中考英語復(fù)習(xí)講義 第15章 句子種類

中考英語復(fù)習(xí)講義 第15章 句子種類 英語句子按照使用目的和交際功能分為陳述句、疑問句、祈使句和感嘆句四類。對(duì)于句子種類的考查，感嘆句中感嘆詞的選擇，特殊疑問句中疑問詞的選擇，反意疑問句中的附加問句等是?？键c(diǎn)?？疾樾问揭詥雾?xiàng)選擇為主，而專門針對(duì)句子種類考查的題目不是很多，大多和其他知識(shí)點(diǎn)融合在一起。在學(xué)習(xí)過程中，同學(xué)們要全面復(fù)習(xí).達(dá)到靈活運(yùn)用。內(nèi)容導(dǎo)視知識(shí)點(diǎn)1陳述句知識(shí)點(diǎn)2疑問句知識(shí)點(diǎn)3祈使句知識(shí)點(diǎn)4感嘆句知識(shí)詳單知識(shí)點(diǎn)1陳述句分類說明例句陳述句的肯定形式正常語序I hope you can see me.我希望你能見我。倒裝語序Here es the bus!公共汽車來了陳述句的否定形式謂語有be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，在這些詞后加not構(gòu)成否定式She is not at home·她不在家。I cannot speak French.我不會(huì)說法語。謂語是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，用don't, doesnt、或didnt加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成否定式He doesn't know the way.他不認(rèn)識(shí)路。They didn't watch TV yesterday.他們昨天沒有看電視其他表示否定含義的詞(如no, never, seldom, hardly, nobody等)直接構(gòu)成否定式I seldom go outside.我很少出去。Nobody knows him.沒有人知道他?！局R(shí)拓展】have在表示“有”的意思時(shí)，其否定形式有兩種: 其后直接加not。例如:I haven't any new books here.我這里沒有新書了。借助助動(dòng)詞do。構(gòu)成否定式。例如:I don't have any new books here.我這里沒有新書了。知識(shí)點(diǎn)2疑問句1.分類含義說明例句一般疑問句用yes，no 回答答的疑問句用 yes, no 回答的一般疑問句-Can you go with me?你能和我一起去嗎?一Yes，I can.是的.我可以。/No, I can't.不.我不能。用yes，no之外的詞回答的一般疑問句一Could you tell me, the way to the; nearest police station?你能告訴我最近的警察局怎么走嗎?-Sorry, I am a stranger here.對(duì)不起，我對(duì)此地很陌生。省略形式的一般疑問句Anything new?有新消息嗎?特殊疑問句就句中某一部分進(jìn)行提問的疑問句普通特殊疑問句When will you leave?你們什么時(shí)候走?強(qiáng)調(diào)特殊疑問句Who ever will he invited to the party? 究竟邀請(qǐng)誰來參加這個(gè)聚會(huì)?選擇疑問句說話者對(duì)問題提出兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的答案選擇疑問句的形式一Do you go to work by bus or by bike?你乘公交車還是騎自行車去上班?一一By bike.騎自行車去。選擇疑問句的答語反意疑問句附加在陳述句后的簡短問句陳述句肯定，疑問句否定You like sports, don't you?你喜歡運(yùn)動(dòng)，是嗎?陳述句否定，疑問句肯定She isn't good at maths, is she?她不擅長數(shù)學(xué)，是嗎?【知識(shí)拓展】反意疑問句的回答:在答語中，如果陳述部分是否定形式，答語中的yes翻譯為“不”，而no翻譯為“是的”。但是，答語中要保持前后一致，即yes后面的部分是肯定形式，no后面的部分是否定形式。例如:-Tom didn't do his homework yesterday, did he?湯姆昨天沒有寫作業(yè)，是嗎?，”-Yes, he did.不，他寫T o /No, he didn't.是的，他沒有寫。2.反意疑問句的特殊用法用法例句陳述部分用指人的不定代詞，如no one, nobody, someone等作主語，附加問句的主語強(qiáng)調(diào)全部時(shí)用they，強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體時(shí)用heEveryone is working hard on the problem, aren't they?每個(gè)人都在努力解這道題，是嗎?Someone is waiting for me, isn't he?有人在等我，是嗎?陳述部分用指物的不定代詞，如nothingeverything, something等作主語時(shí)，附加問句的主語用itEverything goes well with you, doesn't it?你一切都很順利，是吧?Everything is ready, isn't it?一切就緒，是嗎?陳述部分用指示代詞作主語，附加問句的主語要用相應(yīng)的人稱代詞，即this/that用it,these/those用theyThat is a very nice vase, isn't it?那是一個(gè)非常漂亮的花瓶，是嗎?Those areyour friends, aren't they?那些是你的朋友，是嗎?陳述部分為there he句型時(shí)，附加問句的主語仍用thereThere will be a heavy rain tomorrow， won't there?明天有一場(chǎng)大雨，是嗎?陳述部分含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞used to時(shí)，附加問句的動(dòng)詞用usedn't和didn't皆可Your mother used to be a librarian, usedn't/didn't she?你母親過去是圖書管理員，是嗎?陳述句含有否定詞時(shí)，附加問句一般用肯定式(若為帶否定前綴的派生詞則仍用否定式)You don't agree with him，do you?你不同意他的意見，是嗎?You disagree with him，dont you?你不同意他的意見，是嗎?陳述部分是祈使句時(shí)，附加問句一般用willyou或、won't you; 以let's開頭的祈使句，附加問句用shall wee in and have a seat, won't you?(你們)進(jìn)來坐下，好嗎?Let's have another try, shall we?讓我們?cè)僭囋?，好?陳述部分是主從復(fù)合句時(shí)，附加問句的主語一般與主句主語一致He said he was hard-working, didn't he?