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(江蘇專版)2020版高考英語大二輪復習 專題3 閱讀理解 第二節(jié) 推理判斷題 三 寫作意圖題學案 牛津譯林版

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(江蘇專版)2020版高考英語大二輪復習 專題3 閱讀理解 第二節(jié) 推理判斷題 三 寫作意圖題學案 牛津譯林版

三、寫作意圖題(2019·天津,D)WouldyouBETonthefutureofthisman?Heis53yearsold.Mostofhisadultlifehasbeenalosingstruggleagainstdebtandmisfortune.Awarinjuryhasmadehislefthandstopfunctioning,andhehasoftenbeeninprison.Drivenbyheaven-knows-whatmotives,hedeterminestowriteabook.Thebookturnsouttobeonethathasappealedtotheworldformorethan350years.ThatformerprisonerwasCervantes,andthebookwasDonQuixote(堂吉訶德).Andthestoryposesaninterestingquestion:whydosomepeoplediscovernewvitalityandcreativitytotheendoftheirdays,whileothersgotoseedlongbefore?Weveallknownpeoplewhorunoutofsteambeforetheyreachlifeshalfwaymark.Imnottalkingaboutthosewhofailtogettothetop.Wecantallgetthere.Imtalkingaboutpeoplewhohavestoppedlearningongrowingbecausetheyhaveadoptedthefixedattitudesandopinionsthatalltoooftencomewithpassingyears.Mostofus,infact,progressivelynarrowthevarietyofourlives.Wesucceedinourfieldofspecializationandthenbecometrappedinit.Nothingsurprisesus.Weloseoursenseofwonder.But,ifwearewillingtolearn,theopportunitiesareeverywhere.Thethingswelearninmaturityseldominvolveinformationandskills.Welearntobearwiththethingswecantchange.Welearntoavoidself-pity.Welearnthathowevermuchwetrytoplease,somepeoplearenevergoingtoloveusanideathattroublesatfirstbutiseventuallyrelaxing.Withhighmotivationandenthusiasm,wecankeeponlearning.Thenwewillknowhowimportantitistohavemeaninginourlife.However,wecanachievemeaningonlyifwehavemadeacommitmenttosomethinglargerthanourownlittleegos(自我),whethertolovedones,tofellowhumans,towork,ortosomemoralconcept.Manyofusequate(視等同于) “commitment”withsuch“caring”occupationsasteachingandnursing.Butdoinganyordinaryjobaswellasonecanisinitselfanadmirablecommitment.Peoplewhoworktowardsuchexcellencewhethertheyaredrivingatruck,orrunningastoremaketheworldbetterjustbybeingthekindofpeopletheyare.Theyvelearnedlifesmostvaluablelesson.語篇解讀本文從西班牙文學巨匠塞萬提斯講起,告訴我們不論身處哪個年齡階段,只要有目標,并且愿意學習,就可能取得成功。51.ThepassagestartswiththestoryofCervantestoshowthat.A.lossoffreedomstimulatesonescreativityB.ageisnotabarriertoachievingonesgoalC.miseryinspiresamantofightagainsthisfateD.disabilitycannotstopamanspursuitofsuccess答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一、二段內(nèi)容可知,塞萬提斯成年后生活坎坷,但他決心寫一本書,結(jié)果這本書暢銷了350多年,有些人直到生命的最后時刻都在發(fā)現(xiàn)新的活力和創(chuàng)意。由此可推知,作者以塞萬提斯的故事開頭是為了告訴我們年齡不是實現(xiàn)目標的障礙。52.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph3probablymean?A.Endonesstruggleforliberty.B.Wasteonesenergytakingrisks.C.Misstheopportunitytosucceed.D.Losetheinteresttocontinuelearning.答案D解析詞義猜測題。根據(jù)語境并結(jié)合畫線短語所在句可知,人們在還沒到達人生的終點之前就失去了繼續(xù)學習的興趣。故選D項。53.WhatcouldbeinferredfromParagraph4?A.Thosewhodaretotryoftengetthemselvestrapped.B.Thosewhotendtothinkbackcanhardlygoahead.C.Opportunityfavorsthosewithacuriousmind.D.Opportunityawaitsthosewithacautiousmind.