語法歸納 動(dòng)詞不定式

語法歸納 動(dòng)詞不定式“動(dòng)詞不定式”是一種非限定動(dòng)詞，由不定式符號to加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。它不受主語的人稱和數(shù)的限制.不定式具有動(dòng)詞的特征，它可以有自己的賓語，可以受副詞的修飾.同時(shí)也具有名詞.形容詞和副詞的特征。它可以作主語,賓語,表語,定語,狀語。不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài) 不定式有一般式.進(jìn)行式.完成式和完成進(jìn)行式；有主動(dòng)式，也有被動(dòng)式。 以動(dòng)詞do為例主動(dòng)形式被動(dòng)形式一般式to doto be done完成式to have doneto have been done 進(jìn)行式to be doing -完成進(jìn)行式to have been doing - 不定式的句法功能 不定式在句子中可以作主語.賓語.賓補(bǔ).表語.定語和狀語：1.不定式作主語 To learn a foreign language is not easy. 學(xué)外語不容易。 Is it necessary to complete the design before National Day? (it 為形式主語 )有必要在國慶節(jié)之前完成這個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)嗎？如果要說明不定式表示的動(dòng)作是誰做的,可以在不定式前加for引起的短語,即for +名詞/代詞賓格+不定式。It is good for us to take part in physical labour 參加體力勞動(dòng)對我們有益某些表示人的品行的形容詞(如kind, good, nice, wrong, careless, wise, foolish, polite, clever, right,unwise, stupid, thoughtful, rude, silly, impolite等)作表語時(shí)不定式前常可用of引起的短語,既be+形容詞+of+ 名詞/代詞的賓格+不定式.It is stupid of her to make such a mistake. 她真蠢,犯這樣的錯(cuò)誤2. 不定式作賓語 I forgot to turn the oven on. 我忘記打開爐子。能直接跟不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞很多,常見的有:want,like,wish,hate,hope,prefer,continue,manage,try,ask,offer,start,forget,remember,begin,decide,agree,choose,learn,pretend,promise,mean,expect,desire等3.不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語 不定式可以和名稱或代詞構(gòu)成復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),作動(dòng)詞的賓語,不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語We advised him to have a good rest 常帶不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞有 ask, tell, invite, force,advise,get,beg,allow,help,want,wish,like,order,expect,prefer,encourage,hate,warn,permit等.但在make, let, have, see, hear, watch, notice, feel, observe, listen to, look at 等動(dòng)詞后的復(fù)合賓語中,不定式不帶to. 在help后不定式可以帶to,也可以不帶toThe boss made the workers work day and night.老板迫使工人們?nèi)找垢苫頦ill you help me (to) plant this tree, please? 請您幫我種這棵樹好嗎？ 4. 不定式作定語 He has a lot of questions to ask. 他有許多問題要問。不定式作定語時(shí),須放在被修飾的名詞或代詞之后.不定式常和它修飾的詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系.如果這個(gè)不定式是不及物的,它后面應(yīng)有必要的介詞I use a pen to write with. 5. 不定式作表語 Disneys greatest wish was to be a famous artist. 迪斯尼最大的愿望就是成為一個(gè)著名的藝術(shù)家。 6.不定式作狀語 不定式作狀語可以修飾動(dòng)詞,表示目的,結(jié)果,或原因To catch the first bus, I have to get up early. (目的)She went aboard never to return. (結(jié)果)I was surprised to see him there.(原因)不定式的否定形式否定式的否定形式是在不定式符號to前加not 構(gòu)成He decided not to go home.疑問詞+不定式結(jié)構(gòu)疑問詞who, which, what, when, where, how, whether等后接不定式,構(gòu)成不定式短語,在句中作主語.表語.賓語等。When to start has not been decided.（主語）I dont know what to choose.（賓語）The question is how to put the plan into practice.（表語）動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)的用法（1）一般式：不定式的一般式所表示的動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之后，I'm glad to meet you.       We plan to pay a visit.       He wants to be an artist（2）進(jìn)行式：不定式的進(jìn)行式所表示的動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，例如：       The boy pretended to be working hard.       He seems to be reading in his room.（3）完成式：不定式的完成式表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之前，例如：       I regretted to have told a lie.       I happened to have seen the film.       He is pleased to have met his friend.動(dòng)詞不定式的語態(tài)的用法當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語是不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí),不定式一般要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)The patient asked to be operated on at once.The teacher ordered the work to be done.The books and magazines are not allowed to be taken out of the reading room.如果不定式表示的是一個(gè)比謂語動(dòng)作發(fā)生得更早的動(dòng)作,這時(shí)不定式可用完成式的被動(dòng)式 I thought it an honour to have been invited to the party. The novel is said to have been translated into seven languages.動(dòng)詞不定式省略to的情況1. 在助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面 May I ask you a question? 我可以問你一個(gè)問題嗎?2. 在 make, let, see, watch, hear, notice, feel, have, listen to , look at等動(dòng)詞后(作賓語補(bǔ)足語) Let me hear you play the piano. 讓我聽你演奏鋼琴吧。3. 在why引起的某些問句中 Why turn off the gas? 為什么不再試一下？4. 在had better, would rather, would ratherthan, would sooner, would soonerthan, cannot but, do nothing but 等結(jié)構(gòu)后面 He cant but agree (他不得不同意) He would rather /sooner die than surrender(他寧死不屈) My mother could do nothing but wait for the doctor to arrive (我媽媽沒辦法,只好等醫(yī)生來)5. 在 “Will you please + 動(dòng)詞不定式” 一類表示邀請或命令的句型中 Will you please bring me some chicken? 請給我?guī)c(diǎn)雞肉來好嗎?6. 在 “Why” 或 “Why not” 一類表示建議的句型中 Why not join us? (= Why wont you join us?) 為什么不加入到我們中來嗎?7. 