2020屆高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí) 題型組合練（三十二）新人教版

題型組合練(三十二)閱讀理解書(shū)面表達(dá).閱讀理解閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。A(2019·石家莊高三質(zhì)量檢測(cè))Most dog owners are convinced that their four­legged friends know exactly what they mean when they use certain words like “sit”，“stay” or “treat”However，researchers have always wondered whether dogs really understand human speech or if they rely on other information to get the meaning.For example，does the word “fetch” form a picture of a stick or ball in the dog's mind，or does the dog bring back the object based on the owner's voice or gesture？A new study by scientists at Atlanta's Emory University seems to indicate that “man's best friend” does indeed know what the owner is saying.The researchers began by asking the owners of twelve dogs of various kinds to train their pets to identify two toys of different materials，such as a toy animal and a ball.Once the dogs had mastered the task，they took turns inside a special scanner.The owners then tested their dog's language skill by first calling out the names of the toys they had been trained to recognize and then saying meaningless words such as “bobbu” and “bodmick” while holding up random objects the dogs hadn't seen before.The scans suggested that the parts of the dogs' brains responsible for processing sounds showed different brain patterns when they heard words they were familiar with，compared with the ones they had never heard before.While that was not enough to prove that the dogs were picturing their toys when they heard the word，it did indicate some sort of recognition.The researchers believe this is an important step in understanding how dogs process language.Something even more interesting was that the dog's brains showed a higher level of neural (神經(jīng)的) activity at the sound of unknown words.This is the exact opposite of what happens in human brains，which get more active at the sound of familiar words.The researchers say the dogs may become cheerful at the sound of new words to try to understand them in the hope of delighting their masters.“Dogs want to please their owners，and perhaps also want to receive praise or food，” says Emory neuroscientist Gregory Berns，senior author of the study.However，though your pet may understand human speech，the scientists recommend using visual signals and smell for training.“When people want to teach their dog a trick，they often use spoken commands because that's what we humans prefer，” Prichard says.“From the dog's view，however，a visual command might be more effective，helping the dog learn the trick faster.”1What's the purpose of the new study?ATo convince dog owners to understand their dogs.BTo advise dog owners to treat their dogs kindly.CTo prove dogs follow owners' order by listening.DTo test out how dogs get information from owners.2What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 2?AInform the result of the research.BState the process of the research.CStress the importance of the research.DIntroduce the subjects of the research.3How do human brains and dog brains react to words?AHuman brains become active in unfamiliar words.BDog brains become delighted at unfamiliar words.CHuman brains are not sensitive to familiar words.DDog brains show no response to familiar words.4What do scientists advise the owners to do in dog training?AGive dogs oral commands.BTeach dogs new tricks.CInvolve sight and smell.DEncourage faster learning.體裁：說(shuō)明文題材：人和動(dòng)物主題：狗是如何理解主人的話的【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。一項(xiàng)新的研究表明，狗的確能理解主人說(shuō)的話。1解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段尾句“A new study by scientists at Atlanta's Emory University seems to indicate that man's best frienddoes indeed know what the owner is saying”可知，亞特蘭大的埃默里大學(xué)的科學(xué)家進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)新研究似乎表明，“人類(lèi)最好的朋友”確實(shí)知道主人在說(shuō)什么，并結(jié)合全文可知，該研究的目的是測(cè)試狗是如何理解主人的話的，故D項(xiàng)正確。答案：D2解析：寫(xiě)作意圖題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“The researchers began by asking the owners of twelve dogs of various kinds to train their pets to identify two toys of different materials，such as a toy animal and a ball”并結(jié)合該段內(nèi)容可知，該段主要介紹了進(jìn)行研究的過(guò)程，包括讓不同品種的狗識(shí)別不同材料的玩具等，據(jù)此可知，該段旨在介紹研究過(guò)程，故B項(xiàng)正確。答案：B3解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段前兩句“Something even more interesting.This is the exact opposite of what happens in human brains，which get more active at the sound of familiar words”可知，對(duì)于不熟悉的單詞，狗的大腦呈現(xiàn)出高水平的神經(jīng)活動(dòng)，而人類(lèi)的大腦相反，故B項(xiàng)正確。答案：B4解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)尾段第一句“However，though your pet may understand human speech，the scientists recommend using visual signals and smell for training”可知，盡管狗可能理解人類(lèi)的語(yǔ)言，但科學(xué)家們建議使用視覺(jué)信號(hào)和嗅覺(jué)來(lái)訓(xùn)練它們，故C項(xiàng)正確。