答案C解析推理判斷題。通讀第四段可知,該段是說我們中大多數(shù)人總是減少自己生活的多樣性,困在自己的專業(yè)領(lǐng)域,沒有什么能給我們帶來驚喜,但是只要我們愿意學,到處都是機會。據(jù)此可推知,機會青睞有求知欲的人。54.WhatdoestheauthorintendtotellusinParagraph5?A.Atoughmancantoleratesuffering.B.Awisemancanlivewithoutself-pity.C.Amanshouldtrytosatisfypeoplearoundhim.D.Amanshouldlearnsuitablewaystodealwithlife.答案D解析推理判斷題。通讀第五段可知,該段說到我們成熟之后學會忍受自己改變不了的事,學會避免自我哀憐;知道有些人是我們無論怎么做都討好不了的,而這種想法最初會困擾我們,但最終我們會感到釋然。由此可知,作者在第五段想告訴我們應該學會用合適的方式對待生活,因此選D。55.Whatistheauthorspurposeinwritingthepassage?A.Toprovideguidanceonleadingameaningfuladultlife.B.Tostresstheneedofshoulderingresponsibilitiesatwork.C.Tostatetheimportanceofgeneratingmotivationforlearning.D.Tosuggestawayofpursuingexcellenceinourlifelongcareer.答案A解析寫作意圖題。通讀全文可知,本文通過塞萬提斯的經(jīng)歷告訴我們要讓自己成年的生活充滿意義。一、題型解讀各種話題的閱讀材料都可能考查寫作意圖/目的題。設(shè)問形式常有:1.整篇文章的寫作意圖/目的:(1)Theauthorwritesthispassageinorderto.(2)Theauthorofthepassageaimsto.(3)Thepurposeofthepassageisto.(4)Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?(5)Whatistheauthorsintentionofwritingthispassage?(6)Theauthorofthestorywantstotellusthat.2.某處細節(jié)的寫作意圖/目的:(1)Theauthoruses.inthefirstparagraphto.(2)Theauthorusestheexampleof.to.(3)Theauthorwritesthelastparagraphinorderto.(4)Whydoestheauthormention.inthefirstparagraph?二、解題技巧1.文體特點推意圖(1)記敘文:一般會在首段或尾段出現(xiàn)高度概括的總結(jié)性的語言,且往往有一定的哲理性,所有的敘述都是圍繞該哲理展開。(2)廣告類應用文:文章中有對某種物品或服務(wù)的詳盡介紹,使用具有明顯支持傾向的語言。(3)說明文:寫作目的有賴于對文章主旨的把握,閱讀時需要找準主題句。(4)議論文:提出論點進行論證得出結(jié)論,作者的意圖往往隱含于最后一部分中。2.看寫作手法找答案(1)在文章開頭提出問題或介紹與主題有關(guān)的其他事物時答案中往往會含有tobringin/tointroducethetopic等字眼。(2)舉例或引用某人的話時答案中往往會含有tosupport/toshow等字眼。例如:【真題感悟】中的第55題,文章為議論文,文章先提出論點,再進行論證,最后得出結(jié)論:我們要讓自己的成年生活充滿意義。A(2019·南徐鹽常四市聯(lián)考)Someofthegreatestmomentsinhumanhistorywerefuelledbyemotionalintelligence.WhenMartinLutherKing,Jr.presentedhisdream,hechoselanguagethatwouldstirtheheartsofhisaudience.Deliveringthiselectrifying(令人激動的) messagerequiredemotionalintelligencetheabilitytorecognize,understand,andmanageemotions.Emotionalintelligencehasbeenhighlyrecommendedbyleaders,policymakers,andeducatorsasthesolutiontoawiderangeofsocialproblems.Ifwecanteachourchildrentomanageemotions,theargumentgoes,wellhavelessbullyingandmorecooperation.Ifwecancultivateemotionalintelligenceamongleadersanddoctors,wellhavemorecaringworkplacesandmorecompassionatehealthcare.Emotionalintelligenceisimportant,buttheuncontrolledenthusiasmhasobscured(掩蓋) adarkside.Newevidenceshowsthatwhenpeoplesharpentheiremotionalskills,theybecomebetteratmanipulating(控制) others.Whenyouregoodatcontrollingyourownemotions,youcanhideyourtruefeelings.Whenyouknowwhatothersarefeeling,youcan1motivatethemtoactagainsttheirownbestinterests.Socialscientistshavebeguntodocumentthisdarksideofemotionalintelligence.11InaresearchledbyUniversityofprofessorJochenMenges,whenaleadergaveaninspiringspeechfilledwithemotion,theaudiencewaslesslikelytoscrutinize(細致審查) themessageandrememberedofthecontent.Ironicallyaudiencemembersweresomovedbythespeechthattheyclaimedtorecallmoreofit.Theauthorscallthistheawestruckeffect,butitmightjustaseasilybedescribedasthedumbstruckeffect.OneobserverreflectedthatHitlerspersuasive6impactcamefromhisabilitytostrategicallyexpressemotionshewould“tearopenhisheart”andtheseemotionsaffectedhisfollowerstothepointthattheywould“stopthinking2criticallyandjustemote”.Leaderswho7masteremotionscanrobusofourcapacitiestoreason.Iftheirvaluesareoutofstepwithourown,theresultscanbedestructive.Newevidencesuggeststhatwhenpeoplehaveself-servingmotives(動機),emotionalintelligencebecomesaweaponformanipulatingothers.InastudyledbytheUniversityofTorontopsychologistStephaneCote,universityemployeesfilledoutasurveyabouttheirMachiavellian(不擇手段的) tendencies,andtookatestmeasuringtheirknowledgeabouteffectivestrategiesformanagingemotions.Then,Cotesteamassessedhowoftentheemployeesdeliberatelyundermined(逐漸削弱) theircolleagues.Theemployees9involvedinthemostharmfulbehaviorswereMachiavellianswithhighemotionalintelligence.Theyusedtheiremotionalskillstolowerthedignityoftheirpeersforpersonalgain.ShiningalightonthisdarksideofemotionalintelligenceisonemissionofaresearchteamledbyUniversityCollegeLondonprofessorMartinKilduff.Accordingtotheseexperts,emotionalintelligencehelpspeopledisguise(偽裝) onesetofemotionswhileexpressinganotherforpersonalgain.ProfessorKilduffsteamwrites,“ThestrategicdisguiseofonesownemotionsandthemanipulationofothersemotionsforstrategicendsarebehaviorsevidentnotonlyonShakespearesstagebutalsointheofficesandcorridorswherepowerandinfluencearetraded.”O(jiān)fcourse,peoplearentalwaysusingemotionalintelligencefornefariousends.Moreoftenthannot,emotionalskillsaresimplyinstrumentaltoolsforgoalaccomplishment.AresearchteamdiscoveredthatfounderAnitaRoddickusedemotionalintelligencetoinspireheremployeesfundraiseforcharity.AsRoddickexplained,“Wheneverwewantedtopersuadeourstafftosupportaparticularprojectwealwaystriedtobreaktheirhearts.”Thereisgrowingrecognitionthatemotionalintelligencelikeanyskillcanbeusedforgoodorevil.Soifweregoingtoteachemotionalintelligenceinschoolsanddevelopitatwork,weneedtoconsiderthevaluesthatgoalongwithitandwhereitsactuallyuseful.1.WhydoestheauthormentionMartinLutherKing,Jr.?A.Tohonorthegreatleaderforhiscourage.B.Torecommendhisspeechtootherleaders.C.Toimpressthereaderswithamajortopic.D.Toadvocateasocietywithfewerproblems.答案C解析寫作意圖題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Someofthegreatestmomentsinhumanhistorywerefuelledbyemotionalintelligence.”可知,人類歷史上一些最偉大的時刻是由情商推動的,緊接著作者提到馬丁·路德·金就是為了給讀者留下深刻的印象,故C項正確。2.Whichofthefollowingbelongstoadarksideofemotionalintelligence?A.Developingthecapabilitytocontrolonesownemotion.B.Inducingpeopletodowhatbringsdisadvantagestothem.C.Appealingtotheaudiencetoconcentrateandremembermore.D.Encouragingthemovedaudiencetorecallmoreofthespeech.答案B解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句及最后一句可知,情商重要,但失控的熱情掩蓋了它的黑暗面,當你知道別人的感受時,你可以激勵他們違背自己的最佳利益,由此可知,誘導人們做對他們不利的事情屬于情商的黑暗面之一,故B項正確。