備戰(zhàn)2019年高考英語 考點一遍過 考點17 -ing分詞（含解析）

考點17 -ing分詞高考頻度：定義-ing分詞分為現(xiàn)在分詞和動名詞，現(xiàn)在分詞和動名詞形式一樣，都是由v+ing構(gòu)成，但是在句子中的作用不一樣，動名詞是動詞非謂語形式的一種；動名詞具有動詞和名詞的特征；在句中可作主語、表語、賓語和定語；現(xiàn)在分詞在句中作狀語、定語、表語、賓補。形式時態(tài)主動被動一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done否定式否定詞（not/never）+動名詞考向一 現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞的用法1.作表語：現(xiàn)在分詞表示主語所具有的特征或?qū)傩?；過去分詞表示主語所處的狀態(tài)。The situation is encouraging.情況很受人鼓舞。2作定語：（1）單獨作定語，常放在被修飾的名詞之前。touching story /coming week /skilled worker / armed forces / boiled waterBarking dogs seldom bite.亂叫的狗不咬人。但某些過去分詞（如concerned關(guān)切的/有關(guān)的，used舊的/用過的，given特定的/給予的，involved復雜的/涉及的）置于名詞前后其意義不同。 a concerned look/the students concerned/a used car/the textbook used.（2）現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，分詞應(yīng)放在被修飾的名詞之后；表示正在進行的動作時,變?yōu)閺木鋾r要用進行時態(tài)和表示經(jīng)常性的動作或現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)時，變?yōu)閺木鋾r要用一般時態(tài)；同被修辭的詞（先行詞）有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，在意義上相當于一個主動語態(tài)的定語從句。Who is the man standing （= who is standing） by the door?站在門邊的人是誰。They built a highway leading （= that/which leads） into the mountains.一條通往山里的高速路。（3）過去分詞作定語時，分詞應(yīng)放在被修飾的名詞之后；表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前/不確定；同被修辭的詞（先行詞）有邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，在意義上相當于一個被動語態(tài)的定語從句。The meeting held（=that/which was held） last week is very important. 上周舉行的回憶是非常重要的。（4）其他應(yīng)注意： 若表示的動作此刻正在進行或同時進行，可用被動語態(tài)的進行時態(tài)（現(xiàn)在分詞的被動語態(tài)）表示。We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here.我們必須保守正在討論的事情。 若表示的是一個未來的動作，可用不定式的被動語態(tài)表示。Please tell me the subjects to be discussed at the next meeting.請告訴我在下次會議上討論的主題。 分詞還可作非限制性定語（相當于非限制性定語從句），此時須和句子的其他部分用逗號隔開，試比較：All my brothers living in Shanghai are scientists.=All my brothers, living in Shanghai, are scientists.居住在上海的所有兄弟是科學家。 現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語時，表示的動作不能先于謂語動作，也不可表示將來；一般不用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式作定語，故下列句子是錯的：Here is Mr. Li coming from Beijing. （應(yīng)改為who has come from Beijing） 他是來自北京的李先生。Those having finished their work can go home now. （應(yīng)改為who have finished）已經(jīng)完成家庭作業(yè)的現(xiàn)在可以回家。 系動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式不可用作后置定語，此時要用從句來表示。Those being busy dont have to go. （應(yīng)改為Those who are busy dont have to go.）正在忙的人不必離開。 不及物動詞的過去分詞不可用作后置定語，若要表示這個意思要用從句。The lion died in this zoo the other day was a mother lion. （應(yīng)改為which/that died） 前天死在公園的獅子是頭母獅。3. 作賓補：（1）常構(gòu)成“感官動詞/使役動詞+賓語+doing sth/done”Im sorry to have kept you waiting for so long.讓你等在這好久很難過。（2）現(xiàn)在分詞做賓補表示動作與謂語同時發(fā)生或正在進行，強調(diào)動作過程；與賓語有著邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，賓補一般為賓語所做的動作；過去分詞做賓補表示動作完成,與賓語有著動賓關(guān)系且含有被動意義，賓語是過去分詞表示的動作的承受者。He watched the TV set carried out of the room.他看從房間帶出的電視。Last year they had the house rebuilt.去年他們重修了這座房子。（3）變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)，賓補就成了主語補足語，與謂語一起稱為“復合謂語”。We were kept waiting for quite a long time.我們被等待了好久。1.