答案：CB(2019·石家莊一模)When Gitanjali Rao shared how she likes “finding solutions to real problems”，it was hard to imagine this dynamic girl could settle a problem that had escaped scientists for years.In just three months，Rao came up with a device (裝置) that can replace the costly and lengthy tests currently used to reliably determine lead levels in our fresh water.Inspired by the current litigation(訴訟)in Flint，Michigan，a case of water pollution from 2014 until present，Rao designed a new testing system that resulted in her being named “America's top young scientist” for 2017.Rao had been following the water problem for about two years.She was amazed by the number of people affected by lead pollution in water and wanted to do something to change this.Rao spent months trying to convince local high schools and colleges to give her lab time to continue her experiment.At home，Rao worked on her project in the “science room” she asked her parents to create for her.Rao has created a device that uses three parts：a cartridge，a Bluetooth reader and an app.To put it simply，the cartridge contains carbon nanotubes (納米管)that react to lead.This reaction is then registered by the Bluetooth reader，which sends a signal to a mobile app that can tell you immediately if your water is safe to drink.Rao appropriately named the device Tethys and is hoping to make a little improvement to get the device on the market.While we may not be aware of any lead pollution present in our aging pipelines，lead poisoning can cause delays in physical and mental development.With Rao believing that the “purpose of science is to make a difference”，her incredible invention could make a difference to millions of people in the United States.5What do we know about Rao's device?AIt's cheap and quick.BIt's cheap and inaccurate.CIt's expensive and reliable.DIt's portable and time­consuming.6What made Rao have the idea of designing the device?AHer parents' suggestions.BHer desire for winning the award.CHer interest in settling real problems.DThe water pollution litigation in Flint.7What do the carbon nanotubes function as?ASending immediate signals.BDetecting the presence of lead.CRecording the reaction results.DShowing the water quality results.8What does the author think of Rao's invention?AIt will lead Rao to make a fortune.BIt will help millions of Americans drink safe water.CIt will promote the development of science in America.DIt will soon settle the lead­polluted problem thoroughly.體裁：說(shuō)明文題材：新聞報(bào)道主題：一項(xiàng)檢測(cè)水中鉛含量的新發(fā)明【語(yǔ)篇解讀】該文主要介紹了一個(gè)女孩發(fā)明了一款可以檢測(cè)水中鉛含量的裝置，從而解決了一個(gè)科學(xué)家多年來(lái)忽視的問(wèn)題。5解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“In just three months，Rao came up with a device(裝置)that can replace the costly and lengthy tests currently used to reliably determine lead levels in our fresh water”可推知，與以前又貴又費(fèi)時(shí)的設(shè)備相比，Rao發(fā)明的設(shè)備既便宜又省時(shí)，與第三段最后一句“This reaction is then registered by the Bluetooth reader，which sends a signal to a mobile app that can tell you immediately if your water is safe to drink”相呼應(yīng)，故選A。答案：A6解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“Inspired by the current litigation(訴訟)in Flint，Michigan，a case of water pollution from 2014 until present，Rao designed a new testing system that resulted in her being named America's top young scientist for 2017”可知，Rao設(shè)計(jì)測(cè)試水中鉛含量的裝置的想法是受一個(gè)水污染訴訟的啟發(fā)，故選D。答案：D7解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第二句“To put it simply，the cartridge contains carbon nanotubes(納米管)that react to lead”可推知，這個(gè)碳納米管是可以對(duì)鉛起反應(yīng)的，因此可以檢測(cè)出水中是否含有鉛，故選B。答案：B8解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“While we may not be aware of any lead pollution present in our aging pipelines，lead poisoning can cause delays in physical and mental development” “her incredible invention could make a difference to millions of people in the United States”和對(duì)本段的整體理解可推知，作者認(rèn)為Rao的發(fā)明可以幫助人們快速檢測(cè)出水中是否含有鉛，從而可以大大提高人們飲用水的安全性，意義重大，故選B。 答案：B.書(shū)面表達(dá)(2019·湖南五校高三聯(lián)考)假定你是李華，近期你校要舉行以“古韻展新風(fēng)(Ancient Art and New Stage)”為主題的校運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)開(kāi)幕式，請(qǐng)你寫(xiě)一封電子郵件邀請(qǐng)留學(xué)生朋友Peter來(lái)觀看。要點(diǎn)如下： 1寫(xiě)信目的；2開(kāi)幕式時(shí)間；3特色節(jié)目(太極拳表演等)。注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫?！緦?xiě)作思路】本題要求寫(xiě)一封邀請(qǐng)信，話題為邀請(qǐng)留學(xué)生朋友觀看校運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)開(kāi)幕式。時(shí)態(tài)上，以一般將來(lái)時(shí)為主，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)為輔；結(jié)構(gòu)上，可運(yùn)用三段十句作文法則(即第一段一句或者兩句，告知寫(xiě)信目的或背景；中間段落五句或六句，需緊扣要點(diǎn)拓展細(xì)節(jié)；最后一段一句或者兩句，重申寫(xiě)信目的或附上祝愿的話語(yǔ))。【參考范文】 Dear Peter，Our school sports meet will take place next month.So I'd like to invite you to come and enjoy its opening ceremony with the theme of Ancient Art and New Stage.The opening ceremony is to be held on 15th March.It will be much different from previous ones since it is aimed to promote sportsmanship through traditional Chinese culture.Chosen students dressed in costume will perform Tai Chi，which must be one of the most attractive parts.In addition，traditional Chinese drums will be played.These special performances are sure to impress everyone present.I do hope you'll accept my invitation.Look forward to your early reply.Yours sincerely，Li Hua【名師點(diǎn)評(píng)】本文語(yǔ)言流暢，要點(diǎn)羅列齊全，拓展合情合理，符合題目要求，且能夠熟練地運(yùn)用亮點(diǎn)詞匯和高級(jí)句式，值得我們學(xué)習(xí)。亮點(diǎn)詞匯：take place，with the theme of，previous，promote，be sure to impress等；高級(jí)句式：原因狀語(yǔ)從句(since it is aimed to promote sportsmanship through traditional Chinese culture)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作后置定語(yǔ)(dressed in costume)、非限制性定語(yǔ)從句(which must be one of the most attractive parts)等。7