2019高考英語一輪基礎(chǔ)達標練題 Unit 1 Festivals around the world（含解析）新人教版必修3

Unit 1 Festivals around the world李仕才一、閱讀理解Friendship is one of the basic bonds between human beings. While the characteristics of friendship might vary from one country to another, people from all cultures not only enjoy friends but need them.Many studies have shown that teenagers who have no friends often suffer from psychological disorders. It has been shown that teenagers, perhaps more than any other age group, need companionship and a sense of belonging. The negative consequences of loneliness have also been observed among the elderly. The death of a spouse often leaves a widow or a widower totally bereft. If, however, they are surrounded by friends and relatives and if they are able to express their feelings, they are more likely to recover from their grief.“No man is an island.” In other words, we are all parts of society. We all need the love, admiration, respect and moral support of other people. If we are fortunate, our friends will provide us with all of these necessary aspects of life.As most people observe, there are many levels of friendship. The degree or intensity of friendship varies depending on the personality of the individuals involved and the context of the relationships. Outgoing persons enjoy being surrounded by many people whereas shy persons are perhaps content with fewer but more intense friendships.Everyone is not equally open with all their friends. The degree of closeness is determined by many factors. Close friends can be formed at any stage in ones life but they are usually very rare. Not very many people have more than a few really close friends. Regardless of the level of closeness, all friendships are based on reciprocity (互惠), honesty and a certain amount of love and affection.1.Who are more likely to suffer from psychological disorders without friends?A. Teenagers.B. Adults.C. The elderly.D.A couple.2.What does the sentence “No man is an island” really mean?A. No man is willing to live on an island.B. Man usually doesnt go to an islandC. Everyone is related with our society.D. Our society is just like an island.3.What can we learn about outgoing people?A. They like being alone.B. They are fond of making friends.C. They have intense friendships.D. They have fewer close friends indeed4.What does the last paragraph mainly talk about?A. The formation of close friends.B. The number of real friends.C. Honesty, love and affection.D. Factors to determine the degree of closeness.【文章大意】本文是一篇議論文。主要討論講述的是友誼的重要性。不論是青少年還是老年人，都需要朋友的陪伴。沒有人是孤立的，每個人都是社會的一部分，都需要他人的愛、陪伴和關(guān)心。人人需要友誼，需要歸屬感。1.A 【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段首句“Many studies have shown that teenagers who have no friends often suffer from psychological disorders.”可知，沒有朋友的青少年更可能遭受精神疾病。故選A。3.B 【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段尾句“Outgoing persons enjoy being surrounded by many people whereas shy persons are perhaps content with fewer but more intense friendships.”可在，外向的人喜歡交朋友。故選B。4.D 【解析】段落大意題。通讀最后一段可知，本段講述親密程度是由許多因素決定的，不管親密程度如何，友誼都是建立在互惠，真誠，愛和情感的基礎(chǔ)上的。二、單句語法填空1(2017·北京高考)Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, _ easily reach the books on the top shelf.答案：can此處表示能力，要用can。2I think you should apologize to your brother _your rudeness.答案：forapologize to sb. for sth. “因為某事向某人道歉”。3It is surprising that there are still many people in the world _(starve) to death each year.答案：starvingstarve to death “餓死”，people和starve在邏輯上存在主謂關(guān)系，故要用starve的現(xiàn)在分詞形式，作后置定語。4No official _(permit) has been given for the event to take place.答案：permissionofficial permission “官方許可”，在句中是名詞短語作主語。5Forgive others, and you _(forgive)答案：will be forgiven本句是“祈使句，and sb. will do .”句式，本句中forgive和you存在邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)。6The story reminds me _an unforgettable experience I once had.