2015年高考英語藝考生課程 詞匯 第二十六講 The United Kingdom教學案

藝考生課程——詞匯 第二十六講 The United Kingdom 適用學科 英語 適用年級 高三 適用區(qū)域 全國 課時時長（分鐘） 60 知識點 名詞辨析；動詞辨析；形容詞辨析；副詞辨析； 動詞短語辨析；完成句子；句子翻譯 教學目標 知識：1快速復習掌握本單元詞匯 2快速擴詞匯量 方法：1老師和學生一起翻譯短文并從中找出自己不認識的詞匯 2學生將不認識的詞匯整理到筆記本上，并默寫出所整理的詞匯的 漢語意思 能力：1能根據(jù)老師所翻譯的文章快速記住生詞的漢語意思 2 能通過不斷上漲的詞匯量快速提高閱讀能力 教學重點 課文中的重點單詞、短語及相關句型的掌握和運用 教學難點 重點單詞、短語的靈活運用 教學過程 一、課堂導入 From the passage we know the United Kingdom consists of four countries: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. It also gives us a brief introduction of England and London, and explains how the culture of England was influenced by its invaders. 從短文中我們得知聯(lián)合王國由四個國家：英格蘭，威爾士，蘇格蘭和北愛爾蘭組成。它還介紹了英國和倫敦，并說明英格蘭文化如何受到入侵者的影響。 二、復習預習 1）The important words in this passage: 1 construction 2 firework 3 pump 4 painters 5 neighbourhood 6 defeat 7 severe 8 characteristic 9 alike 10 expert 13 physician 14 instruct 15 attend 16 victim 17 handle 18 enthusiastic 19 foresee 20 challenge 21 enquiry 22 announce 25 pollute 26 blame 27 positive 28 suspect 29 reject 30 contribute 31chart 32 analyse 33 cautiously 34 radium 11 universe 12 absorb 23 spin 24 backward 35 movement 36 cure 【答案】 1 construction建筑 2 firework煙火 3 pump 泵 4 painters畫家 5 neighbourhood鄰居 6 defeat打敗 7 severe嚴重的 8 characteristic性格 9 alike 相似的 10 expert專家 11 universe宇宙 12 absorb吸收 13 physician生理學家 14 instruct指令 15 attend參加 16 victim受害者 17 handle處理 18 enthusiastic熱情的 19 foresee預見 20 challenge挑戰(zhàn) 21 enquiry詢問 22 announce通知 25 pollute污染 26 blame責備 27 positive積極的 28 suspect懷疑 29 reject拒絕 30 contribute貢獻 31chart圖表 32 analyse分析 33 cautiously好奇地 34 radium鐳 23 spin旋轉 24 backward向后地 35 movement運動 36 cure治愈 2）The important phrases in this passage: 1put forward 2made no sense 3strict with 4apart from 5draw a scientific conclusion 6link to 7expose to 【答案】 1put forward提出 2made no sense無意義 3strict with對...嚴格 4apart from除了 5draw a scientific conclusion得出科學的結論 6link to連接 7expose to暴露 三、知識講解 翻譯下面由本單元詞匯所編成的故事，學生將在翻譯過程中不會的詞匯用橫線標出。 （一）The passage Sightseeing in the United Kingdom After the wedding, my cousin and his wife went to the United Kingdom for nationwide sightseeing. He faxed a letter to me in English yesterday. To my delight, he no longer made any tense error. And his description roughly clarified my questions about the UK--its currency, its administration, the institution which divides it into four provinces, and the historical conflicts and quarrels when Southern Ireland broke away from the UK. Unwilling to leave out any attraction, my cousin arranged his enjoyable journey carefully. One attractive place he visited was a castle in the countryside of Scotland, which lies near a port. It used to be the headquarters of the Communism Union but broke down during the war. Finding nothing could take the place of this splendid architecture, people accomplished rebuilding it in 1952. It was to their credit that all furnished rooms are consistent with what they used to be. My cousin was thrilled by its collections consisting of statues plus royal uniforms folded in glass tanks. Though there was no possibility to buy some of these exhibits, it was convenient to take photos, which he sent me along with his fax. 