2022年高考英語(yǔ) 語(yǔ)法專題復(fù)習(xí) Unit 12 Culture Shock教案1 北師大版

2022年高考英語(yǔ) 語(yǔ)法專題復(fù)習(xí) Unit 12 Culture Shock教案1 北師大版語(yǔ)法·剖析·活用不定式或動(dòng)名詞作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)的用法在第十單元我們學(xué)習(xí)了不定式的句法功用，可以看出，不定式和動(dòng)名詞都可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。作主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)名詞形式表示一般的、概念性的、時(shí)常的動(dòng)作，而動(dòng)詞不定式常表示一時(shí)的、偶然的行為和動(dòng)作。如：Being a doctor is a good choice.當(dāng)醫(yī)生是不錯(cuò)的選擇。（對(duì)任何人、任何時(shí)候而言都是這樣的）To be a good doctor is my dream.當(dāng)個(gè)好醫(yī)生是我的夢(mèng)想。（對(duì)個(gè)人而言，是個(gè)別情況）用動(dòng)名詞還是不定式作賓語(yǔ)，主要分為以下四種情況：(1)只可使用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞：enjoy,miss,practice,prefer,suggest,consider,appreciate,avoid,mind,imagine,finish,admit,deny,delay,risk等。只跟動(dòng)名詞的短語(yǔ)：feel like,stick to,devote to,pay attention to,be worth,be busy,cant help,it is no use,be used to (習(xí)慣于),look forward to,cant stand等。(2)只可使用不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞：wish,hope,promise,expect,pretend,want,agree,refuse,prepare,manage,persuade,afford,offer,attempt,decide等。只跟不定式的習(xí)語(yǔ)：would like/love to等。(3)既可接動(dòng)名詞，又可接不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：start,begin,continue,like,love,hate等，意思基本沒有區(qū)別。love，like和hate接動(dòng)名詞和不定式時(shí)，表示長(zhǎng)久的、規(guī)律性的好惡用動(dòng)名詞，表示一時(shí)的、個(gè)別性的好惡常用不定式。如：He hate eating fish from his childhood.他從小就不喜歡吃魚。I love to go driving on such a lovely afternoon.我想在這樣一個(gè)美好的下午出去兜風(fēng)。(4)以下動(dòng)詞既可接動(dòng)名詞，又可接不定式作賓語(yǔ)，但意思有區(qū)別。接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)接不定式作賓語(yǔ)remember記得過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作記得將來要做的動(dòng)作try試著去做、嘗試改變努力去做某事regret對(duì)做過的事表示后悔對(duì)要做的事表示遺憾mean意味著企圖（打算）做某事go on繼續(xù)做未完成的事情做完一件事后，接著做另一件forget忘記以前曾做過某事忘記去做某事stop中斷正在做的事情中斷正在做的事，去做別的事cant help禁不住做某事不能幫著做某事補(bǔ)充：need,want,require,demand,be worth等接動(dòng)名詞,主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)：My hair needs cutting.=My hair needs to be cut.The book is worth reading.=The book is worth to be read.不帶to的不定式。常用的有“十一個(gè)半動(dòng)詞”：五看二聽一感覺，三個(gè)使役來幫助。即look,see,watch,notice, observe, listen, hear,feel,make,have,let,help。由于help也可使用帶to的不定式，所以它算半個(gè)。此外還有一些不帶to的習(xí)語(yǔ)：had better do,would rather do than do,why not等。作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)放在被修飾語(yǔ)的后面，作后置定語(yǔ)；動(dòng)名詞通常放在被修飾語(yǔ)之前，多表示被修飾語(yǔ)的用途?，F(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞是動(dòng)詞詞尾加-ing構(gòu)成的。它們還保留著動(dòng)詞的特征，并帶有形容詞和副詞的功能。因此，現(xiàn)在分詞在句子中可以作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。除此之外，現(xiàn)在分詞還可以充當(dāng)動(dòng)詞的賓補(bǔ)。及物動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞有主動(dòng)意義，不及物動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞則表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。