2020版高考英語大一輪復(fù)習(xí) 課時達(dá)標(biāo)25 Unit 5 First aid（含解析）新人教版必修5

課時達(dá)標(biāo)(二十五) Unit 5 First aid 建議時間/100分鐘 (見學(xué)用課時P57) 閱讀提速練 Ⅰ 閱讀理解 A 課標(biāo)話題 人與社會·科技發(fā)展與信息技術(shù)創(chuàng)新 體裁 應(yīng)用文 詞　　數(shù) 257 難度 Notice: Medical Alert(警報(bào)) Dear Readers， Medical related emergencies are on the rise with more old people living alone. More seniors are looking for an independent lifestyle and better quality of life. More than 1 in 3 people over the age of 64 will fall this year. Nearly half will not be able to get up without support. Medical fees can increase when a person is not given timely support. You can prevent a medical disaster with our 24­hour emergency response system. Our solution is highly suggested by doctors, healthcare professionals and hospitals. We are offering a FREE Medical Alert System to seniors or their loved ones who call now. For a limited time, there will be no set­up fees and the medical monitoring starts at less than $1 a day. The system is easy to use. The necklace pendant(飾墜) can travel with you. Our new system can detect falls automatically. Call Toll­Free 1­800­360­0405 and gain peace of mind. There's no long­term contract. Our medical alert professionals can walk you through everything over the phone. The first 100 callers to order will receive： ※The Free Medical Alert System ($300 value)． ※24 Hours a Day/7 Days a Week LIVE Monitoring and Support. ※The Free Necklace Pendant. ※No long­term Contract. ※Free shipping (Mention Reader's Digest)． Don't wait until after a fall to give us a call. Take advantage of this special offer now to protect yourself or a loved one. Call now Toll­Free 1­800­231­0167 and mention Reader's Digest. Sincerely， Jim Nelson 語篇導(dǎo)讀　本文介紹了一款可預(yù)警獨(dú)居老人摔倒的醫(yī)療警報(bào)系統(tǒng)。 1．Why are there an increasing number of medical related emergencies? A．Old people's quality of life is down at present. B．The old are not paying attention to their health. C．The overall health of the old is worse than before. D．Many old people have no one to keep them company. 解析 D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一句可知，獨(dú)居老人的增多使得與醫(yī)療相關(guān)的緊急情況增多，即老人缺少陪伴者是這種現(xiàn)象的原因，故選D項(xiàng)。 2．What's the main advantage of the system mentioned in the text? A．Preventing falls. B．Serving as an alarm. C．Replacing doctors. D．Improving health and mind. 解析 B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段和第三段最后一句可知，這種系統(tǒng)可以自動探測到老人摔倒，主要起警報(bào)作用，故選B項(xiàng)。 3．What benefit can the first 100 callers to order get? A．Buy the system at $300. B．Get a copy of Reader's Digest. C．Have a pendant at a discount. D．Get all­day monitoring and help. 解析 D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。 根據(jù)文章中前100名打電話購買者可得到的好處中的第二條可知，他們可以得到全天候的監(jiān)控和幫助，故選D項(xiàng)。 B 課標(biāo)話題 人與自然·自然環(huán)境保護(hù) 體裁 說明文 詞　　數(shù) 340 難度 (2019·福建三明統(tǒng)測)From the loss of wildlife to rising sea levels, we're all well aware of the problems that climate change could cause. But while it may seem like such issues won't affect most of us directly, it looks like future generations could grow up without something that many of us now take for granted: chocolate. According to an essay published by the U．