備戰(zhàn)2020年高考英語 考點一遍過 考點14 動詞的被動語態(tài)（含解析）

考點14 動詞的被動語態(tài)高考頻度： 【命題解讀】動詞的語態(tài)是歷年高考的重點，也是高考的必考點。高考主要以語法填空、短文改錯等形式對被動語態(tài)這一考點進行考查，動詞的語態(tài)在語法填空和短文改錯中是必考點?！久}預(yù)測】預(yù)計2020年高考語態(tài)仍將是高考考查的重點和難點所在，考查形式仍以語法填空和短文改錯題型為主，很可能會與動詞的時態(tài)及其他的語法點結(jié)合起來進行考查?！緩?fù)習(xí)建議】 1. 掌握被動語態(tài)的基本時態(tài)變化； 2. 掌握被動語態(tài)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)形式；3. 掌握不能用被動語態(tài)的幾種情況；4. 掌握主動形式表示被動意義的情況。知識網(wǎng)絡(luò)序號常用被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成序號常用被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成1一般現(xiàn)在時am/is/are asked6過去進行時was/were being asked2一般過去時was/were asked7現(xiàn)在完成時have/has been asked3一般將來時shall/will be asked8過去完成時had been asked4過去將來時should/would be asked9將來完成時will/would have been asked5現(xiàn)在進行時am/is/are being asked10含有情態(tài)動詞的can/must/may be asked注意事項被動語態(tài)的否定式是在第一個助動詞或情態(tài)動詞后加not，短語動詞的被動態(tài)不可漏掉其中介副詞。固定結(jié)構(gòu)be going to, used to, have to, had better變?yōu)楸粍討B(tài)時，只需將其后的動詞變?yōu)楸粍討B(tài)。 如：Trees should not be planted in summer. 夏天不應(yīng)該種樹。The boy was made fun of by his classmates. 這個男孩被他的同學(xué)取笑。Newspapers used to be sent here by the little girl. 報紙過去常被小女孩送到這里。漢語有一類句子不出現(xiàn)主語，在英語中一般可用被動結(jié)構(gòu)表示。如：It is believed that            It is generally considered that           It is said thatIt is well known that         It must be pointed out that              It is supposed thatIt is reported that            It must be admitted that                It is hoped that下面主動形式常表示被動意義：如：The window wants/needs/requires repairing.          The book is worth reading twice.The door wont shut. / The play wont act.            The clothes washes well. / The book sells well.The dish tastes delicious. / Water feels very cold.下面詞或短語沒有被動態(tài)：leave, enter, reach, become, benefit, cost, equal, contain, last, lack, fit, fail, have, appear, happen, occur, belong to, take place, break out, come about, agree with, keep up with, consist of, have on, lose heart等等考向一 被動語態(tài)的基本時態(tài)變化 被動語態(tài)通常為十種時態(tài)的被動形式，被動語態(tài)由be過去分詞構(gòu)成，be隨時態(tài)的變化而變化。以do為例，各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)形式為：時時體現(xiàn)在過去將來過去將來一般is / am / are donewas / were donewill / shall be donewould / should be done進行is / am / are being donewas / were being done完成have / has been donehad been donewill / shall have been donewould / should have been done被動語態(tài)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)形式（1）帶情態(tài)動詞的被動結(jié)構(gòu)。其形式為：情態(tài)動詞be過去分詞。 The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter. （2）有些動詞可以有兩個賓語，在用于被動結(jié)構(gòu)時，可以把主動結(jié)構(gòu)中的一個賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，另一賓語仍然保留在謂語后面。通常變?yōu)橹髡Z的是間接賓語。 His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改為 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday. （3）當動詞+賓語+賓語補足語結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，將賓語變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)中的主語，其余不動。 Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改為The boy was caught smoking a cigarette. （4）在使役動詞have, make, get以及感官動詞see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作賓語補語時，在主動結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式to要省略，但變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)時，要加to。Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改為A stranger was seen to walk into the building. （5）有些相當于及物動詞的動詞詞組，如動詞介詞，動詞副詞等，也可以用于被動結(jié)構(gòu)，但要把它們看作一個整體，不能分開。其中的介詞或副詞也不能省略。 The meeting is to be put off till Friday. 1.（2019·新課標III卷·語法填空）On the last day of our week-long stay，we _69_(invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars【答案】were invited?！窘馕觥靠疾閯釉~的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。由“on the last day of our week-long stay”可知，句子時態(tài)為一般過去時。根據(jù)句意：我們被邀請去參加一場私人音樂會，所以用被動語態(tài)。主語為we，故填were invited。2.（2019·江蘇卷·單項填空）They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals_ by 2022 for the Beijing Winer Olympics.A. will installB. will have been installedC. are installedD. have been installed【答案】B【解析】考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：他們正努力確保在2022年北京冬奧會之前安裝5G終端。表示在將來某一時間以前已經(jīng)完成或一直持續(xù)的動作，用將來完成時?！?G終端”和“安裝”之間是被動關(guān)系，用被動語態(tài)，故選B。3. （2017·天津卷·單項填空） Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, _ as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.A. regard B. is regarded C. are regarded D. regards【答案】B【解析】句意：現(xiàn)在騎自行車、慢跑和游泳被認為是最全面的鍛煉方式之一。根據(jù)動詞短語regard.as (把看做)和句意確定應(yīng)該用被動語態(tài)，排除A和D；由介詞短語along with連接的三個名詞作主語，謂語動詞應(yīng)該就前一致，即用單數(shù)，排除C。故選B。4.（2017·新課標I卷·語法填空）When fat and salt 64 (remove) from food, the food tastes as if is missing something.【答案】are removed【解析】考查被動語態(tài)。句意：當脂肪和鹽分從食物中被去掉。分析可知fat，salt和move之間是被動關(guān)系，脂肪和鹽分是兩種東西，且是被人們?nèi)サ?，所以用被動語態(tài)。故填are removed。考向二 不能用被動語態(tài)的幾種情況：1.（1）所有的不及物動詞或不及物動詞詞組不能用于被動語態(tài)。（2）表示狀態(tài)的謂語動詞，如：last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit等。（3）表示歸屬的動詞，如have、own、belong to等。（4）表示希望、意圖的動詞，如：wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等。（5）賓語是反身代詞或相互代詞時謂語動詞用主動語態(tài)，不能用被動語態(tài)?？枷蛉?主動形式表被動意義的情況：（1）系動詞沒有被動形式，但有些表示感受、感官的連系動詞feel，sound，taste，book，feel等在主系表結(jié)構(gòu)中常以主動形式表示被動意義。 （2）當cut，sell，read，write，fill，cook，lock，wash，drive，keep等詞帶狀語修飾語時；（3）當break out、take place、shut off、turn off、work out等動詞詞組表示發(fā)生、關(guān)閉、制定等意思時；（4）want，require，need后面的動名詞用主動表示被動含義。（5）be worth doing用主動形式表示被動含義。（6）在be + 形容詞 + to do中，不定式的邏輯賓語是句子的主語，用主動代被動。另外：be to blame(受譴責)，be to rent（出租）也用主動形式表被動。1.（2019年江蘇卷閱讀理解句子）It was beautiful." Naomi said after listening to the recording. “The music was worth _（save）.【答案】savingAs time went on, Einsteins theory _ to be correct.A. provedB. provesC. is provedD. was proved【答案】 A【解析】句意：隨著時間的推移，愛因斯坦的理論證明是正確的。prove證明是，這里用作連系動詞，要用主動形式表被動含義，故選A?！厩蓪W(xué)妙記】主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)記憶口訣一般現(xiàn)、過用be done，be有人稱、時、數(shù)變。完成時態(tài)have done，被動將been加中間。一般將來shall (will) do，被動變do為be done。將來進行無被動，shall (will) be doing?，F(xiàn)在完成進行同，have (has) been doing?，F(xiàn)、過進行be doing，被動be加being done。情、助、有、是妥安排，一律隨新主語變。否定助后加not，疑問一助置主前。主語恰是疑問詞，直陳語序主在前。一般情助加be done，雙賓多將間賓變。復(fù)合賓語賓變主，賓補、主補相應(yīng)變。注釋：be有人稱、時、數(shù)變即be有人稱、時態(tài)和單、復(fù)數(shù)的變化。情助是指情態(tài)動詞和助動詞must，may，can，shall，will等一律隨新主語(多是主動句中的賓語)來變化。疑問一助置主前是說有兩個助動詞的話，應(yīng)把主語放在第一助動詞之后或把第一助動詞置于主語之前。