3.WhatisthedumbstruckeffectofHitlersemotionalintelligence?A.Hisfollowerswouldtearopentheirheartstohim.B.Hisfollowerswouldexpressemotionsstrategically.C.Hisfollowerswouldlosetheabilitytoreasonproperly.D.Hisfollowerswoulddeveloptheself-servingmotives.答案C解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段第二句可知,希特勒之所以極具說服力,是因為他有能力戰(zhàn)略性地表達自己的情緒,這些情緒會影響到他的追隨者,讓他們不再批判性地思考,而只是發(fā)泄情緒,由此可知,希特勒情商的驚人影響是使他的追隨者失去了正確推理的能力,故C項正確。4.Howdopeopleusetheiremotionalintelligenceforpersonalgain?A.Theydisguisetheiremotionstoearnotherstrust.B.Theyhelptheircolleaguestobuildupconfidence.C.Theypresenttheirstrategicbehaviorsonthestage.D.Theylowertheirowndignitytogainpopularity.答案A解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第七段中的“emotionalintelligencehelpspeopledisguise(偽裝) onesetofemotionswhileexpressinganotherforpersonalgain”及“Thestrategicdisguiseofonesownemotionsandthemanipulationofothersemotionsforstrategicendsarebehaviorsevident”可知,人們通過掩飾自己的情緒贏得別人的信任來獲取個人利益,故A項正確。5.Whichmaymeanthesameastheunderlinedword“nefarious”inParagraph8?A.Immoral.B.Unimportant.C.Illegal.D.Uncontrollable.答案A解析詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞所在句及其后一句可知,人們并不總是利用情商來達到邪惡的目的,通常情感技巧只是實現(xiàn)目標的工具,由此可知畫線詞詞義為“邪惡的,不道德的”,故A項正確。6.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.TheBenefitsofEmotionalIntelligenceB.TheWaysofDisguisingOnesEmotionsC.TheReasonsforUsingEmotionalSkillsD.TheDarkSideofEmotionalIntelligence答案D解析標題歸納題。通讀全文,特別是第三段中的“Emotionalintelligenceisimportant,buttheuncontrolledenthusiasmhasobscured(掩蓋) adarkside.”可知,情商固然重要,但失控的熱情掩蓋了它的黑暗面,本文主要介紹的就是情商的黑暗面,故D項正確。B(2019·南京金陵中學、海安中學、外國語學校四模)“Beafraid.Beveryafraid,”saysa10characterinTheFly,ahorrorfilmaboutamanwhoturnsintoanenormousinsect.It3capturestheuneaseanddisgustpeopleoftenfeelforthekingdomofcockroaches,Zika-carryingmosquitoesandcreepycrawliesofallkinds.However,ecologistsincreasinglyseetheinsectworldassomethingtobefrightenedfor,notfrightenedof.Inthepasttwoyears,scoresofscientificstudieshavesuggestedthattrillionsofmurmuring,droning,honeybees,butterfliesandbeetlesaredyingoff.“Ifallmankindweretodisappear”,wroteE.O.Wilson,a4respectableentomologist,“theworldwouldregenerate.Ifinsectsweretovanish,theenvironmentwouldcollapseintochaos.”Mostofthestudiesdescribedeclinesof50%andmoreoverdecadesindifferentmeasuresofinsecthealth.Theimmediate5reactionisshock.Insectsenableplantstoreproduce,throughpollination (授粉),andarefoodforotheranimals,soacollapseintheirnumberswouldbecatastrophic.Butasecondlook8leadstoadifferentassessment.Ratherthancausingapanic,thestudiesshouldactasatimelywarningandareasontotakeprecautions.Thatisbecausetheworstfearisunproven.Therearenostudiesatallofwildinsectnumbersinmostoftheworld.Reliabledataaretooscarcetodeclareaglobalemergency.Moreover,wheretheevidencedoesshowacollapseinEuropeandAmericaagriculturalandruralecosystemsareholdingup.Farmproductionstillremainshigh.Assomeinsectspeciesdieout,othersseemtobemovingintotheniches (生態(tài)位) theyhaveleft,keepingecosystemsgoing,althoughwithlessbiodiversitythanbefore.Itishardtoarguethatinsectdeclineisyetcausingsignificanteconomicdamage.Buttherearecomplications.Agriculturalproductivityisnottheonlymeasureofenvironmentalhealth.Animalshavevalue,independentofanydirecteconomiccontributiontheymaymake.Themorespeciesmakeupanecosystem,themorestableitislikelytobe.Theextinctionofafewinsectspeciesamongsomanymightnotmakeabigdifference.Thelossofhundredsofthousandswould.Andthescaleoftheobserveddeclineraisesdoubtsabouthowlongecosystemscanremainresilient (能復原的).Anexperimentinwhichresearchersgraduallypulledoutinsectpollinatorsfromfieldsfoundthatplantdiversityheldupwelluntilabout90%ofinsectshadbeenremoved.Thenitcollapsed.12Giventhelackofdata,itisimpossibletoknowhowcloseEuropeandAmericaaretoanecosystemcollapse.Butitwouldberecklesstofindoutbyactuallytriggeringone.語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文。文章說明了昆蟲危機還沒有迫在眉睫,但是需要采取預防措施。否則后果不堪設(shè)想。7.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinthefirstparagraphimply?A.Ecologistshavelongbeenafraidofthosedisgustinginsects.B.Ecologistsareworriedaboutthedisappearanceofsomeinsects.C.Ecologistshavealreadygotridoftheprejudicedfeelingaboutinsects.D.Ecologistsarerespectfuloftheinsectsabilitytoregeneratethemselves.答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)畫線句及其后的內(nèi)容可知,生態(tài)學家越來越多地把昆蟲世界看作是受到驚嚇的物體,而不是嚇人的物體。在過去的兩年里,大量的科學研究表明,數(shù)以萬億計的嗡嗡作響的蜜蜂、蝴蝶和甲蟲正在消失。如果所有的人類都消失了,昆蟲學家元老威爾遜寫道,“世界還會再生但如果昆蟲消失了,環(huán)境就會陷入混亂?!彼酝ㄟ^威爾遜所說的話可以判斷出,第一段中帶下畫線的句子暗示出,生態(tài)學家擔心一些昆蟲的消失。故B選項正確。8.Whatconclusioncanwedrawfromthestudiesconductedinthepasttwoyears?A.Thoughthereisadeclineinthenumberofinsects,westillhavethereasontobeoptimistic.B.Biodiversitycancauseimmediatedamagesothatweshouldtakeprecautionsrightaway.C.Datacollectedfromallovertheworldisconvincingtoproveourenvironmentisatrisk.D.Theconsequenceofdecreasingbiodiversitymaybemoreseriousthanwecanimagine.答案D解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第三、四句“Thatisbecausetheworstfearisunproven.Therearenostudiesatallofwildinsectnumbersinmostoftheworld.”可知,生物多樣性減少的后果可能比我們想象的更為嚴重。故D選項正確。9.Whatistheauthorspurposeinwritingthepassage?A.Toshowthemagicalpowerofourmothernature.B.Toanalyzewhyinsectsareontheedgeofextinction.C.Todrawpeoplesattentiontothedecreasinginsects.D.Tourgethescientiststocollectmoredataaboutinsects.答案C解析寫作意圖題。通讀全文可知,短文說明了昆蟲危機還沒有迫在眉睫,但是需要預防措施。昆蟲是生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康的指標。它們的衰落是一個警告,提醒我們要注意這一點,否則一切都太晚了。所以寫這篇文章的目的是引起人們對正在減少的昆蟲的注意。故C選項正確。.障礙詞匯突破(一)閱讀下列句子,并根據(jù)句意猜測畫線部分的意思1.Researchershaveidentifiedseveralfactorsthatmotivatepeopletogetinvolvedinvoluntarywork.激勵2.Thishasgivenhimadispositiontoconsiderourtraditionscritically.批判地3.Therobberywascapturedonpolicevideocameras.記錄下,捕捉4.Hewasnowateacherandarespectablememberofthecommunity.受人尊敬的5.Ourinstinctivereactionwhensomeonecausesuspainistostrikeback.反應(二)同義詞語替換6.FrenchhadamajorimpactontheEnglishlanguage.influence7.Shestruggledtomasterherfearofheight.control8.Goodhabitsalwaysleadtohighefficiency,whilebadonesbringtheopposite.cause/resultin/bringin(三)一詞多義9.involvevt.