河北省撫寧縣第六中學(xué)2013-2014學(xué)年高二英語 名詞學(xué)案3
名詞考點一:名詞的數(shù)一、規(guī)則變化 情況構(gòu)成方法例詞一般情況下加-smap-maps bag-bagsphotophotos radio-radios以s, x, sh, ch,結(jié)尾的詞加 -esbus-buses watch-watches注意:stomach-stomachs 以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的詞變y 為i再加esbaby-babies 注意:1.將 f,fe變v加es的詞賊的妻子一生中用刀和樹葉把狼砍成兩半掛在書架上thief, wife, life, knife, leaf, wolf, half, shelf2.以o結(jié)尾加es的詞:士兵愛吃土豆和西紅柿hero-heroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes3.有些名詞通常只用作復(fù)數(shù)trousers(褲子), glasses (眼鏡),belongings(所有物), congratulations(祝賀),have words with sb(與某人吵架), give ones regards to(向某人問候),in rags(衣衫破爛), wages(工資),surroundings(環(huán)境), sports(運動會),goods(貨物)clothes(衣服), scenery4.下列名詞是常見的不可數(shù)名詞:fun, weather, advice, information, health, progress, wealth, practice, news, homework, housework, bread, luck二、不規(guī)則變化1.改變名詞中所含的元音字母:footfeet, goosegeese, toothteeth, manmen, womanwomen, mousemice;2.詞尾加-en,-renchildchildren, ox-oxen(牛,公牛)3.單復(fù)數(shù)同形:sheep, deer, fish, means(方法), aircraft(飛機), series, species(種類), works(工廠)4.表“某國人”的名詞,其復(fù)數(shù)變化有三種情況(1)單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同a Chinese- ten Chinese ;a Japanese- five Japanese (2)變詞尾的man,womanFrenchman-Frenchmen, Englishman-Englishmen, Dutchman-Dutchmen,Englishwoman-Englishwomen(3)詞尾加-sGerman-Germans, Russian-Russians, American-Americans5.集體名詞的數(shù)(1)有些集體名詞以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn),但實為復(fù)數(shù)。如:people,police,cattle,不能說 a people,a police,a cattle,但可以說a person,a policeman,a head of cattle,2 head of cattle;(2) the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese,the Swiss 等名詞,表示國民總稱時,作復(fù)數(shù)用。 (3)有些集體名詞只用作單數(shù)luggage,baggage,equipment,clothing,poetry,machinery,furniture,mankind,jewellery(4)有些集體名詞既可用作單數(shù),又可用作復(fù)數(shù)。單數(shù)看作整體,復(fù)數(shù)看作集體的各個成員。family, class, team, group, public, crowd, government, company, club, party, population, couple等。eg: Our class is made up of 60 students. Our class are excited hearing the news.6.漢語音譯詞無復(fù)數(shù)yuan, jiao, fen, jin, liang, mu eg: one yuan two yuan7.專有名詞,直接加s變復(fù)數(shù): 如:two Marys the Henrys三、合成詞的復(fù)數(shù)1.有主體名詞的將主體名詞變復(fù)數(shù)mothers-in-law(岳母), editors-in-chief(主編), lookers-on(旁觀者),passers-by(過路人)2.無主體名詞構(gòu)成的合成詞,在詞尾加-s eg: grown-ups 3.某些由man,woman構(gòu)成的合成詞,兩部分都要變作復(fù)數(shù):a man studentmen studentsa woman doctorwomen doctors2