（2017·天津卷·單項填空）Around 13,500 new jobs were created during the period, _the expected number of 12,000 held by market analysts.A. having exceeded B. to exceedC. exceeded D. exceeding【參考答案】D2.（2017·北京卷·單項填空）The national park has a large collection of wildlife, _ from butterflies to elephants. A. ranging B. range C. to range D. ranged 【參考答案】A【答案解析】考查非謂語動詞。 range是不及物動詞，意為“(在一定幅度內(nèi))變化”，此處作解釋說明的狀語，表主動。故答案選A。句意：國家動物園有大量野生動物， 從蝴蝶到大象都有。2.(2017·江蘇卷·單項填空) Many Chinese brands, _their reputations over centuries，are facing new challenges from the modern market.A. having developed B. being developed C. developed D. developing【參考答案】A考向二 動名詞一、動名詞概述1. 動名詞的一般式，表示的動作可以與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生或前后。We all enjoy listening to music.（同時發(fā)生）我們所有的人都喜歡聽音樂。Do you remember meeting me there?（在謂語動詞前發(fā)生）你還記得見過他嗎？2. 動名詞的完成式表示在謂語動詞之前完成的動作。I regret not having been taken to the Great Wall when I was a child.當我是個孩子的時候很遺憾沒有被帶到過長城。She attended the party without being invited.沒有被邀請他就參加了這個晚會。3. 當一個動名詞邏輯上的主語所表示的是這動作的承受者時，這個動名詞一般要用被動形式。This question is far from being settled.問題遠沒有解決。4. 如果表示的動作在謂語表示的動作之前發(fā)生，有時需要用動名詞的完成被動形式。I dont remember having ever been given a chance to try this method. 我不機器曾經(jīng)給過他機會嘗試這個方法。二、 動名詞的用法1.作主語（1）謂語動詞應(yīng)用第三人稱單數(shù)。Seeing is believing.眼見為實。（2）it（形式主語）be no+n（use/ good/wonder.）+doing sth there be no +n（point/doubt/signs/way.）+doing sthIts no use telling him about it,its too late already.已經(jīng)太晚了，所以告訴他沒有用。（3）作主語動名詞與不定式的區(qū)別： 動名詞作主語表示抽象的動作，不與特定的動作執(zhí)行者有關(guān)；不定式作主語表示具體的動作或行為，與特定的動作執(zhí)行者有關(guān)。He realized that to go on like this was no use.（具體）他意識到像這樣繼續(xù)沒用。Its no use crying over split milk.（抽象）因拋灑的牛奶哭泣沒用。特別提醒：表語是動名詞，主語也用動名詞；表語是不定式，主語也用不定式。 動名詞和不定式作主語，都可用形式主語it，動名詞或不定式放在句尾時用動名詞，不用不定式。its no use/good doing its a waste of time doing 但在its important /necessary /advisable/essential 中，只用不定式。Its no use going there today; he wont be at home.今天去哪沒用，因為不在家。Its a waste of time arguing about it. 和他爭論時浪費時間。2. 作表語（1）用來解釋說明主語的內(nèi)容。Their job is building houses.他們的工作是建房子。（2）作表語動名詞與不定式的區(qū)別：動名詞作表語表示抽象的行為,習慣；不定式作表語表示具體的特別是動作。My favourite sport is swimming.我最喜歡的運動游泳。（3）動名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞的區(qū)別：作表語： 動名詞作表語相當于名詞，說明主語的含義及內(nèi)容,主語與表語互換位置不影響句子的基本含義，不可用副詞來修飾；現(xiàn)在分詞作表語相當于形容詞，說明主語的特征,性質(zhì),狀態(tài)等，主語與表語不可互換位置，可用very/quite等副詞來修飾。Our duty is serving the people heart and soul.我的職責是全心全意為人民服務(wù)。作定語：現(xiàn)在分詞表示所修辭的名詞的動作，邏輯上是主謂關(guān)系；動名詞表示被修辭的名詞的作用，目的和用途等，無主謂關(guān)系。A sleeping baby=a baby who is sleeping.作主語：動名詞可做主語，現(xiàn)在分詞不可。3.作賓語（1）vt+doing sth【巧學妙記】巧記跟動名詞的動詞：考慮建議盼原諒，承認推遲沒得想；避免錯過繼續(xù)練，否認完成就欣賞；禁止想象才冒險，不禁介意準逃亡consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon,admit, delay/put off, fancy;avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice,deny, finish, enjoy/appreciate;forbid, imagine, risk,cant help, mind, allow/permit, escape.Mary is considering changing her job.瑪麗正在考慮換工作。【注意】某些動詞后接兩種結(jié)構(gòu)，意義不同。remember/ forget/ regret/ try /mean /stop/go on/cant help/ be afraid（of）/be sure （of）to do doingsthI forgot to close the door before I left the room.