包含;需要;涉及;影響;使參加(1)Ifyourgoalinvolvesotherpeople,putyourselfintheirpositions.影響(2)Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesincommunityactivitieswheretheycangainexperienceforgrowth.使參加(3)Acrosstalkperformanceinvolvestalking,imitating,singingandtellingjokes.包括10.charactern.性格,個性;特征;品性,人格;人物;角色;符號;文字(1)IdidntknowRonhadthatmuchstrengthofcharacter.個性(2)MichaelFishismyfavourite.Hesahoot,arealcharacter.人物(3)Schoolswerecreatedtoteachreading,mathsandmoralcharacter.人格(4)ThefilmisautobiographicalandthecentralcharacterisplayedbyCollardhimself.角色(5)Acharacterisaletter,number,orothersymbolthatiswrittenorprinted.文字;符號.長難句理解11.InaresearchledbyUniversityofprofessorJochenMenges,whenaleadergaveaninspiringspeechfilledwithemotion,theaudiencewaslesslikelytoscrutinizethemessageandrememberedofthecontent.句式分析本句是一個復合句,主句是theaudiencewaslesslikelytoscrutinizethemessageandrememberedofthecontent;InaresearchledbyUniversityofprofessorJochenMenges是地點狀語;其中l(wèi)edbyUniversityofprofessorJochenMenges是過去分詞短語作定語;whenaleadergaveaninspiringspeechfilledwithemotion是when引導的時間狀語從句。精美譯文在一個由大學教授JochenMenges主持的研究中(發(fā)現(xiàn)),當一個領(lǐng)導人做充滿激情的演講時,聽眾不太可能細致審查內(nèi)容細節(jié)并記住演講內(nèi)容。12.Giventhelackofdata,itisimpossibletoknowhowcloseEuropeandAmericaaretoanecosystemcollapse.句式分析本句是一個復合句,主句是itisimpossibletoknowhowclose.;其中how引導一個賓語從句;Giventhelackofdata是介詞短語作狀語,譯為“考慮到數(shù)據(jù)的缺乏”。精美譯文考慮到數(shù)據(jù)的缺乏,不可能知道歐洲和美洲生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的崩潰是何等的相近。強化練(二十一).單項填空1.Consideredtobealessdangeroustotobacco,“e-cigs”aretakingovertheWestasmoreandmorepeopleswitchoverwhentryingtokickthehabit.(2019·蘇州八校高三聯(lián)考)A.adjustmentB.alternativeC.advertisementD.amusement答案B解析adjustment調(diào)整,適應;alternative替代物,可供選擇的事物;advertisement廣告;amusement娛樂。句意為:隨著越來越多的人開始戒煙,被認為是危險程度更小的替代物電子煙在西方國家變得流行起來了。根據(jù)句意可知使用電子煙作為煙草的替代品,故B項正確。2.Whatwaswrong?Whydidntyougotothepicnicasscheduled?Imsorry.Iaseriously-injuredoldmantothehospital.(2019·南京六校聯(lián)合體高三月考)A.woulddeliverB.deliveredC.haddeliveredD.wasdelivering答案D解析考查時態(tài)。句意為:出什么事了?你為什么沒有按計劃去野餐?我很抱歉。我正在把一個嚴重受傷的老人送到醫(yī)院。結(jié)合句意可知此處是表示在過去某一段時間內(nèi)正在做某事,所以用過去進行時態(tài),故選D。3.MoreandmoreproductsoftheearlyInternetarecomingtoanend.ThesameistrueinChina,too,whereTencentsaysitllWebQQonJan.1,2019.A.shutdownB.improveonC.putforthD.setoff答案A解析句意為:越來越多的早期互聯(lián)網(wǎng)產(chǎn)品即將走到盡頭。在中國也是如此,騰訊表示它將在2019年1月1日關(guān)閉WebQQ。shutdown關(guān)閉,停止運轉(zhuǎn),符合語境。improveon改進;putforth提出;setoff出發(fā),引發(fā)。4.EveryoneinthetouristindustryhasmadethepointthatGovernmentassistanceishelpful,whattheyactuallyneedmostisforthevisitorsthemselvestoreturn.A.asB.whenC.whileD.since答案C解析句意為:從事旅游業(yè)的每個人都強調(diào)了這一點,盡管政府的援助確實有幫助,但是他們真正需要的是讓游客自己回來。while引導讓步狀語從句時,相當于though和although,表示“盡管”,故選C。5.Jennyisnotinthewaytotreatherstudents.Sometimessheistootoughonthem,andsometimesshejustallowsthemeverything.(2019·海安縣高三期末)A.consistentB.conventionalC.considerateD.controversial答案A解析考查形容詞詞義辨析。