觀光聯(lián)合王國 我的表弟和他妻子在舉辦了婚禮后到聯(lián)合王國做全國旅游觀光去了。他昨天傳真了一封英文信給我，讓我高興的是，他再也不犯時態(tài)錯誤了，而且他的描述也粗略地向我闡明了關于英國的一些問題——它的貨幣啦，行政管理啦，把它分成四個行政區(qū)的制度啦，還有在南愛爾蘭脫離聯(lián)合王國時發(fā)生的一些歷史上的沖突和爭拗。 因為不愿意漏掉任何一個景點，我表弟仔細地安排了他愉快的旅程。他參觀的其中一個吸引人的地方是蘇格蘭鄉(xiāng)村的一個城堡。城堡靠近一座港口，曾經(jīng)是共產(chǎn)主義聯(lián)盟會的總部，但是在戰(zhàn)爭中倒塌了。人們發(fā)現(xiàn)沒有任何東西可以取代這座輝煌的建筑，于是在1952年完成了重建。值得贊揚的是，所有配備家具的房間都和它們過去一致的。由雕像加折疊在玻璃柜里的皇家制服組成的收藏品使我表弟震撼不已。盡管沒有可能購買這些展覽品，拍照卻很方便，他在傳真中一起發(fā)給了我。 （二）重點知識總結與解析： 1）The important words in this passage: 1wedding 2fax 3description 4roughly 5clarify 6currency 7administration 8institution 9province 10conflict 11quarrel 12unwilling 13arrange 14enjoyable 15attractive 16countryside 17port 18accomplish 19furnish 20thrill 21collection 22statues 23plus 24fold 25possibility 26convenient 【答案】 1婚禮 2傳真 3描述 4粗略地 5闡明 6貨幣 7行政管理 8行政區(qū) 9省 10沖突 11爭拗 12不愿意 13安排 14愉快的 15吸引人的 16鄉(xiāng)村 17港口 18完成 19配備家具 20震撼 21收藏品 22雕塑 23加 24折疊 25可能 26方便 2）The important phrases in this passage: 1the United Kingdom 2nationwide sightseeing 3to my delight 4tense error 5divide into 6break away from 7leave out 8the Communism Union 9break down 10take the place of 11splendid architecture 12to their credit 13consistent with 14royal uniform 【答案】 1聯(lián)合王國 2全國旅游觀光 3讓我高興的是 4時態(tài)錯誤 5把......分成 6脫離 7漏掉 8共產(chǎn)主義聯(lián)盟會 9倒塌 10取代 11輝煌的建筑 12值得贊揚的是 13一致的 14皇家制服 （三）知識點講解： 重點詞匯 知識點1 詞匯 部分 詞語 辨析 1. divide/separate 2. puzzle/confuse 3.debate/argue/discuss/quarrel 4.influence/affect/effect 詞形 變化 1. convenience n.便利，方便,適合 convenient adj.便利的,方便的 conveniently adv.便利地 2. attraction n.吸引,吸引力 attractive adj. 吸引人的,有魅力的 attract v. 吸引 3. construct v.建造,構造,建立 construction n..建筑,建設 4. arrange v. 安排,協(xié)商 arrangement n. 排列,安排 5.collect v.收集, 聚集, 集中 collection n.收藏, 征收, 搜集品 6. fair adj. 公平地, 公正地, unfair adj. 不公平的 7.suggest vt.建議, 暗示 suggestion n. 提議, 意見, 暗示, 重點 單詞 1. consist vi.由...組成, 在于, 一致 2. clarify v.澄清, 闡明 3. convenience n.便利, 方便, 有益, 有用的, 方便的用具、 4. influence n.& vt.影響, 感化, 勢力, 有影響的人(或事) 5. available adj.可用到的, 可利用的,有空的, 6. arrange v.安排, 排列, 協(xié)商 7. delight n.快樂, 高興, 喜悅v. (使)高興, (使)欣喜 重點 詞組 take the place of代替,取代 break down損壞，跨，壓倒，分解 leave out省去,遺漏 重點句子 1） There is no need to debate any more about why different words are used to describe the four countries. 2） It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism should have lived and died in London. 重點語法 過去分詞做賓語補足語 知識點2： 1). divide/separate v. 【解釋】 divide “把一個整體分成若干部分”,破壞了賓語的完整性,常與 “into”連用 separate 指”把原來連在一起或靠近的部分分割開來”,常與 “from” 連用 2). puzzle/confuse 【解釋】 puzzle 指“情況錯宗復雜, 因而使人感到困惑不解” confuse 指“把事物混淆或弄亂“或“由于混淆、混亂而糊涂”, 語氣較弱, 常指暫時現(xiàn)象 3) debate/argue/discuss/quarrel辯論,爭論 【解釋】 debate就已經(jīng)確定或統(tǒng)一的問題,各述己見,公開,正式的爭論.含交鋒的意思 argue 指提出理由或事實，試圖在爭辯中說服對方，或促使他人擁護自己倡導的理由或觀點： discuss指一般討論,談論 quarrel常指因瑣事而感到氣憤,進行爭吵 4) influence/affect 【解釋】 Affect著重影響一個人的感情或健康，也指事物受到影響 influence影響,指對人或事物起某種作用，使其行為,性格或觀點等發(fā)生變化，常含有潛移默化的意味. 知識點3： 1. convenience n.便利，方便,適合 convenient adj.便利的,方便的 conveniently adv.便利地 2. attraction n.吸引,吸引力 attractive adj. 吸引人的,有魅力的 attract v. 吸引 3. construct v.建造,構造,建立 construction n..建筑,建設 4. arrange v. 安排,協(xié)商 arrangement n. 排列,安排 5.collect v.收集, 聚集, 集中 collection n.