2019秋高中英語 Unit 5 First aid練習(xí)（含解析）新人教版必修5

Unit 5　First aid Never try and reset a broken bone.Remember，this is first aid—if you are doing this you are preparing a patient for transport.Unless you are 100% sure of what you are doing，resetting a broken bone runs a strong risk of making things worse. It is dangerous to give aspirin(阿司匹林) to anyone under the age of 16 as it can potentially cause damage to the brain and liver before this age. Never，ever put yourself in danger！As much as this seems to lack compassion (同情)，remember that being a hero，in this case，means nothing if you come back dead. If you aren't sure what to do，leave it to the professionals.If it's not a life­critical injury，doing the wrong thing can harm the patient.See the following tips about training. Do not move the person.It could harm them even more unless they are in immediate danger.Wait for the ambulance to arrive to take over treatment of the person. Do not touch someone who is being shocked by an electrical current.Turn off the power or use a piece of non­conductive material (e.g.，wood，dry rope，dry clothing) to separate him from the power source before touching him. Before touching a victim or offering any aid，get permission to treat！Check the laws in your area.If someone has a “Do not resuscitate (使復(fù)蘇)” order，respect it.If the person is unconscious and at risk of death or injury，without any known “Do not resuscitate” order，go ahead and treat by the permission. 【詞海拾貝】 1．lack　　　　　　　 v．缺乏 2．in this case 在這種情況下 3．electrical current 電流 4．unconscious adj.無意識的 【問題思考】 True(T)or False(F)： 1．When you are trying to give first aid，you must not put yourself in danger.(　　) 2．If you aren't sure what to do，you'd better wait for the professionals.(　　) 答案：1.T　2.T Ⅰ.重點(diǎn)單詞分類記 ★拼寫高頻單詞 1．________________n．&vt.幫助；援助；資助 2．________________adj.至關(guān)重要的；生死攸關(guān)的 3．________________n．癥狀；征兆 4．________________vt.&vi.倒；灌；注；涌 5．________________n．典禮；儀式；禮節(jié) 6．________________adj.復(fù)雜的 答案：1.aid　2.vital　3.symptom　4.pour　5.ceremony 6．complex ★聯(lián)想拓展單詞 1．________n．損傷；傷害________vt.傷害；損害→________adj.受傷的；受損害的 2．________vi.&vt.流血→________n．血，血液 3．__________n．毒藥；毒害 vt.毒害；使中毒→__________ adj.有毒的 4．________n．變化；多樣(化)；多變(性)→________adj.各種各樣的→________v．變化；改變 5．________adj.輕微的；溫和的；溫柔的→________adv.輕微地；溫和地 6．________vi.&vt.(使)膨脹；隆起→________adj.腫脹的 7．__________adj.難以忍受的；不能容忍的→__________ adj.可忍受的→________vt.忍受；承受 8．________adj.牢的；緊的；緊密的→________adv.緊地；牢牢地 9．________adj.(動(dòng)作)穩(wěn)定有力的；堅(jiān)定的→________adv.堅(jiān)固地；穩(wěn)定地 10．________n．勇敢；勇氣→________adj.勇敢的→________adv.勇敢地 11．________vt.&vi.治療；對待；款待 n．款待；招待→________n．治療；處理；對待 12．________vt.涂；敷；應(yīng)用 vi.申請；請求；使用；有效→________n．應(yīng)用；申請→________n．申請人，申請者 13．________n．壓力；擠壓；壓迫(感)→________v．按壓；逼迫 n．新聞界；出版社 答案：1.injury　injure　injured　2.bleed　blood 3．poison　poisonous　4.variety　various　vary 5．mild　mildly　6.swell　swollen　7.unbearable bearable　bear　8.tight　tightly　9.firm　firmly　10.bravery　brave　bravely　11.treat　treatment　12.apply　application　applicant　13.pressure　press ★識記閱讀單詞 1．temporary adj.　　　 ________________ 2．organ n. ________________ 3．layer n. ________________ 4．radiation n. ________________ 5．scissors n．(pl.) ________________ 6．squeeze vt.&vi. ________________ 7．bandage n. ________________ 8．wrist n. ________________ 9．damp adj. ________________ 10．sleeve n. ________________ 11．stab vt.&vi ________________ 12．a(chǎn)mbulance n. ________________ 答案：1.暫時(shí)的　臨時(shí)的　2.器官　3.層　層次　4.輻射　射線　5.剪刀　6.榨　擠　壓榨　7.繃帶　8.手腕 9．潮濕的　10.袖子　11.刺　戳　刺傷　12.救護(hù)車 Ⅱ.重點(diǎn)短語快速記 1．________________(對傷患者的)急救 2．________________生病 3．________________區(qū)別對待；有影響；起(重要)作用 4．________________阻止 5．________________若干；許多 6．________________在適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢茫贿m當(dāng) 7．________________ 反復(fù)；多次 8．________________找到 9．________________觸電；電休克 10．________________榨出；擠出 11．________________脫下；起飛 答案：1.first aid　2.fall ill　3.make a difference 4．prevent...from　5.a number of　6.in place 7．over and over again　8.put one's hands on 9．electric shock　10.squeeze out　11.take off Ⅲ.經(jīng)典句式應(yīng)用記 1．So_____________________(正如你們可以想象的)，if your skin gets burned it can be very serious.(as 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句) 2．