Shanghai _underground.A) in B)by C)with D)onC B B知識(shí)點(diǎn)三：介詞固定短語(yǔ)1. put+介詞put down 鎮(zhèn)壓,寫下來(lái)put forward 提出,提前,提供 put off 推遲,延期,打消,關(guān)上put on 穿上,上演put out 撲滅,關(guān)燈,生產(chǎn),出版put up 張貼,留某人過(guò)夜,建造put into use 投入使用put one's heart into 全心全意投入2.look+介詞look about around(1) 環(huán)顧四周。(2) 隨便看，到處看。(3) 到處尋找。 (4) 仔細(xì)考慮。look after 照顧，照料，關(guān)心。look at (1) 看，注視?？创?。(3) 考慮(多用于含有否定意義的句子)。 (4) 檢查。look back (1) 回顧，回想。 (2) 停滯，畏縮，倒退(通常用于否定句)。look down on upon 看不起，瞧不起look for (1) 尋找。(2) 期待，指望。look forward to 期待，盼望。注：該結(jié)構(gòu)中的 to 是介詞，不是不定式符號(hào)，所以其后接動(dòng)詞時(shí)要用動(dòng)名詞，而不用動(dòng)詞原形。 look into 調(diào)查，研究，了解。look like(1) 看起來(lái)象。(2) 好象要，似乎要look out(1) 向外看。(2) 注意，當(dāng)心，小心。(3) 找出，挑選出。look through 翻閱，瀏覽。look up (1) 查閱，查找。 (2) 看望，拜訪，找(人)。 (3) 好轉(zhuǎn)。look up to 尊敬。3.get+介詞get up 起身；站起 get back 返回，回去，回家get to 到達(dá) get into 進(jìn)入；陷入；養(yǎng)成（習(xí)慣）；對(duì)感興趣get off從下來(lái)；下車（船、飛機(jī)等） get on上車（船、飛機(jī)等） get close to接近；靠近 get in touch with與取得聯(lián)系 get ready for為做準(zhǔn)備 get along / on well with sb./sth.與某人相處融洽；某事進(jìn)展順利4.go+介詞 go ahead 先走，向前走，去吧，干吧 go to the cinema 看電影 go go bed 睡覺(jué)(make the bed 整理床鋪) go to school (college) 上學(xué)(上大學(xué)) go to (the) hospital 去醫(yī)院看病 go upstairs/downstairs 上/下樓 give back 歸還，送回 give out 分發(fā) give up 停止，放棄 give sb. a hand 助某人一臂之力 give sb. a call 給打電話 give a lecture (a piano concert) 作講座(舉行鋼琴音樂(lè)會(huì)) give lessons to 給上課 give sb. a chance 給一次機(jī)會(huì) give a message to 給一個(gè)口信 give sb. sth. or give sth. to sb. 給某人某物 return sth. to sb.= give sth. back to sb. 把某物歸還給某人 give some suggestions 提建議 5.take+介詞take one's advice 聽從某人勸告 take place 發(fā)生 take one's place 坐的座位，代替某人職務(wù)take (an active) part in (積極)參加(活動(dòng) take photos 拍照take a bus/train, boat/ 乘公共汽車，火車知識(shí)點(diǎn)4：常見短語(yǔ)中介詞的搭配I 形容詞+介詞：be afraid of 害怕某事做某事be angry with sb. 生某人的氣be bad for對(duì) 有害be busy with sth. 忙于做某事be careful with 小心be difficult from 與不同be familiar with 與熟悉be famous for 因而著名be famous as 作為而出名be fond of 愛(ài)好be full of 充滿be good to 對(duì)友善be good at 擅長(zhǎng)be late for 遲到be next to 緊挨著，接近be poor at 對(duì)比較差be proud of 為感到自豪be ready for 為做好了準(zhǔn)備be surprised at 對(duì)感到驚奇be thankful to sb. for sth. 因感謝某人II 常用介詞短語(yǔ)：at first起先，開始時(shí) at home在家 at last最后，終于 at least至少 at present目前 at once馬上 at school在學(xué)校 at the moment此刻，目前 at the same time同時(shí) on business因公出差 on board在船上 on duty值班 on foot步行 on holiday在度假 one's way（to）在去的路上 on show上演 on the air在播送 on time準(zhǔn)時(shí)by air mail寄航空信件 by and by不久以后 by bus/air乘公共汽車飛機(jī) by day在日間 by night在晚間 by oneself親自 by phone打電話 by ship/train乘船火車 by the way順便說(shuō)（問(wèn)）一下 for a while暫時(shí)，片刻 for example例如 for good永遠(yuǎn) for the first time第一次 for the time being暫時(shí)，眼下 from day to day 一天一天地 from door to door挨家挨戶 from then on從那時(shí)起 from time to time不時(shí)地in a hurry匆忙地 in a minute一會(huì)兒 in a word簡(jiǎn)言之 in addition另外，還有 in charge of主管，負(fù)責(zé) in common共同，共有 in danger處于危險(xiǎn)中 in hospital住院 in fact事實(shí)上 in front of在的前面 in no time立刻，馬上 in other words換言之 in public當(dāng)眾，公開 in return作為回報(bào) in surprise吃，涼 in the end最后，終于 in this way用這種方法 in trouble處于困境中 III 動(dòng)詞詞組：break into闖入 care for照看 come across遇見，發(fā)現(xiàn) compare with與相比 depend on依靠 die of死于某種疾病 dress up穿著盛裝，化妝 get along with與相處 get rid of擺脫 go on a picnic去野餐go over復(fù)習(xí) hold on不掛斷（打電話用語(yǔ)） hurry off匆匆離開 join in參加 keep in mind牢記 laugh at嘲笑 learn from向?qū)W習(xí) learn sthby heart用心記憶 look after照料，照看 look forward to盼望make up one's mind下決心 see sboff為某人送行 shake hands with與握手 show sb. around帶領(lǐng)某人參觀 take part in參加 take in吸入，吸收 thank sb. for sth.