收藏, 征收, 搜集品 6. fair adj. 公平地, 公正地, unfair adj. 不公平的 7.suggest vt.建議, 暗示 suggestion n. 提議, 意見, 暗示, 重點詞組 知識點1 take the place of代替,取代 [典例] 1) In the future, natural gas will take the place of petrol as the major fuel. 將來天然氣會代替汽油成為主要的能源。 2) I’ll take the place of Mr．Lin next week．=I’ll take Mr．Lin's place next week． 下周我將代替林老師。 [重點用法] take place發(fā)生；舉行 take one's place就位；代替某人 in place of (= instead of)代替 in place在適當?shù)奈恢? out of place不得其所，不適當?shù)? in the first place首先 from place to place到處；各處 [練習] 選擇以上短語填空 1) A sudden accident _______ in the street last evening. 2)She likes everything _______ before she starts to work．She hates a mess． Keys: 1)took place 2)in place 知識點2 break down損壞，跨，壓倒，分解 [經(jīng)典例句] 1) The bridge broke down．橋塌了。 2) The engine broke down．發(fā)動機壞了。 3) He has broken down from overwork．他因工作過度而累垮了。 4) Water can be broken down into hydrogen and oxygen．水可以分解為氫和氧。 5) The plan to build another chemical work has broken down because it will cause serious pollution．再建一個化工廠的計劃失敗了，因為這將引起嚴重的污染。 [詞匯激活] break away from擺脫，脫離 break in闖入；插話 break into闖入；破門而人；打斷(談話) break off中止；折斷；打折 break out爆發(fā)；突然發(fā)生 break through突破；沖垮 break up分解；(使)結束;分開,分離 [練習]請?zhí)钊诉m當?shù)慕樵~或副詞： 1)To understand the grammar of the sentence, you must break it ___________ into pieces. 2) The elevator broke _______. 3) Fighting broke_______ in the prison cells. 4)Fire broke _______during the night. 5) On the way to the prison house, the prisoners suddenly broke _______ from the policeman. Keys: 1) down 2) down 3) out 4) out 5) away 知識點3 leave out省去,遺漏 [典例] 1) You have left out the most important word in this sentence． 你在這一句中遺漏了最重要的一個單詞。 2) Don't leave me out when you invite people to your party． 當你邀請人們?nèi)⒓油頃r，別把我漏掉了。 [重點用法] leave for 動身到(某處) leave alone不管;撇下…一個人 leave aside擱置 leave behind遺忘;遺留 [練習]請?zhí)钊诉m當?shù)慕樵~或副詞： 1) They were left ______ in the wilderness. 2) He was asked to make up the information left ______ by the leader. Keys: 1) alone 2) out 重點句型 知識點1 There is no need to debate any more about why different words are used to describe the four countries. 沒有必要去爭論為什么要用不同的詞去描述這四個國家。 [解釋]There is no need to do沒有必要做某事 There is no doubt that ……是毫無疑問的 [練習]漢譯英 1) 我們有必要再去那一趟嗎? _________________________________________________________________________________________ 2) 沒必要給他寫封信告知這個消息. _________________________________________________________________________________________ Keys: 1) Is there any need for us to go there again? 2) There is no need to write to him and inform him the news. 知識點2 It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism should have lived and died in London. 這似乎是一件怪事:這位發(fā)展了共產(chǎn)主義的人竟然在倫敦生活過，而且在倫敦去世. [解釋] It is/seems/…that …從句用虛擬語氣，由“should+v.原形”構成 [典例] 1) It is strange that my mother should agree with me.真奇怪我媽媽竟然答應了我。 2) It was strange that my mother should have agreed with me. 真奇怪我媽媽竟然答應了我。 [練習]翻譯 1） 真奇怪,他竟然考試不及格. _________________________________________________________________________________________ 2） 似乎很奇怪，他能夠通過觸摸判斷花的種類。 _________________________________________________________________________________________ Key: 1) It’s strange that he should fail the exam. 2) It seemed strange that he could tell the different kinds of flower by touching. 