2020屆高考英語一輪復習 語法 專項突破（10）定語從句（含解析）牛津譯林版

定語從句單句語法填空1、Thats the new machine _ parts are too small to be seen.2、I refuse to accept the blame for something _ was someone elses fault.3、Its helpful to put children in a situation_they can see themselves differently.4、I admire my English teacher. I can remember very few occasions_she stopped working because of ill health.5、In most cases, college graduates don't mind what job they will do so long as it is one_ they can earn money to support themselves.6、Finally he reached a lonely island_ was completely cut off from the outside world.7、The dishes _I cooked were Mom's favorite.8、He wrote a letter_ he explains what had happened in the accident.9、Simon is a comedian and actor _has 10 years' experience of teaching comedy.10、The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere_ his employees enjoy their work.11、Students should involve themselves in community activities _they can gain experience for growth.12、We have launched another man-made satellite, _is announced in todays newspaper.13、For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread out further, _ _ New York is an example.14、He is now reading a book about a scientist,_he dreams to be.15、We will put off the picnic in the park until next week,_the weather may be better.單句改錯1、I was waiting for the green light at a crossing when a girl of about ten was knocked down by a passing car, it drove off quickly._2、First,we went to Zhili Governor Office,where is a very famous tourist spot in China._3、Air pollution is the most serious kind of pollution,what is bad for living things in the world._4、In life people make many decisions,some of what are so important that they affect us greatly._5、It can be seen,more and more people own mobile phones in China now._6、I stay in a dormitory with three other girls,all of them are kind and nice._7、Cartier first reached the Gulf of the St. Lawrence,which he wanted to make an exploration._8、Can you tell me the way in which you have come up with?_9、Is this the reason why he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?_10、Students fail to meet the requirements of the course will fail._11、We should take an active attitude to our studies, and try to get a mark what is true as well as good._12、The idea has quickly spread to Europe which special courses are now offered to children who are from 7 to 24 months old._13、That was the reason how he was late for school._14、I enjoyed my stay in the library when I could read various books I was interested in._15、The woman said that her husband had died some months before and that she didnt have anyone else in her family could help her._ 答案以及解析單句語法填空1答案及解析：答案：whose解析：machine為先行詞,從句的主語parts前缺少作定語的引導詞,只能填入whose。 2答案及解析：答案：that 解析：句意:我拒絕接受因為別人的錯誤而遭受的責備。由句意可知,題干中的先行詞為something。 當先行詞為something, nothing,anything 等不定代詞時,定語從句的引導詞只能用that。 3答案及解析：答案：where解析：句意:讓孩子置身于一個能夠從不同的角度審視自己的環(huán)境中是有好處的。所填詞引導定語從句并在從句中作狀語,先行詞表示地點,故用where。 4答案及解析：答案：when解析：句意:我很欽佩我的英語老師,我記得她很少有因為生病而停止工作的時候。考查定語從句。分析句子成分可知,occasions為先行詞,關系詞在從句中作時間狀語,故填when。 5答案及解析：答案：where解析：句意:在大多數(shù)情況下,大學畢業(yè)生不在乎他們將做什么工作,只要是一個能掙錢養(yǎng)活自己的工作就行。“ they can eammoney to support themselves”為定語從句,先行詞為one,即a job。將先行詞代入定語從句后為they can earn money to support themselves in the job,由此可見關系詞在定語從句中作地點狀語,故用where。 6答案及解析：答案：which/that解析：句意:他最后到了一座完全與外面世界隔絕的孤島上。本題考查定語從句。定語從句修飾的先行詞是island,將先行詞代入定語從句后為:The island was completely cut off from the outside world.由此可見先行詞在定語從句中作主語,且先行詞表“物”,故用that或which。 7答案及解析：答案：which/that/不填解析：考查定語從句。關系詞在從句中作賓語,指物,用關系詞which/that,也可不填。 8答案及解析：答案：where解析：考查定語從句。句意:他寫了一封信,在信中他解釋了事故中發(fā)生了什么。先行詞為a letter,定語從句中的主謂賓成分齊全,缺少的是地點狀語,所以用關系副詞where。 