Remove clothing using scissors if necessary____________(除非衣服粘貼在燒傷面上)．(unless 引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句) 3．John_____________(正在學(xué)習(xí)) in his room____________(這時(shí)突然) he heard screaming.(when 用作并列連詞) 4．__________________(正是約翰的迅速行動(dòng)) and knowledge of first aid ________________________(救了斯萊德女士的命)．(強(qiáng)調(diào)句型) 5．________________________(毫無疑問)John's quick thinking and the first aid skills he learned at school saved Ms Slade's life.(There is no doubt that＋同位語從句) 答案：1.as you can imagine　2.unless it is stuck to the burn　3.was studying　when　4.It was John's quick action　that saved Ms Slade's life　5.There is no doubt that Ⅰ.Skimming for the main information 1．What's the main idea of the text? A．The burns and the first aid treatment. B．The characteristics of burns. C．The function of the skin. D．How to carry out the first aid for burns. 2．Match the main idea with each part. (1)Para.1____　A．the three types of burns (2)Para.2____ B．what to do if someone gets burned (3)Paras.3－6____C．the functions of the skin (4)Para.7____ D．the symptoms of burns (5)Paras.8－14____ E．how we get burns 答案：1.A　2.(1)C　(2)E　(3)A　(4)D　(5)B Ⅱ.Scanning for detailed information 1．In the text，burns are sorted according to the ________ of the skin burned. A．layer B．function C．type D．a(chǎn)rea 2．Which of the following is NOT the function of the skin according to the text? A．It protects you against disease，poisons and the sun's harmful rays. B．It helps the heart beat. C．It can keep you warm or cool. D．It prevents your body from losing water and gives the sense of touch. 3．When cooling burns，cool water is used to do the following EXCEPT________． A．stop the burning process B．prevent the pain becoming unbearable C．reduce swelling D．prevent any blisters being broken 4．Which of the following first aid treatment is RIGHT according to the text? A．Take clothing off the burned area even though it is stuck to the burn. B．Do not put cold water on second degree burns. C．If burns are on the face，the victim should sit up. D．If the injuries are second degree burns，it is unnecessary to get the victim to the doctor or hospital at once. 5．If someone gets burned and his hands get black and white and charred，it belongs to ________． A．the first degree B．the second degree C．the third degree D．none of the above 答案：1.A　2.B　3.D　4.C　5.C Ⅲ.Intensive reading to finish the passage First aid is a temporary form of help 1.________(give) to someone who suddenly falls ill or gets 2.________ (injure) before a doctor can 3.________(find)．In this passage，we have studied the first aid for burns.The skin is an essential part of your body.It keeps you warm or cool.It prevents your body 4.________(lose) too much water.You can get burned 5.________ hot liquids，steam，fire，radiation and so on.There are three types of burns 6.________(call) first，second and third degree burns.When someone gets burned，we will carry out first aid 7.________(treat) by different degrees.Remove clothing from the burned area 8.________ it is stuck 9.________ the burn.Cover the burned area with a dry，clean bandage 10.________will not stick to the skin.Then immediately take him or her to the hospital. 答案：1.given　2.injured　3.be found　4.from losing 5．by　6.called　7.treatment　8.unless　9.to　10.that Ⅳ.Analyze the following difficult sentences in the text 1．Often the illness or injury is not serious，but there are other times when giving first aid quickly can save lives. [句式分析]　句中but 連接表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的并列句；when 引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語從句，修飾先行詞 other times。 [嘗試翻譯]　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 2．Burns are called first，second or third degree burns，depending on which layers of the skin are burned. [句式分析]　句中 Burns are called first，second or third degree burns 為主句；depending on...為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語；which 引導(dǎo)一個(gè)賓語從句。 [嘗試翻譯]　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 3．Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn. [句式分析]　Remove clothing 是主句，using scissors 作方式狀語，if necessary 是省略了 it is 的省略句，unless it is stuck to the burn 是unless 條件句。 [嘗試翻譯]　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 答案：1.通常情況下這種疾病或損傷不是很嚴(yán)重，但也有一些時(shí)候迅速實(shí)施急救能挽救人的生命。 2．根據(jù)皮膚的第幾層被燒傷定義為一度燒傷、二度燒傷和三度燒傷。 3．除非衣服粘貼在燒傷面上，否則都要把它脫掉，必要時(shí)可使用剪刀。 如何寫指導(dǎo)性說明文 說明文是以說明為主要表達(dá)方式對事物的狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)、功能等進(jìn)行介紹，或是闡明事理，給人提供知識的一種文體。知識性、科學(xué)性是說明文的主要特點(diǎn)。指導(dǎo)性說明文屬于說明事理類文體，它旨在為讀者提供未知的知識和原理，使讀者閱讀后對文章所寫事物有所了解，或掌握解決問題的方法，是一種實(shí)用性很強(qiáng)的文體。 寫法指導(dǎo)： 1．時(shí)態(tài)：說明文的時(shí)態(tài)常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 2．語言：語言要準(zhǔn)確、簡潔、周密。語言風(fēng)格可以生動(dòng)活潑，也可以平實(shí)簡明，但必須以準(zhǔn)確為前提。 3．結(jié)構(gòu)：先對需要說明的對象做總的概括介紹，然后導(dǎo)入具體的說明，也就是在文章開頭提出需要說明的事物或觀點(diǎn)，然后加以列舉說明，使文章表達(dá)清晰、條理清楚、層次分明。 【典型句式】 首段常用表達(dá)： First，second，third，at last... First，next，then，finally... Firstly/First of all/To begin with，...Secondly，...Besides，In addition，...Last but not least... 結(jié)尾常用表達(dá)： We can draw the conclusion that... In short/In brief/In a word... It seems clear that... We can know/learn that... 運(yùn)動(dòng)有益于健康，但是在運(yùn)動(dòng)中我們很容易受傷。請你向?qū)W校英文報(bào)投稿，提幾條有關(guān)在運(yùn)動(dòng)中防止受傷的建議。 寫作要點(diǎn)： 1．運(yùn)動(dòng)有益于健康； 2．運(yùn)動(dòng)中易受傷； 3．在運(yùn)動(dòng)中防止受傷的建議； 4．時(shí)態(tài)：一般時(shí)態(tài)為主。 注意： 1．詞數(shù)100左右； 2．可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)。 _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ 【范文點(diǎn)評】 范　　文 點(diǎn)評 Exercising is a great way for us to keep fit and healthy，but① there is also a risk of injury.However①，if we follow some basic guidelines，we are sure to have an enjoyable and safe workout.Here are some useful tips.② Firstly③，before exercising just spend a few minutes getting warmed up，which will prepare our body for the tougher exercise that is going to follow，and help us go for a longer period of time without feeling tired.④ Secondly③，fitness wear is very important.The shoes we wear must be suited to the type of exercise that we are doing.And the clothes should be made out of fabric that absorbs sweat，like cotton.Besides⑤，they should be neither too tight nor too loose. Finally③，to prevent injuries，not only should we use some safety equipment，such as helmets for biking and skating，but also we should avoid taking something sharp with us，such as keys and watches.⑥ In short③，only if we are fully aware of the safety tips can we avoid injuries when exercising. ①連詞使用準(zhǔn)確，過渡自然。 ②開門見山，導(dǎo)入主題。 ③Firstly，Secondly，F(xiàn)inally，In short敘述條理清楚。 ④which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，其中又有that引導(dǎo)的定語從句，凸顯作者的語言功底。 ⑤Besides使用優(yōu)美。 ⑥not only...but also...句式的使用更加體現(xiàn)了本文的亮點(diǎn) 假設(shè)你叫李華，你有一個(gè)澳大利亞同學(xué)John，他曾在中國學(xué)習(xí)過半年，現(xiàn)已回國。最近他聽說你校開設(shè)了急救課，于是來信想詢問一些情況，并向你請教關(guān)于一級燒傷的急救知識。請根據(jù)以下要點(diǎn)給他寫一封回信： 1．開設(shè)急救課的原因； 2．一級燒傷急救知識； 3．邀請John再到中國學(xué)習(xí)。 注意： 1．詞數(shù)100左右； 2．信的開頭與結(jié)尾已給出； 3．可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。 Dear John， I am glad to receive your letter，and now I'll tell you something about the first aid course in our school and some suggestions about first degree burns. _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ Best wishes， Yours， Li Hua 答案： Dear John， I am glad to receive your letter，and now I'll tell you something about the first aid course in our school and some suggestions about first degree burns. The first aid course is a necessary part of our education and will make us more useful members of our society.If we have learnt about first aid，we can help someone who has had an accident，and even can save someone's life one day. The suggestions about first degree burns are as follows.Cool the burned area at once.Place the affected area under cold running water，but don't apply cold water for too long a time.You'd better go to hospital if the affected area is still painful. The first aid course is very interesting and useful.It gives us information about many situations，and also gives us a chance to practise first aid treatment.Would you like to come here to study again? We are all looking forward to it. Best wishes， Yours， Li Hua A組　基礎(chǔ)過關(guān) Ⅰ.單句語法填空 在每句空白處填上合適的內(nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 1．