S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, changes to the climate in the regions that produce cacao—the plant from which chocolate is produced—may mean that it will soon become extinct. Most of the world's cacao grows in countries close to the equator, with over half of it growing in the African nations of Ghana and Ivory Coast. It's predicted that by 2050, climate change will have accelerated the rate at which temperatures in these countries rise, making it extremely difficult for cacao to grow there. The problem doesn't lie in increased heat, however，but in lower humidity(濕度), as it's believed that rainfall will stay at the same level if the temperature rises. “In other words, as higher temperatures squeeze more water out of soil and plants，it's unlikely that rainfall will increase enough to offset the moisture(水分) loss，” Michon Scott, the essay's author, wrote. To help fight this problem，researchers from UC Berkeley in the U．S. are working on changing the DNA of cacao plants to allow them to survive in dryer conditions by using gene editing technology, according to U．S. News. In the meantime, the U．S. company Mars, one of the world's biggest manufacturers of chocolate products, announced in January that it would spend $1 billion to help reduce the effects of climate change. “This is a world issue, and it requires everyone to work together，” Mars spokesperson Barry Parkin told Business Insider. The message here is that if we all do our part, we may be able to prevent some of the worst impacts of climate change. Or if we're unlucky, chocolate will become a thing of the past. 語篇導(dǎo)讀　由于氣候變化，為巧克力提供原料的可可樹未來可能會滅絕，這可能將導(dǎo)致巧克力成為歷史。各方正在努力采取措施，試圖拯救可可樹。 4．What could make it hard for cacao plants to survive around the equator in the future? A．The increased heat there. B．The higher humidity there. C．The decrease in rainfall there. D．The moisture loss in the soil and plants there. 解析 D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句和第四段可知，赤道附近的可可樹未來很難存活的原因在于氣溫的升高導(dǎo)致土壤和植物中的水分流失，故選D項(xiàng)。 5.What does the underlined word “offset” in the fourth paragraph mean? A．Hold back. B．Make up for. C．Protect. D．Accept. 解析 B　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞所在句中的In other words可知，本句是對第三段最后一句的解釋說明，應(yīng)與其含義相近。由此可知，此處應(yīng)表示，高溫帶走了土壤和植物中更多的水分，而降雨量不太可能增加到足以彌補(bǔ)流失的水分，據(jù)此可推斷，offset意為“彌補(bǔ)”，故選B項(xiàng)。 6．What will the U．S. company Mars do to help cacao survive? A．It will work hard to plant cacao in greenhouses. B．It will apply gene editing technology in planting cacao. C．It will give financial support to help fight climate change. D．It will develop cacao that can survive in dryer conditions. 解析 C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段最后一句可知，美國Mars公司將為減輕氣候變化帶來的影響投入10億美元，即為應(yīng)對氣候變化提供資金援助，故選C項(xiàng)。 7．What may be the best title of this text? A．Chocolate Could Become History B．Work Together to Fight Climate Change C．How Do We Grow Cacao in the Future? D．How Do Cacao Plants Affect Climate Change? 解析 A　主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是根據(jù)第一段最后一句可知，巧克力可能會成為歷史，故選A項(xiàng)。 C 課標(biāo)話題 人與社會·社會熱點(diǎn)問題 體裁 議論文 詞　　數(shù) 327 難度 The 45­year­old was walking off Boston's Orange Line train at Massachusetts Avenue around 5：30 p．m. on Friday when she lost her footing and threw herself down the gap, giving her a deep cut that went right down to the bone. Her fellow passengers helped push the train to the side and free her, but even as she thanked them, shaking and weeping for the pain, she begged them not to call an ambulance because it cost too much. “Do you know how much an ambulance costs？” she said. “It's $3,000. I can't afford that.” The woman's heartbreaking requests have caused again the debate over health care in the U．