在我離開房間前，忘記關(guān)門。I forgot having closed the door.我忘記關(guān)門。 （2）s+v+it+n/adj+doing sth（it作形式賓語）I consider it a waste of time arguing about it.（3）【insist on / object to / feel like /look forward to / devote to / get （be） used to 】+doing sthHe insisted on seeing us home.他堅持看我們的家。They all objected to putting the meeting off.所有的人對法對取消會議。（4）S+have+n（difficulty/trouble/problem/a good time/a hard time/fun）+（in）+doing sth/with sthI have some difficulty (in) finishing my work in time. 在及時完成家庭作業(yè)方面我有困難。4. 作定語動名詞作定語表示被修飾名詞的用途，無邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系；現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，表示被修飾名詞的動作行為，有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。singing competition 歌詠比賽 swimming pool 游泳池1.（2018·北京卷·單項填空） _ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experienceA. Travel B. Traveling C. Having traveled D. Traveled【參考答案】B【答案解析】考查動名詞。句意：沿著絲綢之路旅行是一次既有趣又有益的經(jīng)歷?！癬 along the old Silk Road”做主語，要用動名詞，故B選項正確。1._ the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.A. IgnoreB. IgnoringC. IgnoredD. Having ignored【參考答案】B5. Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and _ to ruins, the city took on a new look.A. reducing B. reduced C. being reduced D. having reduced【參考答案】C【答案解析】考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處應(yīng)與前面的suffering并列，作介詞after的賓語，同時動詞reduce與邏輯主語the city之間構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系，所以用動名詞的被動形式，故選C項。題組一 基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)I.用所給詞的正確形式填空1.A build-it-yourself solar still（蒸餾器） is one of the best ways to obtain _(drink)water in areas where the liquid is not readily available.2.We were respectful of craft（技藝）and focused on _(dig) into the characters we were going to play.3. _ (work) for two days，Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.4. The park was full of people，_ (enjoy) themselves in the sunshine.5. In addition to their simple beauty，what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to“air condition”a house without _(use)electric equipment.6.Listening to music at home is one thing，going to hear it _ (perform) live is quite another.7.Keep _ (hold)your position for a while. It helps develop your strength and flexibility.8.I got to the office earlier that day，_ (catch) the 7：30 train from Paddington.II.單項填空1.After a long absence, I went back to college, _ to pick up where Id left off.A. hopingB. hopeC.to hopeD. hoped2. _of their bad habits, the boys switched from being dependent on their parents to _ for others.A. Having rid; sacrificingB. To rid; sacrificeC. Rid; sacrificingD. Having been rid; sacrifice3. _with the passengers on the missing plane, their families were sitting in front of the television all day and all night, _anxiously for the latest news.A. Concerned; waitingB. Concerning; waitingC. Concerned; waitedD. Concerning; waited4._ at the clock on the wall, Alice found that she was late.A. To glanceB. GlancingC. GlanceD. Glanced5. _ the right decision _ the future is probably an important thing we will ever