答案：ofremind sb. of sth. “使某人想到某事”。7Contrary to the popular belief _classical music is too complex, it achieves a simplicity that only a genius can create.答案：that句中belief為一抽象名詞，其后接由that連接的同位語從句進一步解釋說明belief。8I'd like to express my _(admire) for the courage and uncomplaining spirit of the firefighters.答案：admiration由空前的人稱代詞my可知，此處應(yīng)用名詞admiration “敬佩”。9_was obvious to everyone that the child had been badly treated.答案：ItIt is obvious that . “很明顯”。10The judge _(award) him $1,000 in damages.答案：awardedaward在句中是謂語動詞，意為“裁定；判給”。三、完形填空閱讀下列短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可能填入空白處的最佳選項。Mildred Webinga Freeman was an English teacher at the new middle school I attended in the ninth grade.She wasn't my _1_；she was the adviser to the safety patrol(巡邏隊)on which I _2_.I loved being around her and _3_ her sense of humor and kind personality.She was _4_ a good listener.At the end of the year，she _5_ that she was moving to Florida，and I was very sad.We exchanged _6_ and became pen pals.I could tell her _7_，and she treated me _8_ respect even though I was a teenager.In Florida，Mrs.Freeman became a Realtor(房地產(chǎn)經(jīng)紀人), _9_ she managed to find time to write letters.She wrote _10_ stories and always took my concerns _11_.She had given me a(n) _12_ invitation to visit，and I missed her so much.When I _13_ to take her up on the _14_ ，she answered，“Get your shoes on and your bags _15_ ！You are welcome anytime！”I spent three weeks with her in Miami.Her _16_ of poetry，music，and creative writing _17_ me to follow these endeavors(努力)One day _18_ hanging sheets on the clothesline，she _19_ and said，“You know，the sky is fuel for the soul.”I had never looked at the _20_ before hearing those words.Two years later，I received a call that Mrs.Freeman had passed away.1A.mother BfriendCclassmate Dteacher2A.served BadvisedCexpected Dled3A.shared BenjoyedCimagined Dfound4A.never BjustCstill Dalso5A.knew BannouncedCthought Drealized6A.addresses BgiftsCviews Droles7A.many BmuchCeverything Dsomething8A.in BasCwith Dto9A.so BbutCor Dfor10A.amusing BdifferentCemotional Dordinary11A.immediately BcarefullyCseriously Dprivately12A.urgent BluckyCambiguous Dopen13A.decided BhesitatedCwrote Dhurried14A.offer BpromiseCexcuse Dmessage15A.bought BfoundCfilled Dpacked16A.love BdreamCsense Dfeeling17A.persuaded BencouragedCforced Dallowed18A.before BonceCwhile Dafter19A.looked over Blooked outClooked up Dlooked down20A.clouds BflowersCpeople Dhouses【解題導(dǎo)語】本文主要講述了作者在中學(xué)期間和一名英語老師之間的故事?！竞诵脑~匯】adviser n顧問pen pal筆友concern n擔(dān)心的事，關(guān)切的事1D根據(jù)上文中的“Mildred Webinga Freeman was an English teacher at the new middle school I attended in the ninth grade”和空后的“she was the adviser to the safety patrol(巡邏隊)”可推知，Mildred Webinga Freeman不是作者的老師(teacher)，下文中的“and became pen pals”也是提示。2A根據(jù)語境并結(jié)合選項可知，作者當(dāng)時也在巡邏隊里。serve“為工作”。3B根據(jù)空前的“I loved being around her”可知，作者喜歡(enjoyed)老師的幽默感和善良的品質(zhì)。4D根據(jù)上文中的“an English teacher”和“the adviser”可知，本句是對這位老師身份的補充說明。她也(also)是一個好的傾聽者。5B根據(jù)語境可知，老師宣布(announced)了一個消息，她要搬到佛羅里達州了，作者感到很傷心。6A根據(jù)上文中的“At the end of the year, she _5_ that she was moving to Florida”和空后的“and became pen pals”可推知，作者和老師互換了地址(addresses)，成了筆友。7C根據(jù)上文中的“and became pen pals”與空后的“she treated me _8_ respect even though I was a teenager”可推知，作者與老師無話不談，這與上文作者樂于和老師相處的背景呼應(yīng)。故選C。8C固定搭配：treat sb.with sth.意為“以某種態(tài)度/方式對待某人”，符合語境，故選C。9B根據(jù)空后的“she managed to find time to write letters”可推知，上下文表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故選B。10A根據(jù)上文中的“I loved being around her and _3_ her sense of humor and kind personality”可推知，老師很幽默，總是給作者講一些好笑的(amusing)故事。11Ctake sb./sth.seriously為固定搭配，意為“認真對待某人/某事”。老師認真對待作者所關(guān)切的事情。12D根據(jù)下文中的“You are welcome anytime”可推知，老師歡迎作者隨時來訪，an open invitation為習(xí)語，意為“隨時可以來訪的邀請”，符合語境，故選D。urgent“急迫的”；ambiguous“模棱兩可的”。