S., with many describing it as “barbaric” that someone should be forced to choose between life and debt. “It is absolutely shameful that someone has to worry about the cost of an ambulance in a situation like that. My thoughts are with her，” said the Twitter user Yalina. Another wrote：“We need universal health care badly. An accident shouldn't force you to choose between a heavy debt and permanent injury/death.” Actually, Americans spend more money on health care than any other people, and health care spending rocketed by $900 billion between 1996 and 2013. By 2013, total health care spending hit $2.1 trillion. The researchers say that figure has now likely risen to more than $3.2 trillion, which equals 18 percent of the country's economy. But while the spending increased, American's life expectancy has remained short—with an average of 79 years old, compared to the global average of 83 years old. The tweet(推特) that started the debate came from The Boston Globe reporter Maria Cramer who was on the platform when the woman got her leg trapped. The tweet has been shared and liked tens of thousands of times. Meanwhile, the victim who has not been named, was eventually taken to the Boston Medical Center, where she would need surgery. 語篇導(dǎo)讀　一位女士即使身受重傷也不愿意叫救護(hù)車的事件再次引發(fā)了美國民眾對政府醫(yī)療服務(wù)的熱議。 8．Which of the following best explains “barbaric” underlined in Paragraph 2? A．Cruel. B．Painful. C．Unwise. D．Heartbreaking. 解析 A　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞下文可知，有人不得不在生命和債務(wù)之間作出選擇，這是殘忍的事，故選A項(xiàng)。 9．According to Paragraph 3, what is debated hotly? A．Concerns over the accident. B．Inappropriate behavior in the media. C．Dissatisfaction with U．S. health care. D．Anger at the poor ambulance service. 解析 C　推理判斷題。第三段描述了美國民眾在媒體上對此事的評論，表達(dá)了對美國醫(yī)療服務(wù)的不滿，故選C項(xiàng)。 10．What do we know about U．S. health care? A．High health care spending has its intended effect. B．American's life expectancy is below the global average. C．The government has cut down on health care spending. D．More health care spending increases life expectancy greatly. 解析 B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句可知，美國民眾的預(yù)期壽命低于世界平均水平，故選B項(xiàng)。 11．What is the best title for the text? A．I Can't Afford That B．An Accident Caused a Revolution C．US Health Care Spending Is Rocketing D．A Passenger Got Caught 解析 A　標(biāo)題歸納題。本文由一名女士因負(fù)擔(dān)不起醫(yī)療費(fèi)用而乞求不要叫救護(hù)車這一事件引入話題，這一事件再次激起了美國民眾對醫(yī)療服務(wù)的熱議。A項(xiàng)既是該女士的原話，也是引發(fā)熱議的根源所在，故選A項(xiàng)。 D 課標(biāo)話題 人與社會·不同民族文化習(xí)俗 體裁 說明文 詞　　數(shù) 281 難度 (2019·南寧二中摸底)The hit movie Notting Hill(《諾丁山》)begins with a famous scene. Hugh Grant bumps into Julia Roberts and spills orange juice all over her. After the collision, Grant repeatedly says, “I'm so sorry. I'm so sorry.” His actions in this scene are very British.If Roberts' character were from Britain, then she would probably apologize repeatedly as well—even if the crash were not her fault.But this doesn't happen in the movie, as Roberts is from the U．S. A report in The Telegraph once said that three quarters of British people apologize when they bump into someone in the street—regardless of whether they are responsible or not.In fact, Britons use “sorry” in many situations. For example, if they mishear someone, they say “Sorry？” The person they are talking to will also apologize by replying, “No. I am sorry！” This can go on for up to five minutes as they compete over who is the most sorry. Why are Britons so sorry? Mark Tyrell, a psychology writer in the U．K., thinks that their apologetic tendencies are rooted in British class system.