在介詞except, but之后,如果其前有動(dòng)詞do的某種形式,不定式一般不帶to,反之則帶to There is nothing to do except wait till it stops raining (沒辦法,只好等雨停了) There is no choice but to wait till it stops raining (沒辦法,只好等雨停了)8. 當(dāng)作賓語的不定式再次出現(xiàn)時(shí),為了避免重復(fù),不定式往往省略,只保留不定式符號to.常出現(xiàn)在下列動(dòng)詞后:want, wish, like, love, hope, plan, try ,hate 等 You dont have to eat if you dont want to.如果你不想吃,就不必吃了 -Have you listened to the music? 你聽了那首曲子了嗎? -No, but I plan to 沒有,但我打算聽語法鞏固1.句型轉(zhuǎn)換1. It is impossible that a child can lift such a heavy box.It is impossible _such a heavy box.2. It happened that you had known each other before.You happened _each other before.3. The progress which will be made soon is of great importance.The progress _ is of great importance.4. The boss made the workers work all night.The workers were _all night.5. When we should hold the meeting is still to be discussed.When _ the meeting is still to be discussed.6. It seemed they were writing something for somebody.They seemed _something for somebody.7. I find that it is difficult to speak English well. I find _to speak English well.8. Jane doesnt know how she can improve her Chinese. Jane doesnt know_ improve her Chinese.9. The girl got up earlier so that she might not be late again. The girl got up earlier_ be late again.10. We found the lesson was difficult to understand. We found the lesson _.2.單項(xiàng)選擇1. Im going to the supermarket this afternoon. Do you have anything_? A. to be buying B. to buy C. for buying D. bought2. She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role_ in making the earth a better place to live. A. to have played B. to play C. to be played D .to be playing3. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple , but it remains _whether they will enjoy it. A to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen4. It is said that in Australia there is more land than the government knows_. A. it what to do with B. what to do it with C. what to do with it D. to do what with it5. - How do deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers? -The key _the problem is to meet the demand_ by the customers. A. to solving; making B. to solving; made C to solve; making D. to solve ; made6. In order to gain a bigger share in the international market , many state-run companies are striving _ their product more competitive.A. to make B. making C. to have made D. having made7. In some parts of London, missing a bus means _ for another hour.A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. to be waiting8. In order to make our city green, _.A. it is necessary to have planted more tree B. many more trees need to plantC. our city needs more tree D. we must plant more trees9. With a lot of difficult problems _,the newly-elected president is having a hard time. A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled 10. _ you the truth, I didnt want to tell you about it. A. To tell B. Telling C. To be told D. Told11. Let your mother know all the truth. She appears _ everything. A. to tell B. to be told C. to be telling D. to have been told12._late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm. A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having13. In order to improve English, _. A. Jennys father bought her a lot of tapes B. Jenny bought a lot of tapes for herself C. a lot of tapes were bought by Jenny D. a lot of tapes were bought by Jennys father14. Robert is said _ abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in. A. to have studied B to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying15. Her mother told her not to _, _ would be bad for her health.A. keep up; what B. keep up; which C. stay up; which D. stay up; what語法鞏固1.句型轉(zhuǎn)換1. for a child to lift2. to have known3. to be made 4.made to work 5. to hold6. to be writing 7. it difficult 8.how to 9. so as not to /in order not to 10 difficult to understand2.單項(xiàng)選擇1. B 不定式 to buy 作anything 的定語,表示要買的東西2. B play a role in 在某方面起作用 to play 作定語3. B it 是形式主語, remain 后接to do sth. 作表語 see與主語從句是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,要用不定式被動(dòng)式4. C knows 后接疑問詞+動(dòng)詞不定式 do with固定搭配 it 作賓語5. B to為介詞后接動(dòng)名詞,過去分詞短語made by the customs 作demand的定語6. A 動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語.表示努力的目的7. A mean doing 意味著什么 mean to do打算做什么8. D in order to make our city green 是目的狀語,邏輯主語是we9. C 新任總統(tǒng)現(xiàn)在和將來都有難題要解決10. A to tell the truth 說實(shí)話11. D tell 是及物動(dòng)詞,要用被動(dòng)式,知道一切事情發(fā)生在告訴真相之前,要用不定式完成式12. A 目的狀語13. B in order to improve English 作目的狀語.它的邏輯主語要和句子主語Jenny一致 14. A 不定式完成式表示過去發(fā)生的事, Robert過去曾在某個(gè)國家學(xué)習(xí)過15. C stay up 熬夜, which 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句6用心 愛心 專心