四、例題精析 【例題1】 選擇divide或separate并用其適當?shù)男问教羁? 1） The apple was _________ into two. 2） His lecture ___________divides into three parts. 3） She was __________separated from her husband last year. 4） The Taiwan Strait __________ Taiwan from Fujian 【答案】1） divided 2）divides 3） separated 4）separates 【解析】 divide “把一個整體分成若干部分”,破壞了賓語的完整性,常與 “into”連用 separate 指”把原來連在一起或靠近的部分分割開來”,常與 “from” 連用 【例題2】 選擇puzzle 或confuse并用其適當?shù)男问教羁? 1）What he did __________puzzled me greatly. 2）They asked me so many questions that they _________confused me. 3）I am always ________ salt with sugar. 4）The patient’s illness _______ the doctor; and he couldn’t find the cause. 【答案】1）puzzled 2）confused 3）confusing 4）puzzled 【解析】 puzzle 指“情況錯宗復雜, 因而使人感到困惑不解” confuse 指“把事物混淆或弄亂“或“由于混淆、混亂而糊涂”, 語氣較弱, 常指暫時現(xiàn)象【例題3】 選擇debate/argue/discuss/quarrel或puzzle并用其適當?shù)男问教羁? 1）The couple are always __________quarreling about the past. 2）Have you _________ the problem with anyone? 3）I _________ with her all day about the situation. 【答案】 1）quarreling 2）discussed 3）argued 【解析】 debate就已經(jīng)確定或統(tǒng)一的問題,各述己見,公開,正式的爭論.含交鋒的意思 argue 指提出理由或事實，試圖在爭辯中說服對方，或促使他人擁護自己倡導的理由或觀點： discuss指一般討論,談論 quarrel常指因瑣事而感到氣憤,進行爭吵 五、課堂運用 【基礎】 選擇influence或affect并用其適當?shù)男问教羁? 1) The noise from the street _________affected my study. 2) Outside factors _____________influenced him to resign. 3) My parents _________ my childhood a great deal. 【答案】1) affected 2) influenced 3) influenced 翻譯句子 1) 你得在會議開始前把書架上的書整理好。 2）他們在秘密地為一場盛大婚禮做準備 【答案】 1) You should finish arranging the books on the shelves before the meeting. 2) They are arranging for a big wedding secretly. 【鞏固】 1.單項填空We regret to inform you that there are no tickets ______ for Friday’s performance. A. available B. spare C. convenient D. affordable 【答案】A 【解析】 根據(jù)句意“我們很遺憾地通知你星期五的演出票沒有了”?？芍猘vailable “可提供的，可得到的”，常作后置定語。 用括號內(nèi)所提供詞的適當形式填空 1) These meals are quick and _________ to prepare. (convenience) 2) We provide these meals for the _____ of the customers. (convenience) 3) What ________ me first was that there is a beautiful house with an ____________ garden.(attraction) 4) They had an _________ that the children would spend their holiday abroad.(arrange) 5) The classic music _________ his childhood. (influence) 6) He thought that listening to the music has a calming _________ on him. (influence) 7) A new city of Wenchuan is still under __________.(construct) 8) A new city of Wenchuan is still under construction, although it was ________ a half year ago.(construct) 9) At the whole classmates’________, the head teacher ________ they should go camping this weekend. (suggest) 【答案】1) convenient; 2) convenience 3)attracted; attractive 4) arrangement 5)influenced; 6)influence 7)construction; 8)constructed 9)suggestion; suggested 【提高】英漢互譯 一） 英譯漢 1. People may wonder why different words are used to describe these four countries: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. 【答案】人們也許覺得奇怪，為什么用來描述英格蘭、威爾士、蘇格蘭和北愛爾蘭這四個國家的詞語不太一樣。 2. So only Northern Ireland joined with England, Wales and Scotland to become the United Kingdom and this was shown to the world in a new flag called the Union Jack. 