江蘇省2019高考英語(yǔ) 第二部分 語(yǔ)法核心突破 第十三課時(shí) 構(gòu)詞法練習(xí)（含解析）

第十三課時(shí)　構(gòu)詞法李仕才[感 悟 高 考]1.They gave money to the old people’s home either________or through their companies.(2015·安徽卷)A.legally B.sincerelyC.personally D.deliberately答案　C　[句意：他們或者親自或者通過(guò)他們的公司給敬老院送錢(qián)legally合法地，法律上；sincerely真誠(chéng)地，由衷地，誠(chéng)懇地；personally親自，當(dāng)面，個(gè)別地，就自己而言；deliberately故意地，謹(jǐn)慎地，慎重地根據(jù)or through their companies可知personally為正確答案]2.The girl used to be shy，but is ________ getting active in group work and is more willing to express herself.(2015·湖北卷)A.gradually B.usuallyC.previously D.merely答案　A　[句意：這個(gè)女孩以前很害羞，但是正(逐漸地)在小組活動(dòng)中變得積極起來(lái)，而且更愿意表達(dá)自己了。

根據(jù)題干中的is和getting可知，這里表示循序漸進(jìn)的過(guò)程，故選gradually(逐漸地)usually通常；previously先前地；merely僅僅][要 點(diǎn) 精 析]一、派生法1. 表示否定或相反意義的前綴和后綴前綴例詞dis-advantage→disadvantage缺點(diǎn)comfort→discomfort不舒適il-legal→illegal不合法的logical→illogical不合邏輯的im-patient→impatient不耐煩的moral→immoral不道德的in-formal→informal非正式的convenient→inconvenient不方便的ir-regular→irregular不規(guī)則的responsible→irresponsible不負(fù)責(zé)任的mis-lead→mislead誤導(dǎo)understand→misunderstand誤解un-willing→unwilling不愿意的happy→unhappy不高興的后綴例詞-lesshope→hopeless絕望的care→careless粗心的2. 變動(dòng)詞的前綴和后綴前綴例詞en-large→enlarge擴(kuò)大rich→enrich使充實(shí)；使豐富后綴例詞-enbroad→broaden使變寬hard→harden使變硬-ifyclass→classify把……分類(lèi)beauty→beautify美化-izeapology→apologize道歉emphasis→emphasize強(qiáng)調(diào)3.形容詞變副詞的后綴在形容詞后加-ly可變成相應(yīng)意義的副詞直接加-lyextreme→extremely尤其，非常stupid→stupidly 傻地改y為-ilyhappy→happily快樂(lè)地merry→merrily 快樂(lè)地去e加-lytrue→truly真實(shí)地4.形容詞變名詞的后綴后綴例詞-ageshort→shortage不足；短缺-cyefficient→efficiency效率；功效accurate→accuracy準(zhǔn)確性-domfree→freedom自由；自主wise→wisdom明智；智慧-encedifferent→difference差異silent→silence沉默-nessweak→weakness虛弱；弱點(diǎn)careless→carelessness粗心大意-thstrong→strength力氣；強(qiáng)項(xiàng)wide→width寬度-ycruel→cruelty殘忍-tydisable→disability無(wú)能；殘疾-ityresponsible→responsibility責(zé)任5. 動(dòng)詞變名詞的后綴后綴例詞-alapprove→approval贊成；批準(zhǔn)arrive→arrival到來(lái)-anceappear→appearance出現(xiàn)；外貌perform→performance表演；節(jié)目-enceexist→existence存在；生存refer→reference參考；查閱-ionconstruct→construction建設(shè)evaluate→evaluation評(píng)估-ationconsider→consideration考慮imagine→imagination想象力-(s)siondiscuss→discussion討論；辯論admit→admission接納；準(zhǔn)許入學(xué)-inghear→hearing聽(tīng)力；聽(tīng)覺(jué)begin→beginning開(kāi)始-mentargue→argument辯論；論據(jù)equip→equipment設(shè)備-urefail→failure失??；沒(méi)做到press→pressure壓力-turemix→mixture混合；混合物depart→departure離開(kāi)；出發(fā)-yrecover→recovery恢復(fù)；痊愈discover→discovery發(fā)現(xiàn)其他vary→variety多樣化；種類(lèi)tend→tendency趨向；趨勢(shì)6. 表示“人”的后綴在某些形容詞、名詞或動(dòng)詞后面加后綴變成具有某種職業(yè)或動(dòng)作的人。