When ________(chat) on the MSN，some people often use“88” for “goodbye”． 2．Don't take anything away.Father likes everything to be ________ place. 3．Parents are always trying their best to prevent their children ________ being hurt. 4．She sticks ________ what she said in yesterday's meeting and nobody can change her mind. 5．In the face of failure，it is vital ________ we should keep up a good state of mind. 6．________ is reported in the newspaper，talks between the two countries are making progress. 7．Where you live can make such ________ difference to the way you feel. 8．My parents still treat me ________ a child. 9．His project is concerned with applying the technology ________ practical business problems. 10．There's surely some doubt ________ we can control pollutions. 答案：1.chatting　2.in　3.from　4.to　5.that　6.As 7．a(chǎn)　8.like/as　9.to　10.whether Ⅱ.選用短語或句式的適當(dāng)形式填空 make a difference；apply for；a knowledge of；There is no doubt that...；apply...to；cut off；treat...as；put one's hands on；a number of；pour down 1．We should not only know the theory but also how to ________ it ________ practise. 2．With so many people communicating in English every day，we can see that it will be more and more important to acquire ________ English. 3．________ smoking can seriously damage our health.This has already been proved true. 4．Your support will certainly ________ in our work.We are looking forward to your help. 5．I wasn't good enough to ________ the position，but I got it anyhow. 6．English has hurt me a thousand times，but I still ______ it ________ my first love. 7．Tom was eager to read；he read every book he could ________． 8．My aunt ________ a small piece of bread and gave it to me. 9．When she heard the news，tears ________ her face. 10．I'm too busy；I have ________ important things to do today. 答案：1.apply　to　2.a knowledge of　3.There is no doubt that　4.make a difference　5.apply for　6.treat　as　7.put his hands on　8.cut off　9.poured down　10.a number of Ⅲ.根據(jù)漢語提示完成句子 1．If possible，learn how to ________________(實(shí)施急救)just in case someone suddenly ________(生病)or ________(受傷)． 2．________________________(我們可以想象到)，we may get burned by ________________________(各種各樣的東西)，such as hot liquids and steam. 3．I've told you _______________(再三)to________________(把繃帶固定在適當(dāng)位置)with tape. 4．The plane __________________(起飛)late again，which ________________________(讓他感到難以忍受)． 5．It ______________________________________(擠出更多的時(shí)間是重要的)to do what you want. 答案：1.do/give/offer/perform first aid　falls ill　gets injured 2．As we can imagine　a variety of things 3．over and over again　hold the bandage in place 4．took off　made him feel unbearable 5．is vital to squeeze out more time B組　能力提升 Ⅰ.閱讀理解 閱讀下面的短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。 EFP courses provide courses in English language and British culture.Our courses are aimed at students aged between 12 and 17 who are at pre­intermediate(預(yù)備中級)level or above in English.The courses are held in Guildford，a historic town near London. 　　　　　What we do EFP courses English in Future Perfect English language and British culture courses Typical structure of a one­week course ·Up to 25 hours of English run by native speakers，qualified in teaching English as a foreign language and specialist drama teachers ·2 full­day sightseeing trips to London and Oxford (at weekends) ·Full board(全食宿) with local，English­speaking families When we run the courses EFP courses can be organized only during British state school terms.For this academic year，courses can be booked between now and 23 May and between 30 May and 30 June.We welcome you to book from 3 September，2018 to 25 October，2018 and from 31 October to 20 December，2018. Why choose EFP courses ·In addition to our standard English classes，we also run drama and expression English classes，taught by specialist drama teachers. ·We expose our students to British culture for the entire length of the course. ·We tailor courses to each group's needs，creating a unique experience for our students.Note that any changes to our courses are made within reason and only if all participants from a group share the same language level.Please see further details on our website. Length of a course EFP courses run for either one or two weeks depending on the specific requirements for your group. How to apply Please register your interest by sending an email to info @efpcourses.co.uk.By contacting us before you make any travel arrangements you ensure that we can put your group on the dates that you require.For more details，please visit www. efpcourses. co.uk. See you in Guildford soon! 