“We say sorry because historically the new middle class in Britain had to apologize for not being the working class, but also for not really being the upper class.” Another theory is that they apologize to avoid conflicts.For example, if they bump into someone, he might get angry.To avoid this, they instantly say “Sorry！” True manners are about being considerate, and today's constant use of apologizing shows that we are perhaps not as thoughtful as we once were.The word “sorry” has lost some of its original meanings. Do you see my point? Sorry.It might just be a British thing. 語篇導(dǎo)讀　本文用電影《諾丁山》里的一個場景引出話題——英國人愛說“sorry”，分析了產(chǎn)生這種現(xiàn)象的原因。 12．Why does the author mention a scene in the movie Notting Hill at the beginning? A．To give an example of British modesty. B．To introduce different ways of saying sorry. C．To show what kind of men are considered gentlemen in the U．K. D．To draw our attention and lead to the topic. 解析 D　寫作意圖題。一般來說，文章開頭的故事用來引起讀者的興趣，導(dǎo)入主題，再結(jié)合下文內(nèi)容可知，此處也符合這一寫作手法，故選D項(xiàng)。 13．Which of the following statements might Mark Tyrell agree with? A．People should not apologize if they are not responsible. B．Americans care less about manners than British people do. C．That British people apologize so much is linked to the class system. D．British people care too much about which social class they are from. 解析 C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第二句可知，Mark Tyrell認(rèn)為英國人愛說“sorry”這一現(xiàn)象根植于英國的階級體系，故選C項(xiàng)。 14．What can be inferred from the passage? A．It's unnecessary for British people to be so polite. B．The overuse of apologizing shows Britons are truly sincere. C．People should not stick to the traditional use of the word “sorry”． D．Using “sorry” more doesn't necessarily mean people are more polite. 解析 D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段可知，如今頻繁地使用“sorry”或許意味著現(xiàn)在的人們沒有以前那么體貼，即如今多次地使用“sorry”這個詞不一定代表有禮貌，故選D項(xiàng)。 15．What is the author's purpose in writing this passage? A．To explore the best way of saying sorry. B．To explain why Britons overuse the word “sorry”． C．To show how saying sorry has changed over time. D．To suggest many British people lack traditional manners. 解析 B　寫作意圖題。第一段以電影場景開篇，點(diǎn)出話題“英國人愛說‘sorry’”，下文側(cè)重分析這一現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的原因，故選B項(xiàng)。 Ⅱ 七選五 課標(biāo)話題 人與社會·科技發(fā)展與信息技術(shù)創(chuàng)新 體裁 說明文 詞　　數(shù) 245 難度 Scientists in Denmark have developed a venom(毒液) test machine to help doctors treat victims of snakebites. The machine was created to be simple and has only two pieces of equipment: a centrifuge(離心機(jī)) and a smartphone. For victims, surviving snakebites requires the use of a treatment, known as anti­venom. __1__,_because the victim must first know which kind of snake produces this kind of venom. The venom test machine can help address this problem. __2__. The different protein patterns in the venom can be used to determine the type of snake. Scientist Catherine Larsen from the Technical University of Denmark(DTU) said researchers found these patterns after testing different snake venoms with different small proteins(蛋白質(zhì)). Ivan Douka is also with DTU. He explained that the machine works by using a smartphone app from the patient.To create the sample(樣本), the patient's red blood cells need to first be separated. This is done by using a centrifuge. __3__,_and 30 minutes later, the sample is placed into another container, which is used with a piece of equipment that analyzes the liquid by measuring the amount of light that is absorbed by it. After that, connect that equipment to a smartphone, which has an app to show the results. __4__. Andreas Laustsen, another DTU scientist, said the test machine will help doctors make quicker, possibly life­saving decisions. __5__. Those bites kill at least 100,000 people, and cause around 400,000 people to lose their arm or leg. A．