后綴例詞-rvillage→villager村民strange→stranger陌生人-arlie→liar說(shuō)謊者-eeemploy→employee受雇者；雇員interview→interviewee被面試者-orinvent→inventor發(fā)明家educate→educator教育家；教師-esssteward→stewardess 女乘務(wù)員host→hostess 女主人；女主持人-eseChina→Chinese中國(guó)人Japan→Japanese日本人-anAmerica→American美國(guó)人Australia→Australian澳洲人-ianhistory→historian歷史學(xué)家politics→politician政治家；政客-istspecial→specialist專(zhuān)家tour→tourist旅行者；觀光者-antparticipate→participant參加者assist→assistant助手；圖書(shū)管理員7. 動(dòng)詞、名詞變形容詞的常見(jiàn)后綴后綴例詞-ableaccept→acceptable可接受的comfort→comfortable舒適的-alperson→personal個(gè)人的；私人的nature→natural自然的；天生的-fulhope→hopeful有希望的peace→peaceful和平的-edconfuse→confused感到困惑的bore→bored感到厭倦的-ingsurprise→surprising令人驚訝的convince→convincing令人信服的-ibleaccess→accessible容易到達(dá)的；容易取得的horror→horrible可怕的；恐怖的-iveeffect→effective有效的；生效的instruct→instructive有教育意義的-ousanxiety→anxious憂慮的curiosity→curious好奇的-sometire→tiresome令人厭倦的trouble→troublesome麻煩的-ytaste→tasty美味的；可口的wealth→wealthy富裕的；豐富的dirt→dirty有灰塵的；臟的-erneast→eastern東方的；向東的west→western西方的；向西的-ishfool→foolish愚蠢的；可笑的self→selfish自私的-icscience→scientific科學(xué)的history→historic歷史上著名的-aryimagine→imaginary想象中的二、轉(zhuǎn)化法不改變?cè)~形，把一個(gè)詞由一種詞類(lèi)轉(zhuǎn)用為另一種詞類(lèi)的方法叫轉(zhuǎn)化法。

動(dòng)詞→名詞walk→take a walk散步swim→have a swim游泳名詞?動(dòng)詞book n.?v.預(yù)訂milk n.?v.擠奶形容詞?動(dòng)詞slow adj.?v.減慢narrow adj.?v.使變窄；(差距等)縮小形容詞?副詞hard adj.困難的?adv.努力地high adj.高的?adv.高deep adj.深的?adv.深wide adj.寬的?adv.廣闊地[針 對(duì) 訓(xùn) 練]用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.CHRONOLOGICA is an informative(inform)and entertaining(entertain)tour into history，beautifully(beauty) illustrated and full of unbelievable(believe) facts.(2017·江蘇卷· 閱讀A)2.The second principle is to loosen(loose)the control that providers of on-line services have over data and give more to those who supply them.(2017·江蘇卷·閱讀C)3.While clean energy is increasingly(increase) used in our daily life, global warming will continue for some decades after CO2 emissions(排放)peak. (2017·江蘇卷·閱讀D)4.Increasing Earth’s reflectiveness(reflect)can cool the planet.(2017·江蘇卷·閱讀D)5.But during the past decade declining rainfull has allowed him to plant highly profitable(profit) crops. (2017·江蘇卷·閱讀D)6.People certainly have a variety of reasons for going back to school but one important thing to know is，no knowledge is useless (use).7.Curiously (curious)，I gave him my full attention.8.However，Mare Van Rijsselberg，a farmer in the Netherlands is now using a mixture (mix) of sea and fresh water to grow healthy and tasty vegetables.9.But such a small thing couldn’t possibly (possible) destroy a village.10.Just imagine how terribly shy I was the moment I thought of that with so many eyes fixed upon me.I had no other choice (choose)，though.11.That little act of kindness (kind) made everyone who saw it feel good—but it made me feel the best of all!12.He sank into depression (depress) when both his parents left him and went to the south in search of a better-paid job.13.Several days later，out of my expectation (expect)，I saw it quietly stand in a corner of the house where I worked.I was extremely glad to regain it.14.As far as I am concerned，my suggestion (suggest) is that we should always have a notebook and a Chinese-English dictionary within easy reach.15.In addition，there were no claims against the loss (lose) of 50 coins and I order the girl and his father to take those 50 coins as appreciation for their honesty! 7。