因某事感謝某人 turn down關(guān)小，調(diào)低 wake sb. up叫醒某人 worry about擔(dān)心，擔(dān)憂鞏固練習(xí)14年二模1. The Great Green Wall can stop the wind and sand _ moving to the rich land in the south of China. A) from B) with C) at D) on 2. It takes me an hour on average to get from home _ my workplace every day.A. with B. at C. by D. to 3. Its essential for citizens to know that the haze(霧霾)can do harm _ peoples health. A) withB) forC) onD) to 4. His interest _law led him eventually to become a lawyer.A )in B)on C)to D)with 5. We enjoyed the wonderful firework display _ the night of National Day. A）in B）on C）for D）at 6. The little girl was quite angry _ his boyfriend for his being late. A）for B）on C）with D）at 7. Jane was worried because there was something wrong _ the engine of her car.A. ofB. withC. atD. by ADDAB CB15年二模1. The English teachers had a special training session _ Sunday mornings. A) in B) to C) on D) at2. Excuse me, _ I'm afraid this is a no-smoking area. A) for B) but C) so D) or3. I have got two tickets _ the concert tonight. Would you like to go with me? A) from B) about C) of D) for4. If you read a lot, your life will be full _ pleasure. A) of B) with C) by D) for5. Jenny is the first on the list of the famous stars because she was the richest _ them. A) in B) with C) over D) among6. Mrs. White walks a dog in the park nearby every morning _ it's rainy or windy. A) since B) because C) unless D) until7. The opening ceremony of Wulong International Kite Flying Festival was held _ the morning of April 4, 2015 in Chongqing. A) at B) in C) on D) by8. This book provides us _ lots of skills to solve problems we meet in life. A) to B) for C) with D) of9. You can tell from the posters and photos _ the wall that Chen is a big fan of Jay Chou. A) in B) between C) on D) above10. My sister likes to wear the hat _ two flowers. It looks so beautiful.A) from B) toC) inD) with11. If I didnt see it _ my own eyes, I would never believe it possible. A) by B) in C) with D) for CBDAD CCCCD C歸納總結(jié)1. 總結(jié)名詞重難點(diǎn)與?？键c(diǎn)：課后作業(yè)1. 整理 錯(cuò)題2. 回家作業(yè)1. Rastus takes a short walk the evenings and is always home by seven oclock.（崇明）A) to B) onC)inD) at2. Most students were in favor the plan to have a picnic at the weekend.（崇明）A) toB) ofC)onD) at3. People in the western country often sing Christmas chorals_Christmas Eve.（奉賢） A) in B)at C)on D) during4. Dont stay inside such a sunny morning. Lets go for a walk.（虹口）A)on B) in C)from D) at5. The students put a short play in English on Christmas Day.（虹口）off B) up C) on D) away6. London is almost the same _ other big European cities.（黃浦）A) toB) with C) asD) in7. Bill met his wife on the campus for the first time _ the spring of 1971.（黃浦） A) onB) inC) atD) for8. Most teachers think uniforms can prevent the students showing off their wealth.（嘉定）A.off B.in C.by D.from9. In comic strips, there are usually bubbles_ speech and thoughts in the pictures.（靜安）A)of B)at C) with D)for 10. The 2016 G20 Summit started _ September, 2016 in the city of Hangzhou.（閔行）A)from B)on C) in D) at11.Although their class teacher is very strict _ them, they still love her very much.（閔行）A) up B)with C) to D)for12. _ the evening of March 30th, Adair was killed by someone unknown.（浦東）A)On B)At C)In D)For13.She manged to escape _ to the burning car last Friday.（浦東）A)of B)from C)around D)to14. Stephen learned skating _several months when he lived in German.（普陀） A.onB.inC.atD.for15. The parents havent heard _their kid in Europe for a long time.（普陀） A.atB.toC.withD.from16. In China everyone would go home for a family reunion _New Years Eve.（青浦）A)at B)on C)to D)in17. Jackie Chen, who was awarded an Oscar, told the reporter that he was proud _ his country.（青浦）A)of B)with C)for D)out18. Jenny will do a survey and write a report _ school uniforms.（松江） A. in B. of C. at D. on19.The police searched everywhere in the forest_ the missing tourist last night.（松江） A. for B. with C. of D. from20. Go straight down the street and youll see the post office on your right, the kindergarten. （松江）A.opposite B.between C.among D.across21.The manager is much better than other employees dealing with the customers complaints.（松江） A.in B.at C.on D.of22. A new survey shows that most travelers are not satisfied _ airport wifi.（楊浦）A. of B. for C. about D. with23. Henry Ford founded his car company _ the beginning of the 20th century. （楊浦）A. in B. by C. for D. at24. Donald Trump won the election and he will take office_ Jan. 20, 2017.