A smartphone is fixed onto a container B．The sample is then put into a special container C．Snake venom is made up of various protein patterns D．However, receiving the correct form of treatment can be difficult E．The proteins in snake venom have very specific effects on other creatures F．The app then identifies the type of snake and suggests the most effective anti­venom G．The team's work could help about five million people who are bitten by snakes each year 語篇導(dǎo)讀　丹麥的科學(xué)家發(fā)明了一個毒液檢測機(jī)，可以幫助醫(yī)生治療被蛇咬傷的患者。 【熟詞生義】address常用義：n.地址　生義：v.(著手)解決，處理(問題) 1．解析 D　轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系?？涨疤岬健氨欢旧咭男掖嬲咝枰邮芸苟疽褐委煛?，空后提到“因?yàn)槭芎φ弑仨毷紫戎滥姆N蛇會產(chǎn)生這種毒液”，D項(xiàng)(然而，接受正確的治療可能會很困難)承上啟下，故選D項(xiàng)。 2．解析 C　順承關(guān)系。根據(jù)空后一句可知，空處應(yīng)與protein patterns有關(guān)，C項(xiàng)包含關(guān)鍵詞protein patterns且符合語境，故選C項(xiàng)。 3．解析 B　順承關(guān)系。B項(xiàng)中的a special container與空后的another container相對應(yīng)且對象均為the sample，銜接緊密，故選B項(xiàng)。 4．解析 F　順承關(guān)系。根據(jù)空前的which has an app to show the results可知，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)(然后，該應(yīng)用程序識別出蛇的種類，并給出最有效的抗毒液)符合語境，其中的The app對應(yīng)空前的an app，故選F項(xiàng)。 5．解析 G　遞進(jìn)關(guān)系?？蘸蟮腡hose bites對應(yīng)G項(xiàng)中提到的每年約500萬人被蛇咬傷的事實(shí)，故選G項(xiàng)。 語言知識運(yùn)用練與寫作規(guī)范練 Ⅲ 完形填空 課標(biāo)話題 人與社會·社會熱點(diǎn)問題 體裁 夾敘夾議文 詞　　數(shù) 292 難度 Dave worked as a professional speaker. After working for a long time, Dave had to go through painful throat surgery, and his __1__ was frightening and upsetting. He told me his surgeon was competent and the hospital workers were __2__,_but the cold indifference of the line of nurses and doctors who came in and out of his room __3__ was one of the most __4__ experiences of his life. They treated Dave's disease rather than treating him as a person with a __5__,_often talking in front of him as if he were a __6__ animal who couldn't understand or wouldn't mind what they were __7__. Although they were assigned to look after him, they acted as if they didn't __8__. Their behavior was completely __9__. I can understand why medical practitioners keep an emotional __10__ from human suffering as a from of self­protection. And I understand __11__ confronting difficult and demanding patients as well as pain, disease, and death on a daily basis can __12__ calluses(老繭) around one's heart. But when professional distance translates to __13__,_it is a form of bad practice. The job of medical professionals is not __14__ to cure disease but to care for the overall well­being of patients. They do their jobs best when they help __15__ get better and help them feel better. What __16__ him, Dave said, wasn't the pain­killing drugs but the __17__ of a few nurses who uplifted his spirits by __18__ acts of human decency—a smile, a kind word, a compassionate expression or tone—that __19__ the message that they truly cared. We have to love and admire those who can bring their __20__ to their work, knowing that mental sunshine and flowers are powerful medicines. 1．A．performance B．a(chǎn)dventure C．experience D．course 2．A.hospitable B．skilled C．lazy D．kind 3．A.nervously B．slowly C．busily D．coldly 4．A.miserable B．wonderful C．comfortable D．thrilling 5．A.disease B．sense C．life D．danger 6．A.dangerous B．fierce C．numb D．gentle 7．A.operating B．saying C．joking D．laughing 8．A.know B．care C．worry D．notice 9．A.aggressive B．social C．good D．bad 10．A.distance B．response C．condition D．state 11．A.why B．when C．how D．whether 12．A.form B．gather C．cover D．produce 13．A.disinterest B．disrespect C．disappointment D．discouragement 14．A.exactly B．