13C根據(jù)上文中的“We exchanged _6_ and became pen pals”可推知，作者寫信(wrote)告訴老師，他接受她的提議(offer)。14A參見上題解析。offer“提供，提議”。15D因為作者要去看望老師，因此老師建議作者收拾行李(packed)，隨時歡迎作者的到來。16A老師對詩歌、音樂和文學(xué)創(chuàng)作的熱愛(love)激勵(encouraged)著作者去努力。17B參見上題解析。18C一天，當(dāng)老師正在把床單掛在曬衣繩上的時候，她抬頭看(looked up)到了天空而有所感悟。while“當(dāng)時”。19C參見上題解析。20A根據(jù)上文中的“You know, the sky is fuel for the soul”并結(jié)合選項可知，當(dāng)時老師看了天空，此處指的應(yīng)是天上的云(clouds)。四、單句改錯1The festival of Halloween had its origin as an event in the memory of the dead._答案：去掉memory前的thein memory of “為了紀念”。2Don't worry. I'm sure your missing glasses will turn out sooner or later._答案：outupturn up “出現(xiàn)；露面”。turn out “證明是；結(jié)果是”。3It's possible to hold your breathe for two minutes in practice._答案：breathebreathbreathe是動詞，意為“呼吸”，breath是名詞，hold one's breath意為“屏住呼吸”。4The Internet gives people the chance to have the information they look forward to delivering to them quickly and cheaply._答案：deliveringdelivered句中“they look forward to”是定語從句，先行詞是information。have the information delivered “傳遞/發(fā)送信息”。5Word came the president would be shown around our school._答案：came后加thatWord came that . “消息傳來說”。that引導(dǎo)的是同位語從句，雖無意義但是不能省略。五、七選五根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。(2018·成都市高中畢業(yè)班第二次診斷性檢測)Do you know that intelligence can be developed? Do you realize it doesn't matter how smart you are but how hard you can work to grow？_1_ In her book，Mindset: The New Psychology of Success, Carol Dweck shares years of research conducted to prove it's not just talent that determines success but whether we approach a situation with the right mindset.Having a growth mindset has many，many benefits._2_ Having a growth mindset encourages you to not look at a deficit(不足額)as a deficit in ability but one of learning and that is one which can easily be achieved.This naturally has an impact on your sense of self­worth.Enjoy the process of learning.With a growth mindset，you look forward to acquiring new skills and absorbing new knowledge.You realize that everything that you learn can help you improve and become a better person._3_ Increase your confidence.According to Dweck and her fellow researchers“.in the growth framework，having clear deficits doesn't mean you aren't or won't be good at something.It's simply an occasion for learning._4_ You just need to believe in improvement over time.”Don't get confused by setbacks(挫折)When you have a growth mindset，you don't view a setback as something that sets you back._5_ Dweck shares，“Despite setbacksor even because of themthey find ways to keep themselves committed and interested.”ASeek challenges.BImprove your sense of self­worth.CSo you should never ignore the importance of learning.DIt can affect all areas of your life，from business to love.EYou view it as an opportunity to get better，and stronger.FMoreover，you don't need a full load of confidence to set about learning.GIf so，you're one of the fortunate few who are blessed with a growth mindset.【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文，論述了主題：成功不僅僅是靠天賦，而是靠后天的努力和成長的心態(tài)。1G根據(jù)空處后一句“In her book，Mindset：The New Psychology of Success，Carol Dweck shares years of research conducted to prove it's not just talent that determines success but whether we approach a situation with the right mindset”可知，Carol Dweck在她的書中分享了多年的研究來證明：決定成功的不僅僅是天賦，而是我們是否用正確的心態(tài)來處理事情；該句中的“the right mindset”和G項中的“a growth mindset”相匹配，故G項正確。2B空處為第二段的主題句，根據(jù)該段尾句“This naturally has an impact on your sense of self­worth”可知，該段主要介紹提高自我價值感的建議，故B項正確。3C根據(jù)空處前一句“You realize that everything that you learn can help you improve and become a better person”可知，你意識到你所學(xué)到的所有東西都能幫助你進步，讓你成為一個更好的人，該句說明了學(xué)習(xí)的重要性，故C項與此處匹配。4F根據(jù)該段主題句“Increase your confidence”可知，該段主要介紹提高自信心的建議，F(xiàn)項中的“confidence”與此處匹配，故F項正確。5E根據(jù)語境可知，當(dāng)你有成長的心態(tài)，就不會把挫折看成阻礙，而是看作讓你變得更好、更強的機會，故E項正確。8