【答案】因此只有北愛爾蘭同英格蘭、威爾士、蘇格蘭聯(lián)合起來，而組成了聯(lián)合王國，這一點從新的聯(lián)合王國國旗上就可以看得出來。 3. The greatest historical treasure of all is London with its museums, art collections, theatres, parks and buildings. 【答案】最具歷史意義的寶地是倫敦。那兒有博物館，有藝術珍品、劇院、公園和各種建筑物。 4. It has the oldest port built by the Romans in the first century AD, the oldest building begun by the Anglo-Saxons in the 1060s and the oldest castle constructed by later Norman rulers in 1066. 【答案】它有公元一世紀由羅馬人建造的最古老的港口，有由盎格魯——撒克遜人始建于11世紀60年代的最古老的建筑，還有公元1066年由后來的諾曼人統(tǒng)治者建造的最古老的城堡。 5. The first invaders, the Romans, left their towns and roads.The second, the Anglo-Saxons, left their language and their government.The third, the Vikings, influenced the vocabulary and place-names of the North of England, and the fourth, the Normans, left castles and introduced new words for food. 【答案】最早的入侵者是古羅馬人，他們留下了他們的城鎮(zhèn)和道路。接著是盎格魯——撒克遜人，留下了他們的語言和政體。第三是斯堪的納維亞人，他們對詞匯和北部的地名造成了一定影響；第四是諾曼人，他們留下了城堡和新的食物名稱的詞語。二） 漢譯英 1. 這支球隊由12人組成。 【答案】The team consists of 12 players. 2. 這位藝術家的風格上的美在于它的簡樸。 【答案】The beauty of the artist's style consists in its simplicity. 3.她寫信詳細說明她的意圖。 【答案】She wrote a letter to clarify her intentions. 4.如果方便就來看看我。 【答案】Come and see me if it is convenient to you． 5.你方便明天開始工作嗎? 【答案】Will it be convenient for you to start work tomorrow? 課程小結 本節(jié)課主要圍繞必修五詞匯進行多方位記憶，將精心挑選出的表達情感類的詞匯、短語進行匯編串聯(lián)，夠成趣味文章。需要重點掌握的是除了本單元的詞匯 還有文章中出現(xiàn)的其他詞匯的漢語意思。盡可能多的擴大詞匯量，盡可能快的記住每個生詞的意思，近年高考對詞匯的考查越來越重視，因此，同學在通過詞匯量的增大，快速提高了閱讀能力，使整個高考題的卷面分數(shù)全面提高。 課后作業(yè) 【基礎】 根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，從每題所給的A、B、C和D項中，選出最佳選項。 1. In the first paragraph，how did the author’s cousin tell him about the nationwide sightseeing？ A. by faxing B. by phoning C.by E-mail D. by letter 【答案】A 【解析】根據(jù)文章的第一段可知He faxed a letter to me in English yesterday. 2. What did the castle use to be？ A. a headquarter B. a port C.a library D. a school 【答案】A 【解析】It used to be the headquarters of the Communism Union可知。 3.When did the castle rebuild? A. in 1950 B. in 1951 C.in 1952 D. in 1953 【答案】C 【解析】people accomplished rebuilding it in 1952可知?！眷柟獭? 語法填空 The United Kingdom 1 （由…組成） four countries: England, 2 , Scotland and Northern Ireland, 3 is known to the world in a flag 4 (call) the Union Jack. The four countries do work together in some areas, but they have developed different 5 (教育的) and legal systems. England, the largest of the four countries, is 6 (大致) divided into three zones. Its capital, 7 , has been influenced by the invaders of England, and you will find 8 greatest historical treasure in it. 【答案】1. consists of 2. Wales 3. which 4. called 5. educational 6. roughly 7. London 8. the【提高】 英譯漢 1. The reaper leaped over a heap of cheap weapons. 【答案】收割者躍過一堆廉價的武器。 2. The newly imprisoned prisoners poisoned poisonous moisture are hoisted out from the prison. 【答案】中了有毒濕氣毒的新近關押的囚犯被從監(jiān)獄吊出。 3. The gross grocer crossed his legs before the boss. 【答案】粗鄙的雜貨商在老板面前叉起腿子。 4. The lost Bible is possibly the biggest loss of my possessions. 【答案】丟失的圣經(jīng)可能是我最大的財產(chǎn)損失。 5. A dose of poison made the noisy man's nose rosy. 【答案】一劑毒藥使得吵鬧的男子的鼻子變成玫瑰色。