題組一 基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)用被動語態(tài)的形式完成下列句子1. Dont be nervous, and they will tell you where to sit.Dont be nervous, and you _ _ _ where to sit by them.2. People refers to California as the Golden State.California _ _ _ as the Golden State by people.3. In order to stop the air pollution, the government have taken a lot of measures.A lot of measures _ _ _ by the government in order to stop the air pollution.4. We are discussing how to spend the summer holidays now.How to spend the summer holidays _ _ _ now.5. Miss Li can make her class lively and interesting, so her students respect her.Miss Li can make her class lively and interesting, so she _ _ by her students.6. Two whales have _ _ (wash) up on the beach.7. Tom was caught smoking in school, and he _ _ (punish) for it.8. If you leave the club, you _ _ _ _ (not allow) back in.題組二 能力提升I單項填空1.I got caught in the rain on my way home and my new suit_.A. has ruinedB. had ruinedC. had been ruinedD. has been ruined2.Now all the employees except the manager _ to work online at home.A. encouragesB. encourageC.is encouragedD. are encouraged3.He _ everywhere for materials and finally his efforts paid off. The medicine _ to be very effective.A. looked; was provedB. explored; was provedC. sought; has provedD. hunted; was proving4.Whats that noise? Oh, I forget to tell you. The new machine_.A.is testingB. was being testedC.is being testedD. has been tested5.The plan for Xiongan New Area _ officially on April 1,2017.A. announcedB. was announcedC. announcesD.is announced6.Ann _ a certificate at the end of the program to show she has learned computer skills.A. will giveB. will be givenC. gaveD. was given7.Martin Luther King demanded that people of all races _.A. were equally treatedB. should treat equallyC.be equally treatedD. are giving equal rights8.Different types of teas _ by skilled tea-tasters before appearing in the Tea Trade Centre.A. are tastedB. were tastedC. tastedD. have tasted9.Do you think he can win the prize for the race?Impossible now. He _ to do so, but he has just had his right leg hurt.A. has expectedB.is expectedC. would expectD. was expected10.Today, the forests have almost gone. People must _down too many trees.A. stop to cutB. stop from cuttingC.be stopped to cutD.be stopped from cuttingII語法填空閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。China has once again proved its _1_ (able) to change the world with the“new four great inventions”：high-speed railways，electronic payments，shared bicycles and online shoppingTheyre related to Chinas high-tech innovation(創(chuàng)新)，_2_ has improved the quality of peoples lives，according to a survey _3_ (make) by the Belt and Road Research Institute of Beijing Foreign Studies University“My wallet is no longer in useI can buy and eat whatever I want simply with a fingertip on my phone，”said _4_ university student，adding that “even pancake sellers are using mobile payment”The bikes _5_ (them)are not new，but the operating model of bike-sharing _6_(base) on satellite navigation system，mobile payment，big data and other high technologiesChina has entered a new innovative era，thanks to the large amounts of capital China has invested in _7_ (encourage)innovation，said Bernhard Schwartlander，WHO Representative in China_8_ is increasingly clear that China is innovating and no longer copying Western ideasThis is _9_ (especial)true in mobile，where China is leading in many ways such associal messaging app WeChat，she saidThis is partly because China skipped over the PC era and went directly to mobileChina has the _10_ (1arge)mobile use in the world 題組三 體驗真題1.