do in our lives.A. Making; concernedB. Make; concerningC. To make；concernedD. Making; concerning6. _children to stay in touch with the nature, I think, will benefit them in the long run.A. EncouragedB. EncourageC. EncouragingD. To have encouraged7.It is no good completely _students from surfing the Internet.A. bannedB. banningC.to banD. having banned8.The recent survey shows that lack of parents love is the leading factor (因素)that results in a teenager_ in computer games.A. losingB. lostC. being lostD.to be lost9.When Mr. Liu returned from a long vacation, there was a pile of documents_ for him in his office.A. waitedB.to waitC. waitingD. being waited10.The worse working conditions we are looking forward to_ must have attracted the local governments attention.A. see improvedB. seeing to improveC. see improvingD. seeing improved題組二 能力提升閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入 1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 “The only female giant panda in Britain 1(believe) to be pregnant,” Edinburgh Zoo said Thursday. The zoo said, “Tian Tian is being 2(close) monitored, but its unclear 3she will give birth. Its hard to predict exactly and the panda breeding (繁殖) season can last until late September.”Tian Tian and male panda Yang Guang, who are both 14, 4(arrive) in Edinburgh on a decade-long loan from China in 2011 and are 5only giant pandas in Britain. Tian Tian, or Sweetie, has been pregnant several 6(time) before in the U. K. but has never given birth.Giant pandas have difficulty breeding and their pregnancies are very difficult 7(follow). The animals also experience “pseudo-pregnancies (偽懷孕)”, during 8their behavior and hormonal (生理的) changes indicate they are pregnant even when they are not.The zoos statement came after the Edinburgh Evening Nevus used the Freedom of Information Act to obtain communication between the zoo and Scottish government 9(show) that Tian Tian had been artificially inseminated and could give birth as early as this week. In a July 25 email, Iain Valentine, panda 10(direct) at the Royal Zoological Society of Scotland, said he thought Tian Tian was about 30 days away from giving birth.題組三 體驗真題1. (2017·天津卷)The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, _ more patients to be treated.A. being allowed B. allowing C. having allowed D. allowed2.（2016·北京卷）Newly-built wooden cottages line the street, _ the old town into a dreamland.A. turn B. turningC. to turn D. turned3.（2016·天津卷）The cooling wind swept through out bedroom windows, _ air conditioning unnecessary. A. making B. to make C. made D. being made4.（2014·湖南卷）_your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning toconvey your affection and emotions.A. UnderstandingB. To be understoodC. Being understoodD. Having understood5.（2013·福建卷）_ basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.A. Known B. Having known C. Knowing D. Being known6.(2013·浙江卷)_how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.A. Hearing B. Hear C. Having heard D. To be hearing題組一 基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)I.