completely C．fully D．only 15．A.failures B．losers C．patients D．victims 16．A.saved B．surprised C．frightened D．moved 17．A.courage B．a(chǎn)ttitude C．position D．character 18．A.direct B．complex C．mysterious D．simple 19．A.conveyed B．received C．spread D．left 20．A.feelings B．moods C．hearts D．sufferings 語篇導(dǎo)讀　作者的朋友Dave在醫(yī)院遭到醫(yī)護(hù)人員的冷漠對待，作者認(rèn)為醫(yī)護(hù)人員不應(yīng)該只是治療疾病，更應(yīng)該關(guān)注患者的心理感受。 1．解析 C　根據(jù)下文講的故事及第二段中的提示詞experiences可知，這是Dave在醫(yī)院的一段經(jīng)歷(experience)，故選C項(xiàng)。 2．解析 B　空前提到外科醫(yī)生是能干的，根據(jù)and可知，醫(yī)院工作人員應(yīng)該也是技術(shù)熟練的(skilled)，故選B項(xiàng)。 3．解析 D　根據(jù)空前的but the cold indifference of the line…可推知，此處為同義復(fù)現(xiàn)。coldly冷漠的，符合語境，故選D項(xiàng)。 4．解析 A　根據(jù)下文可知這是Dave一生中最痛苦的(miserable)經(jīng)歷之一。wonderful極好的；comfortable舒服的；thrilling令人激動的，故選A項(xiàng)。 5．解析 A　根據(jù)語境可知，醫(yī)生對待Dave不像是對待一個有疾病(disease)的人。此處的disease為原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，故選A項(xiàng)。 6．解析 C　根據(jù)空后的who couldn't understand or wouldn't mind可知，此處是說Dave認(rèn)為醫(yī)生把他當(dāng)作一只麻木的(numb)動物一樣對待，故選C項(xiàng)。 7．解析 B　根據(jù)句意可知，Dave認(rèn)為醫(yī)生似乎覺得他聽不懂也不介意他們說(say)的話，故選B項(xiàng)。 8．解析 B　根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的the message that they truly cared可知，此處為原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，應(yīng)用care(在乎)，故選B項(xiàng)。 9．解析 D　上文提到，這是Dave一生中最痛苦的經(jīng)歷之一，由此可知，醫(yī)護(hù)人員的行為非常糟糕(bad)。aggressive有攻擊性的；social社會的；good好的，故選D項(xiàng)。 10．解析 A　根據(jù)第13空所在句可知，此處指醫(yī)護(hù)人員會和病人在情感上保持一段距離(distance)。response回應(yīng)；condition條件，狀況；state狀態(tài)，故選A項(xiàng)。 11．解析 C　句意：并且我理解每天面對不易相處的和要求苛刻的病人，以及面對痛苦、疾病和死亡會怎樣(how)讓人心形成(form)老繭，故選C項(xiàng)。 12．解析 A　參見上題解析，故選A項(xiàng)。 13．解析 B　句意：但是當(dāng)職業(yè)的距離感變成失禮(disrespect)，這就是一種不好的做法。disinterest不感興趣；disappointment失望；discouragement灰心，泄氣，故選B項(xiàng)。 14．解析 D　根據(jù)空后的but to care for the overall well­being of patients可知， 此處是說醫(yī)護(hù)人員的工作不只是(only)治病。exactly確切地；completely完全地；fully充分地，故選D項(xiàng)。 15．解析 C　根據(jù)常識可知，醫(yī)護(hù)人員應(yīng)是幫助患者(patient)康復(fù)，故選C項(xiàng)。 16．解析 A　根據(jù)下文中的uplifted his spirits可知，此處表示拯救(save)了Dave，故選A項(xiàng)。 17．解析 B　根據(jù)下文可知，此處表示拯救了Dave的不是止痛藥，而是幾個護(hù)士充滿關(guān)懷的態(tài)度(attitude)，故選B項(xiàng)。 18．解析 D　根據(jù)空后的a smile, a kind word, a compassionate expression or tone可知，護(hù)士是通過幾個簡單的(simple)舉動使Dave振作精神的，故選D項(xiàng)。 19．解析 A　根據(jù)語境可知，此處是說這幾個簡單的舉動傳達(dá)(convey)了“他們真正關(guān)心”這一信息，故選A項(xiàng)。 20．解析 C　根據(jù)全文可知，此處是說我們應(yīng)熱愛并贊賞那些用心(heart)去工作的人，故選C項(xiàng)。 Ⅳ 語法填空 課標(biāo)話題 人與社會·文化娛樂與傳媒 體裁 說明文 詞　　數(shù) 192 難度 For over a century, student journalists at The Daily Tar Heel(DTH) have documented their college life and raised 1.____________(variety) questions on free expression, tuition, and big­time athletics…The independent student newspaper celebrated its 125th anniversary this year. To mark it, student 2.____________(report) asked the question: What's the future of the DTH? Student newspapers are faced 3.____________ a dark reality. Falling advertising income, increasing digital demands and the lack of subscription fees as they are free 4.____________(read), mean that such newspapers are finding them much 5.____________(hard) to survive. Most college papers have reduced their print editions. And while the DTH 6.____________(use) to produce around 22,000 newspapers, it only makes around 10,000 now. Increasingly, student journalists have turned their focus to their digital platforms 7.____________ they can tell stories with social media. And though 8.____________ can be challenging for them to move away from that print tradition, they manage to adapt very well. So what should student newspapers 9.____________(trap) i