（長(zhǎng)寧） A.in B.on C.at D.forII 完型填空崇明縣B.Choose the words or expressions and complete the passage（選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或詞語(yǔ)完成短文)（12分） When I think of growing up, I think of summertime and those long days when good weather and free time allowed the world to open up in front of me. Every day was a new opportunity for experience and adventure. The first summer I can really 75 , I was six years old and spending time in the countryside. There were fields of corn separated by windbreaks (防護(hù)林) of tall trees and a railway fine cut through the middle of the landscape with its shiny steel tracks. My brother and I walked along the tracks throwing stones at the grass and flowers that grew along each side. We were warriors, adventurers. I don't know why, but I suddenly stopped throwing stones and just started 76 and listening. The corn leaves, the trees, the train tracks, every cloud in the sky, every stone on the ground, every sight, every sound; it was.beautiful! I had 77 thought of beauty before. I was too young to be aware of the concept (概念). But there it was all around me and I was part of it.Today's city children have 78 chance of experiencing that moment. They are the "touchscreen generation" who spend up to seven hours a day on their mobile phones or surfing the Internet or watching TV. Even when they have a chance of spending some time with 79 , they are more fikely to ignore (忽視) it. They prefer to stay focused on their mobile devices.Summer is the 80 season: for plants and for young people. This summer, try to put aside your "touchscreen" and let the true beauty of the season open up for you.75. A) forget B) remember C) enjoy D) spend 76. A) looking B) driving C) cooking D) sleeping77. A) already B) often C) never D) ever78. A) one B) more C) every D) less79. A) family B) class C) team D) nature80. A) growing B) swimming C) first D) worst75. B 76. A 77. C 78. D 79. D 80. A奉賢區(qū)B.Choose the words or expressions and complete the passage（選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或詞語(yǔ)完成短文)（12分） Who is the greatest teacher in Chinese history? Many people would say: Confucius (孔子). September 28 is his birthday. 75 he was born over 2,000 years ago, people still remember him on this day. Confucius lived in the Kingdom of Lu, part of today's Shangdong province. He lived during the Spring and Autumn Period. His childhood was sad. His father died when he was only 3 and he had to work to help his mother. But young Confucius didn't give up on studying. He visited many famous teachers and learned music, history, poetry and sports. Later, he became a teacher and started the first 76 school in Chinese history. At that time only children from rich families could go to school, but Confucius believed 77 should go to school if they wanted to learn. He had about 3,000 students in his lifetime. Today, people still follow Confucius' 78 . He told us that each person has something worthy to learn and teach. "When I am with three people, one of them must be better than me in some areas. I select their good qualities and follow them. I take their bad qualities and change them in myself." He also taught us that thinking is very important in study. "All study but no thinking makes people puzzled. All thinking but no study makes people 79 ." Confucius is not only a great teacher, but also a famous thinker with wise thoughts about the world and society. His most important teachings are about kindness and good manners. "A kind person should 80 others. Be strict with yourself, but be kind to others." he said.75. A) Because B) After C) Although D) Since76. A) public B) private C) popular D) primary77. A) anyone B) someone C) no one D) everyone78. A) messages B) thoughts C) ways D) news79. A) hardworking B) lazy C) proud D) polite80. A) learn from B) get on with C) care for D) worry about75. C 76. A 77. D 78. B 79. B 80. C虹口區(qū)B.Choose the words or expressions and complete the passage（選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或詞語(yǔ)完成短文)（12分） Have you ever seen the Man in the Moon? If you 75 the Moon closely on some nights, you can see the face of the Man in the Moon. Some people say that they can see an old man carrying sticks. Others say that they can see a girl reading a book. Long long ago, the Romans and Greeks thought that the stars and planets they could see were gods living in the sky. They gave these stars and planets the names of their gods and goddesses and the Moon was 76 as Dia