用所給詞的正確形式填空1. drinking2. digging3.Having worked4.enjoying5.using6.being performed7.holding8.having caughtII.單項填空1.A 【解析】考查非謂語。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句子缺少狀語。句子的主語I與hope之間是主動關(guān)系；此處用現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語。句意：一長段缺席之后，我回到了大學，希望從我離開的地方學起。故選A。2.A 3.A 【解析】考查非謂語。concerned是形容詞，意思是“關(guān)切的；憂慮的，擔心的”，在此用形容詞作狀語，指“家屬們對于失聯(lián)飛機上的乘客都很擔心”；主語their families與wait之間是主動關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語，指“等待著最新消息”。故選A。4.B 【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：瞥了一眼墻上的表，愛麗絲發(fā)現(xiàn)她遲到了。glance與句子的主語有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，且在意思上表示主動意義，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞的主動形式，故選B。5.D 【解析】考查非謂語動詞。由句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，make the right decision是該句的主語，應(yīng)用其-ing形式；concerning是介詞，表示 “關(guān)于”，故選D項。 6.C 【解析】考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，I think是插入語，前面為主語，此處泛指“鼓勵孩子們與自然保持聯(lián)系”這一行為，應(yīng)使用ing分詞。故選C。7.B 【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：完全禁止是沒有好處的。該句屬于"It+is+名詞/形容詞(no good/no use/useless)+doing."句型，It為形式主語,故選B項。8.C 【解析】考查非謂語。句意：最近的調(diào)查顯示，缺少父母的愛是導致青少年在電腦游戲中迷失的主要因素。A teenager is lost in computer games.指“青少年迷失在電腦游戲中”，其放在短語result in后面用動名詞形式作賓語。故選C。9.C 【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：當劉先生渡完長假回來，辦公室里有一大堆文件在等著他處理。在there be句型中，名詞documents和wait是主動關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞做定語，表示正存在的狀態(tài)。故選C。10.D 題組二 能力提升【文章大意】來自英國愛丁堡動物園的消息，英國唯一的雌性大熊貓被懷孕了，在不久的未來就要生小寶寶了。1.is believed【解析】考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)、主謂一致。句子最后一句那個主語是The only female giant panda，是單數(shù)；與believe之間是被動關(guān)系；根據(jù)后面的內(nèi)容可知，此處用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。故填is believed。2.closely【解析】考查副詞。此處指“被密切監(jiān)視”，用副詞修飾謂語動詞。故填closely。3.when【解析】考查連詞。句意：還不確定她什么時候生小寶寶。此處it是形式主語，when引起真正的主語從句。故填when。4.arrived【解析】考查時態(tài)。根據(jù)后面的時間狀語“in 2011”可知，句子用一般過去時態(tài)。故填arrived。5.the【解析】考查冠詞?！皌he only”指“唯一的人或者物”，是固定搭配。故填the。6.times【解析】考查名詞。此處time是“次數(shù)”的意思，several修飾可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)形式。故填times。7.to follow【解析】考查非謂語。此處運用了“sth.+be+adj.+to do”句式。故填to follow。8.which【解析】考查連詞。此處指非限制性定語從句，先行詞是“pseudo-pregnancies”，引導詞which指代先行詞，作介詞during的賓語。故填which。9.showing【解析】考查非謂語。句子中有謂語came，此處是非謂語在句中作狀語。故填showing。10.director【解析】考查名詞。此處指在“the Royal Zoological Society of Scotland”負責管理熊貓的主任。故填director。題組二 體驗真題1.B2.B 【解析】考查現(xiàn)在分詞表伴隨狀況。句意：新建的木屋林立在街道的兩旁，使古鎮(zhèn)變成了一個夢幻之地。turn的邏輯主語是cottages，兩者是主動關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞，表示主動和伴隨，故選B。3.A 【解析】句意：冷風從我們臥室的窗戶吹進來，使得沒有必要開空調(diào)了。前面的事情造成后面的結(jié)果，用現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語，表示順理成章的結(jié)果。不定式也可以作結(jié)果狀語，但是那是預(yù)料不到的結(jié)果。故選A。4.A 【解析】考查非謂語動詞用法。不定式（短語）或動名詞（短語）均可作主語，區(qū)別在于不定式常表示將來，是特指；而動名詞表示一般情況，是泛指。而本句指的是普遍現(xiàn)象，屬泛指，故用動名詞較好。句意：理解你自身的需要及交際風格，同時會表達你的感情和情緒是一樣重要。故A正確。5.C【解析】考查非謂語動詞的用法。動名詞在本句中作主語，此處表示一般情況，用一般式；having known 是完成式，表示動作已經(jīng)完成或先于謂語動詞發(fā)生。句意： 懂得一些基本的急救技巧將有助于你對緊急情況作出快速應(yīng)對。故選C。6.A 14