consistent始終如一的,一致的;conventional慣例的;considerate體貼的;controversial有爭議的。句意為:珍妮對待學生的方式不一致,有時她對他們太嚴厲了,有時又放任他們。故A項正確。6.Thecollegeannouncedthestudentsexchangeprogram,mostofstudentshavingsubmittedtheirapplicationforms.(2019·江蘇江都、華羅庚等中學聯(lián)考)A.themB.whichC.whoseD.its答案D解析考查獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。句意為:學院宣布了交換生計劃,大部分學生已經(jīng)提交了申請表。由于空格后面用了獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu),此處應該用形容詞物主代詞,it指代Thecollege,故D項正確。7.Nextdoortoours,whoseemtohavesettledinthiscommunityforquitealongtime.A.arelivingablackcoupleB.liveablackcoupleC.areablackcouplelivingD.doablackcouplelive答案B解析考查倒裝句。Nextdoortoours是地點狀語,置于句首時句子要全部倒裝,即主謂倒裝。句意為:我們隔壁住著一對黑人夫婦,他們似乎已經(jīng)在這個社區(qū)定居很久了。根據(jù)句意可知時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時,故選B。8.Allrightsreserved.Thecontentaboveshallnotbereprintedwithoutpermission,thanks.A.arbitrarilyB.barelyC.offensivelyD.optionally答案A解析考查副詞辨析。句意為:版權(quán)所有,以上內(nèi)容未經(jīng)允許不準隨意重印,謝謝。arbitrarily隨意地,武斷地;barely勉強,幾乎不;offensively冒犯地,討厭地;optionally有選擇地。故選A。9.Ifyouwanttoimproveyourfigureandhealth,themosteffectivethingtodoistoshowupatthegymeverytimeyoubethere.A.canB.willC.mayD.shall答案A解析考查情態(tài)動詞。句意為:如果你想改善你的身材和健康,要做的最有效的事情是每一次你能去健身房的時候就一定出現(xiàn)在那里。本題can表示能力。10.MustIstayathomereviewinglessonsevenatweekends?Lasttimeyoudidpasstheexamunexpectedly,butdontthistimebecauseitismuchmoredifficult.A.pullyourweightB.sealyourfateC.pushyourluckD.breakyourback答案C解析句意為:周末我必須待在家里復習功課嗎?上次你出人意料地通過了考試,但是這次不要碰運氣了,因為考試會難得多。pullyourweight盡最大努力;sealyourfate決定你的命運;pushyourluck再次冒險,繼續(xù)碰運氣;breakyourback拼命工作。根據(jù)語境可知,答話者認為對方上次通過考試是靠運氣,所以在提醒對方要認真復習而不能再憑運氣,故選C項。.閱讀理解AElNiño,aSpanishtermfor“theChristchild,”wasnamedbySouthAmericanfishermenwhonoticedthattheglobalweatherpattern,whichhappenseverytwotosevenyears,reducedtheamountoffishescaughtaroundChristmas.ElNiñoseeswarmwater,collectedoverseveralyearsinthewesternPacific,flowbackeastwardswhenwindsthatnormallyblowwestwardsweaken,orsometimestheotherwayround.Theweathereffects,bothgoodandbad,arefeltinmanyplaces.RichcountriesgainmorefrompowerfulNiños,onbalance,thantheylose.AstudyfoundthatastrongNiñoin1997-98helpedAmericaseconomygrowby$15billion,partlybecauseofbetteragriculturalharvests:farmersintheMidwestgainedfromextrarain.Thetotalriseinagriculturalincomesinrichcountriesisgreaterthanthefallinpoorones.ButinIndonesiaextremelydryforestsareinflames.Amulti-yeardrought(干旱) insouth-eastBrazilisbecomingworse.ThoughheavyrainsbroughtaboutbyElNiñomayrelievethedroughtinCalifornia,theyarelikelytocausesurfacefloodingandotherdisasters.ThemostrecentpowerfulNiño,in1997-98,killedaround21,000peopleandcauseddamageworth$36billionaroundtheglobe.ButsuchNiñoscomewithmonthsofwarning,andsomuchisknownabouthowtheyhappenthatgovernmentscanprepare.AccordingtotheOverseasDevelopmentInstitute (ODI),however,just12%ofdisaster-relieffundinginthepasttwodecadeshasgoneonreducingrisksinadvance,ratherthanrecoveryandreb

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