【語篇解讀】　本文主要介紹了EFP課程的內(nèi)容、對象、課時(shí)安排、授課時(shí)長、申請方法等信息。 1．What does the leaflet tell us about EFP courses? A．Their target students are teenagers of all English levels. B．Every individual participant is supplied with tailored language support. C．They involve students in British culture activities during the whole course. D．They are available on the school campuses in London and Oxford. 解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一句“EFP courses provide courses in English language and British culture.”可知，EFP課程全程提供英語語言及英國文化的授課。 答案：C 2．Suppose you are to take EFP courses this academic year，you can________． A．make a reservation from October 31 to December 20 B．enjoy a special series of lessons for a whole school term C．experience English dramas with English­speaking families D．hand in an application by visiting their website 解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)When we run the courses部分中的“We welcome you to book from 3 September，2018 to 25 October，2018 and from 31 October to 20 December，2018.”可知，本學(xué)年的預(yù)定時(shí)間 為9月3日到10月25日和10月31日到12月20日 ，故A項(xiàng)正確。 答案：A 3．The purpose of this writing is to________． A．a(chǎn)ttract qualified teachers to EFP courses B．illustrate the importance of EFP courses C．demonstrate the popularity of EFP courses D．offer group students access to EFP courses 解析：主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段尤其是前兩句“EFP courses provide courses in English language and British culture.Our courses are aimed at students aged between 12 and 17 who are at pre­intermediate level or above in English.”可知，本文旨在向12到17歲的青少年學(xué)生推廣EFP課程，故D項(xiàng)正確。 答案：D Ⅱ.七選五閱讀 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。 Juan Heriberto Trevino，a 14­year­old from Mexico，was at a summer camp in the mountain last month.____1____ While gathering the wood，Trevino slipped and fell down further into a dry riverbed.As a result，Trevino was lost，but he was not alone.Max，a kind dog，had followed the teen on his firewood run.____2____ The part of the mountain where Trevino and Max were is a place where it was easy to get lost，according to Martin Castillo，deputy director of the local police.“____3____The child was really very lucky to have the dog，”he said. Max also led the boy to a puddle(水坑) with water where they could drink.The two walked and walked until they became so tired.____4____The people living there helped them until a rescue crew could arrive.Other than being malnourished(營養(yǎng)不良的) and very tired，the boy was stable physically. 5____He hopes to adopt Max，but he can't，since the heroic dog already has an owner. A．Trevino is now back with his family. B．It's very cold at night as it is very high. C．Suddenly，he could not find his way back. D．Before long，he went off to get some firewood. E．Nearly two days later，they managed to find a cabin. F．They were so tired that they had great difficulty walking on again. G．It didn't leave the boy until they were rescued more than 40 hours later. 【語篇解讀】　本文主要講述了一個(gè)男孩在山上迷路后，一只叫作馬克斯的狗一直陪伴在他身邊，直到救援人員的到來。 1．解析：空后內(nèi)容表示“當(dāng)收集木柴時(shí)，特雷維諾滑了一下并摔到一個(gè)干涸的河床上”。由此可知，空處應(yīng)說明特雷維諾去尋找木柴。故正確答案為D項(xiàng)。 答案：D 2．解析：空前內(nèi)容表示“馬克斯跟隨著特雷維諾去尋找木柴”，此處承接上文，G項(xiàng)說明“直到40多個(gè)小時(shí)后，他們被救了，它才離開了男孩”，符合上下文。故正確答案為G項(xiàng)。 答案：G 3．解析：此段介紹了山里的條件。B項(xiàng)“因?yàn)楹０胃?，晚上山里很冷”符合語境，因此正確答案為B項(xiàng)。 答案：B 4．解析：空格后句中的“there”正好指代E項(xiàng)中的“a cabin”，故此題選E項(xiàng)。 答案：E 5．解析：此處放在了文章的結(jié)尾段，說明了特雷維諾現(xiàn)在的情況。A項(xiàng)“特雷維諾現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回到家中”符合語境。因此正確答案為A項(xiàng)。 答案：A Ⅲ.完形填空 閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。 In my life everything was going well until recently.I have always been a very positive­thinking and ____1____ person and I always used to believe that I could overcome a