（2019·天津卷·單項填空）Amy, as well as her brothers, _ a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.A. is givenB. are givenC. was givenD. were given2.（2018·江蘇卷單項填空） I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan _ in the past two years.A. had been carried out B. would be carried outC. is being carried out D. has been carried out3. （2017·新課標II卷·語法填空）Steam engines _65_(use) to pull the carriages and it must have been（fairly） (fair)unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.4. （2017·新課標III卷·語法填空）Sarah 63 (tell) that she could be Britains new supermodel earning a million dollars in the next year.5.（2016·北京卷單項填空）The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts _ with success in the end.A. rewardedB. were rewardedC. will rewardD. will be rewarded6.（2016·江蘇卷單項填空）More efforts, as reported, _ in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural reform.A.are madeB.will be madeC.are being madeD.have been made7.（2016·全國新課標卷I語法填空）So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research, I 62 （allow）to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre.8.（2016·上海卷語法填空）In recent years, stress (33) _ (regard) as a cause of a whole range of medical problems, from high blood pressure to mental illness.9.（2016·四川卷語法填空）The giant panda 41 (love) by people throughout the world.10. （2017·北京卷·單項填空）In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home, and wireless phones _ yet. A. havent invented B. havent been invented C. hadnt invented D. hadnt been invented題組一 基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)用被動語態(tài)的形式完成下列句子1.will be told2.is referred to3.have been taken4.is being discussed5.is respected6.been washed7.was punished8.will not be allowed題組二 能力提升I單項填空1.D 【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：我在回家的路上淋了雨，新衣服被毀了。my suit與ruin的關(guān)系是被動關(guān)系，要用被動語態(tài)；從題意可知，我的衣服是過去弄濕了，現(xiàn)在還是濕的，用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)；主語my new suit是第三人稱單數(shù)。故選D。2.D 【解析】考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：目前，除了經(jīng)理外，所有的員工都被鼓勵可以在家里在網(wǎng)上工作。主語是all the employees，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)；與encourage之間是被動關(guān)系。故選D。3.C【解析】考查動詞辨析；時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：他到處尋找材料，最后他的努力得到了回報。這種藥被證明是非常有效的。look是不及物動詞，“看”的也是；explore探索；探測；hunt打獵；搜索。prove在此是系動詞，“證明是；發(fā)現(xiàn)為”的意思，不用于被動，后面跟形容詞或to be結(jié)構(gòu)。故選C。4.C 【解析】考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：這個噪音是什么？我忘記告訴你了。新的洗衣機正在被檢測。根據(jù)問句“Whats that noise?”可知，新的機器正在被檢測。所以，本句要用現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)。故選C。5.B 【解析】考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。主語是The plan for Xiongan New Area，與謂語動詞announce之間是被動關(guān)系，時間狀語是2017年4月1號，所以用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。6.B 【解析】考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：在這個項目結(jié)束的時候，將會給Ann一個證書以表明她已經(jīng)學(xué)會了計算機技能。由句意可知，Ann和give之間是被動關(guān)系，且“給她證書”是這個項目結(jié)束時才會發(fā)生的事，故要用將來時態(tài)。故B選項正確。7.C 【解析】考查虛擬語氣和被動語態(tài)。句意：馬丁路德金要求所有種族的人被平等對待。demand后面的賓語從句用虛擬語氣，謂語用should do，should可以省略，而且people of all races 和treat是被動關(guān)系，故選C。8.A 【解析】考查時態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：在出現(xiàn)在茶葉交易中心之前，不同類型的茶葉被品茶師品嘗。