作表語(yǔ)許多現(xiàn)在分詞已經(jīng)成為形容詞，如amusing,annoying,astonishing,attracting,boring, disappointing,discouraging,encouraging,exciting,frightening,interesting,inspiring,inviting,pleasing,puzzling,shocking,surprising,tiring等，這些詞都是由它們的同源動(dòng)詞加-ing變來的，都具有主動(dòng)意義，譯成“令人的”，同普通形容詞一樣可以由副詞修飾，也可以有比較等級(jí)。The story is amusing,more amusing than all the others.這個(gè)故事很好笑，比其他的故事都好笑。作定語(yǔ)（現(xiàn)在分詞可以前置和后置） (1)前置 (通常由一個(gè)現(xiàn)在分詞充當(dāng))hard-working people 勤勞的人民 the never-ending quarrel 無休止的爭(zhēng)吵fine-looking buildings 美觀的建筑an English-speaking man 說英語(yǔ)的人(2)后置(通常由現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)充當(dāng))I have a friend living in London.我有一個(gè)朋友住在倫敦。Will the people sitting at the back please keep quiet?請(qǐng)坐在后面的人保持安靜。注意：當(dāng)現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，它和被修飾的名詞之間通常是主謂關(guān)系，即被修飾語(yǔ)是這個(gè)現(xiàn)在分詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)出者。如上例，hard-working people中，people就是動(dòng)作work的發(fā)出者。作狀語(yǔ)(1)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)(常在句首)Hearing the bad news,she burst into tears.聽到這個(gè)壞消息后，她大哭起來。Once,while working on a new invention,Edison made 8000 tests without success.曾經(jīng)在進(jìn)行一項(xiàng)發(fā)明時(shí)，愛迪生做了8000次試驗(yàn)，都失敗了。Having arrived at a decision,they immediately set to work.決定了之后，他們立即動(dòng)工。(2)條件狀語(yǔ)（常在句首） Working hard,you will make it.加油干，你就會(huì)成功。If playing all day,you will waste your valuable time.要是成天玩，你就把寶貴的時(shí)間浪費(fèi)了。(3)原因狀語(yǔ)（常在句首） Being a shy man,Einstein did not attend his fiftieth birthday party.愛因斯坦是個(gè)內(nèi)向的人，連為他舉辦的50歲生日聚會(huì)都沒有參加。Having lived in Berlin so many years,he knew the city quite well.在柏林住了這么多，他對(duì)這個(gè)城市了如指掌。(4)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)（常在句末） He dropped the cup,breaking it into pieces.他把杯子掉到地上，摔碎了。The fire lasted three weeks,destroying the whole forest.大火燒了三個(gè)星期，毀了整片森林。(5)伴隨狀語(yǔ)（常在句末，表示伴隨情況、行為方式、補(bǔ)充說明等） They stood at the roadside,watching the procession.他們站在路邊看游行。The children ran out,laughing and talking merrily.孩子們跑了出去，高興地邊說邊笑。He sat at the window reading.他坐在窗子旁邊讀書。注意：現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)是同一個(gè)。如Hearing the bad news,she burst into tears.中，主句的主語(yǔ)是she，那么現(xiàn)在分詞hearing的邏輯主語(yǔ)也是she，hear這個(gè)動(dòng)作實(shí)際就是she發(fā)出的。它們之間是主謂關(guān)系，hearing表示一種主動(dòng)意義。若現(xiàn)在分詞的狀語(yǔ)從句是否定含義時(shí)，在從句句首加Not。如：Not understanding the problem,he asked the teacher again.他不理解這個(gè)問題，就去問老師。作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) (1)see,hear,smell,feel,watch,find,notice,observe,look at,listen to等表示感覺的動(dòng)詞，用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)，表示這個(gè)動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。Can you smell anything burning?你聞到有東西糊了嗎？I saw them swimming in the pool just now.剛才我看見他們?cè)谟境乩镉斡灸亍?2)have,keep,get,set,send,leave等表示“致使”等的動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，表示“使處于某種持續(xù)的狀態(tài)中”。He had us laughing all the time over dinner.整個(gè)晚飯期間他讓我們不住地笑。