9答案及解析：答案：who/that解析：考查定語從句的關系詞。先行詞是a comedian and actor,關系詞在從句中作主語,所以用who或者that。 10答案及解析：答案：where解析：句意:這家公司的老板正在努力營造一種輕松的氛圍,在這種氛圍中他的員工們?nèi)枷硎芄ぷ鞯目鞓贰８鶕?jù)句意,此處考査的是定語從句,先行詞為atmosphere,為抽象地點名詞,定語從句缺少狀語,故應該用表示地點的關系副詞where來引導定語從句。 11答案及解析：答案：where解析：句意:應該讓學生參與社團活動,在活動中他們能夠獲得成長所需要的經(jīng)驗。分析句子結構可知,從空格處一直到句尾為定語從句,修飾先行詞activities,并且先行詞在定語從句中作地點狀語,故填關系副詞where。 12答案及解析：答案： which解析：句意:我們又發(fā)射了一顆人造衛(wèi)星,這件事是在今天的報紙上宣布的。本題考查非限制性定語從句。關系詞指代前面整句話,并在定語從句中作主語,且表示“事物”,故用which引導。 13答案及解析：答案：of/among which解析：考查定語從句中的關系詞+which。句意:對于世界上許多城市來說,沒有進一步擴展的空間,紐約就是其中的一個例子。there is no room to spread out further, 是插入語。本句中的先行詞是many cities,在定語從句中作of/among的賓語,即New York is an example of/among the cities, the cities是先行詞,指物。所以是of/among which。故本題填 (1). of/among   (2). which 14答案及解析：答案：which解析：考查定語從句。句意:他現(xiàn)在正在讀一本關于科學家的書,他夢想成為書中的那個樣子。分析句子可知,本句中的定語從句修飾前面的一整個句子He is now reading a book about a scientist,指代整個句子的只能是which,在定語從句中作be的表語,故填which。 15答案及解析：答案：when解析：句意為：我們將在公園的野餐推遲到下周，那時天氣可能會好些。設空處引導一個非限定性定于從句，且在從句中做時間狀語，故填when 單句改錯 1答案及解析：答案：I was waiting for the green light at a crossing when a girl of about ten was knocked down by a passing car,  drove off quickly.解析：句意:我正在一個十字路口等綠燈,這時一個大約十歲的小女孩被一輛經(jīng)過的汽車撞倒了,這輛車快速逃逸了. it不能引導非限制性定語從句.故應用關系代詞which引導. 2答案及解析：答案：First,we went to Zhili Governor Office, is a very famous tourist spot in China.解析：句意:首先.我們前往直隸總督府,這在中國是一個非常著名的旅游景點. 先行同為Zhili Governor 且定語從句中缺少主語.故應將where改為which注意關系代詞that不能引導非限制性定語從句。 3答案及解析：答案：Air pollution is the most serious kind of pollution,  is bad for living things in the world.解析：句意:空氣污染是最嚴重的污染,對世界上所有生物都有害。先行詞為air pollution.關系代詞which引導非限制性定語從句.且在從句中作主語:what不能引導定語從句。 4答案及解析：答案：In life people make many decisions,some of  are so important that they affect us greatly.解析：句意:人們在生活中做很多決定,其中一些決定是如此重要以至于對我們造成巨大的影響.介詞+ which引導作限制性定語從句,補充說明先行詞decisions. 5答案及解析：答案： can be seen,more and more people own mobile phones in China now.解析：句意:正如所見,現(xiàn)在在中國,越來越多的人擁有手機. 關系代詞as引導作限制性定語從句,且在從句中作主語,代替主句內(nèi)容。 6答案及解析：答案：I stay in a dormitory with three other girls, all of / are kind and nice.解析：句意:我和其他三個女孩住在一個宿舍里,她們都善良而友好,逗號前后均為句子,應由連詞連接,故在all前加and;也可以將逗號后的成分看成定語從句,先行詞為girls, 指人.故需將them改為whom. 7答案及解析：答案：Cartier first reached the Gulf of the St. Lawrence,  he wanted to make an exploration.解析：句意:Cartier首先抵達了圣勞倫斯灣,他想在那里進行探索.先行詞 the Gulf of the St. Lawrence指地點.且定語從句中缺少地點狀語,故關系代詞which 應改為關系副詞where。 8答案及解析：答案：Can you tell me the way in which you have come up with?解析：因為先行詞the way在從句中作賓語,故用that或which來引導該定語從句。 9答案及解析：答案：Is this the reason  he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?解析：因為定語從句中缺少賓語,故用which或that來引導定語從句。 10答案及解析：答案：Students  fail to meet the requirements of the course will fail.解析： 11答案及解析：答案：We should take an active attitude to our studies, and try to get a mark  is true as well as good.解析：句意:我們應該用積極的態(tài)度對待我們的學習, 努力獲得真實而又優(yōu)異的成績. 此處應用關系代詞which/that引導定語從句,修飾先行詞mark,且關系代詞在從句中作主語,what不用于引導定語從句。 12答案及解析：答案：The idea has quickly spread to Europe which/  special courses are now offered to children who are from 7 to 24 months old.解析：句意:這個理念迅速傳播到歐洲,如今這些特殊的課程在歐洲被提供給7至24個月大的嬰幼兒. 先行詞為Europe,是一個地點,且從句中缺少地點狀語,故用關系副詞 where引導定語從句,where相與于in which. 13答案及解析：答案：That was the reason  he was late for school.解析：句意:那就是他上學遲到的原因. the reason作先行詞, 位用關系副詞why引導定語從句.why相當于for which. 14答案及解析：答案：I enjoyed my stay in the library  I could read various books I was interested in.解析：句意:我喜歡在圖書館逗留, 在那里我可以閱讀各種各樣感興趣的書.先行詞library為地點名詞,故用where引導定語從句,且在從句中作地點狀語. 15答案及解析：答案：The woman said that her husband had died some months before and that she didnt have anyone else in her family  could help her.解析：句意:這個女人說,她的丈夫幾個月前去世了, 家里沒有人能夠幫助她從句中缺少關系代詞.who引導定語從句, 修飾先行詞anyone else. 10