teas和taste是被動關(guān)系，而且這句話表示客觀事實，用一般現(xiàn)在時。故選A。9.D 【解析】考查時態(tài)、語態(tài)。句意：你認為他能在跑步比賽中獲獎嗎？現(xiàn)在幾乎不可能了，他曾有希望獲獎，但是他剛剛弄傷了右腿。He與expect之間是被動關(guān)系，而且這一動作發(fā)生在過去，應(yīng)該用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)，故D項正確。10.D 【解析】考查動詞語態(tài)和動詞的用法。stop sb. from doing sth.是固定用法，意為“阻止某人做某事”；又因主語People和stop之間是動賓關(guān)系，所以此處應(yīng)選D。II語法填空【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。本文主要講了中國正用“新的四大發(fā)明”來改變世界。1. ability【解析】考查名詞。作proved的賓語，用名詞，所以填ability。2. which【解析】考查非限制性定語從句。_2_ has improved the quality of peoples lives，作定語，修飾Chinas high-tech innovation(創(chuàng)新)，且有逗號隔開，所以_2_ has improved the quality of peoples lives，是一個非限制性定語從句，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語，指物，所以用which。3. made 【解析】考查非謂語動詞。make與其邏輯主語a survey之間是被動關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞作定語，填made。4. a【解析】考查冠詞。泛指“一位大學(xué)生”，且university的首字母發(fā)音是輔音，所以填不定冠詞a。5. themselves 【解析】考查反身代詞。句意：自行車它們本身不是新的。表示“它們本身”，所以填themselves。6. is based【解析】考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。表示主語現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)，用一般現(xiàn)在時，且the operating model of bike-sharing與base on之間是被動關(guān)系，用被動語態(tài)，所以填is based。7. encouraging 【解析】考查固定用法。介詞in之后用v-ing形式做賓語，所以填encouraging。8. It【解析】考查形式主語。that China is innovating and no longer copying Western ideas句子真正的主語，這里需要一個形式主語，所以填it。9. especially 【解析】考查副詞。修飾形容詞true用副詞，所以填especially。10. largest【解析】考查最高級。中國在世界上擁有最大的手機使用量。表示“最大的”，用最高級，所以填largest。題組三 體驗真題1.C【解析】本題考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：艾米和他的兄弟們當上周回到村里時，受到了熱烈的歡迎。根據(jù)last week可知應(yīng)用過去時，排除選項A和B。as well as連接并列主語，謂語動詞就前原則。這句話真正的主語是Amy，她受到熱烈歡迎，所以用過去時的被動。故選C。2.A【解析】考查時態(tài)。句意：上個月我被派到村里去看看在過去的兩年里發(fā)展計劃是如何執(zhí)行的。根據(jù)句中時間狀語last month和in the past two years可知用過去完成時。故選A。3. were used 【解析】考查被動語態(tài)，此處表示過去的被動，故填were used。4. was told / has been told 【解析】考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。根據(jù)語境可判斷出謂語動詞應(yīng)該用一般過去時或現(xiàn)在完成時的被動形式，又因主語Sarah是第三人稱單數(shù)，故填was told / has been told。5.D 【解析】題目考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：學(xué)生們一直在刻苦學(xué)習(xí)功課，他們的努力(將來)一定會得到回報。根據(jù)句意可知，回報是將來要發(fā)生的事情，應(yīng)該用將來時；efforts和reward是被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)該使用被動語態(tài)，故選D。6.B 【解析】考查時態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：正如報道的那樣，在未來幾年將做出的努力，以加速供給結(jié)構(gòu)改革的速度。本句的時間狀語“in the years ahead在未來的幾年里”和將來時連用，且efforts與動詞make構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，所以使用被動語態(tài)。所以要使用一般將來時的被動語態(tài)形式，故B正確。7.was allowed 【解析】考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。根據(jù)句意可知，作者是被允許走近這些動物，be allowed to do sth被允許做某事。8.has been regarded 【解析】考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。本句的時間狀語時in recent years（最近幾年來），該時間狀語常和現(xiàn)在完成時連用，且句子的主語stress和動詞regard之間構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，所以要用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)形式has been regarded。9.is loved 【解析】句意：大熊貓被全世界的人喜歡。根據(jù)句意可知用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)，The giant panda是單數(shù)第三人稱形式，故填is loved。10.D【解析】句意：在美國20世紀50年代的時候，大多數(shù)的家庭家里只有一部電話，并且無線電話還根本沒有發(fā)明出來。根據(jù)句意可知用被動語態(tài)，排除A和C，事情發(fā)生在過去，與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)，不用現(xiàn)在完成時，排除B，故選D，過去完成時的被動語態(tài)。14