His remarks left me wondering his real purpose.他的話讓我猜測(cè)起他真正的意圖。The explosion sent the roof flying.那次爆炸把屋頂掀飛了。注意：感官動(dòng)詞后面的現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，不是全過程；表示動(dòng)作的全過程，要用不帶to的不定式。如： I saw him crossing the road.我看見他在過馬路。I saw him cross the road.我看見他過馬路了?！净顚W(xué)活用】24.單項(xiàng)填空1)（廣東廣州綜合測(cè)試，35） I really appreciate_a great effort to e to help us with the problem.A.your makingB.you to madeC.you to makeD.your being made2)（上海，35） It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just_a look at the sports stars.A.hadB.having C.to have D.have3)（全國(guó)，17）We often provide our children with toys,footballs or basketballs,_that all children like these things.A.thinkingB.thinkC.to thinkD.thought4)（江蘇，25 Is Bob still performing?Im afraid not.He is said_the stage already as he has bee an official.A.to have leftB.to leaveC.to have been leftD.to be left5)（福建，29）Can the project be finished as planned?Sure,_it pleted in time,well work two more hours a day.A.having gotB.to getC.gettingD.get6)The library needs_,but it will have to wait until Sunday.A.cleaningB.to cleanC.cleanD.being cleaned7)I can hardly imagine Peter_across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.A.sailB.to sailC.sailingD.to have sailed8)I must apologize for_ahead of time.Thats all right.A.letting you not knowB.not letting you knowC.letting you know notD.letting not you know 9)（湖北，34 ）Dont sit there_nothinge and help me with this table.A.doB.to doC.doingD.and doing10)The pupil asked the teacher how much time he spent_violin every day.A.to practise to play theB.practising playing the C.to practise to playD.practicing to play答案與解析:1)Aappreciate后只能接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，此處表主動(dòng)意義，故選A。后面只能接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有mind,miss,enjoy,give up,admit,finish,escape,practise,avoid,keep,suggest,imagine,cant help等。2)C句意為“真不敢相信，這些粉絲們?cè)隗w育館外面等了三個(gè)小時(shí)就為了看體育明星們一眼”。在此句中，動(dòng)詞不定式充當(dāng)目的狀語(yǔ)。3)A兩句之間沒有連詞，逗號(hào)之后用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和主語(yǔ)之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。句意為“我們通常給孩子一些玩具、足球或籃球，認(rèn)為所有的孩子都喜歡這些東西”。4)A此題考查對(duì)動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的掌握運(yùn)用能力。leave作“離開”講時(shí)是不及物動(dòng)詞，沒有被動(dòng)形式；其次，句中的already 表示完成概念。因此選擇表示主動(dòng)兼完成的to have left。5)B“我們”加班的目的是完成計(jì)劃，所以用不定式表目的、打算。6)A句意為“圖書館需要清掃了，不過要等到周日才行”。need cleaning是用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義，也可用need to be cleaned結(jié)構(gòu)。7)C句意為“我無法想象彼得在五天之內(nèi)能航行穿過大西洋”。imagine sb.doing sth.“想象某人做某事”。8)B句意為“我必須為沒有提前告訴你而道歉?！薄皼]關(guān)系?！狈穸▌?dòng)名詞時(shí)，在其前加not，這一點(diǎn)和不定式的否定形式類似。9)Cdoing nothing作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于并列句and do nothing。句意為“不要坐在那里什么也不干，來幫我擺桌子”。10)B句意為“學(xué)生問老師他每天練多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的小提琴”。spend time (in)doing sth.，practice doing sth.，“play+the+樂器”均為固定結(jié)構(gòu)。