他說他很努力，是嗎?陳述部分是并列句時(shí)，附加問句的主語與臨近分句的主語一致I know her but she doesn't know me, does she?我認(rèn)識(shí)她但她不認(rèn)識(shí)我，是嗎?【知識(shí)拓展】1.陳述部分含有must,簡短問句要根據(jù)must在陳述句中的意義決定。表示“必須、禁止”時(shí)，附加問句用must成mustn't。例如:You must finish your homework on time, mustn't you?你必須按時(shí)完成作業(yè)，好不好?You mustn't play football on the street, must you?你絕不能在街道上踢足球，知道嗎?表示“有必要”時(shí)，附加問句用needn't。例如:We must have a meeting this afternoon, needn't we?我們今天下午有必要開個(gè)會(huì).是嗎?表示“一定，想必”時(shí)，附加問句根據(jù)具體情況選擇。例如:You must be very happy, aren't you?你一定很快樂，是嗎?(對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的推側(cè))It must have snowed last nigh， didn't it?昨晚一定是下雪了，是不是?(對(duì)過去情況的推側(cè)，用didn't).有時(shí)間狀語提示.He must have learned French for many years，hasn't he?他一定學(xué)習(xí)法語很多年了，是嗎?(對(duì)過去情況的推測(cè)，無時(shí)間狀語提示，用haven't/hasn't)2.當(dāng)陳述部分是“Im sure, I'm afraid, I don't think (suppose, expect, image，believe等)+賓語從句結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，附加問句應(yīng)與從句的主謂保持一致，同時(shí)要注意陳述部分的否定轉(zhuǎn)移現(xiàn)象。如:I'm sure he will e in time, won't he?我確信他會(huì)及時(shí)到來，不是嗎?I don't think you are right，are you?我認(rèn)為你不對(duì).不是嗎?知識(shí)點(diǎn)3祈使句分類說明例句祈使句的甚本結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)詞原形(be或?qū)嵙x動(dòng)詞)+其他部分Open the door·打開門祈使句的否定形式一般在句首加dont，有時(shí)也可加neverDon't go home before I arrive.我到之前不要回家。祈使句的強(qiáng)調(diào)有時(shí)為了指明向誰提出請(qǐng)求或命令、加強(qiáng)語氣或喪示感悄色彩，也可以將祈使句的主語表示出來，以起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用。另外，也可以在句首加doTom, you close the TV at once.湯姆，你立刻把電視關(guān)上。Do cone earlier next time(下次一定要早點(diǎn)兒來!其他形式的祈使句以let開頭的析使句Let's read this kook together.咱們一起讀這本書吧。(包括說話者)Let us read this book together.讓我們一起讀這本書吧。(不包括說話者)以no開始的禁止性祈使句No smoking here.這里禁止吸煙。一般表達(dá)Quickly j快點(diǎn)兒!【知識(shí)拓展】為了使祈使句聽起來比較客氣、委婉，可以用下列方法:句首或句尾加please。例如:Sit down, please!請(qǐng)坐!句尾加will you。例如:Call me if you have time, will you?有時(shí)間給我打電話，好嗎?知識(shí)點(diǎn)4感嘆句分類結(jié)構(gòu)例句what引出的感嘆句What + a/an+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+其他!What a beautiful schoolbag!多么漂亮的書包啊!What+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+其他!What interesting books you've bought us!你給我們買的書真有趣!What+形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞+其他!What great fun surfing on the Internet!在網(wǎng)上沖浪真是太有趣了!how引出的感嘆句How+主謂！How time flies!時(shí)間過得真快啊!How+形容詞/副詞+主語+謂語+其他!How cold it is today!今天真冷啊!How+形容詞+a/an+可數(shù)名詞+主謂!How clever a child she is!她是多聰明的孩子啊!How+many/much/few/little+名詞+主謂!How few friends he Can talk with!他能交心的朋友太少了!考點(diǎn)突破考點(diǎn)1 考查疑問句的用法1.一(黔東南中考)一_ will your parents e back? -In a month.A. How long B. When C. How soon D. What time【解析】選C。對(duì)“in+一段時(shí)間，提問，要用how soon“多久”。故選Co2.(巴中中考)一did it take you to finish the work?-About three hours.A. How soon B. How long C. How often【解析】選B, about three hours是一段時(shí)間，對(duì)此提問要用how long，“多長時(shí)間”。故選B,3.(北京中考)一_people are there in your family? -Three. A. How often B. How long C. How often D. How much【解析】選C。由答語可知是對(duì)可數(shù)名詞數(shù)量多少的提問，用how many“多少(個(gè))”。故選C4. (濰坊中考)-一_ do you go to Weifang Theatre?一Once a month.【解析】選B。由答語可知是對(duì)頻率的提問.要用How often“多久一次”。5.(濟(jì)寧中考)-_ are you always staying up so late these days? -To prepare for my final exam. A. How B. Why C. When D. Where 【解析】選B, To prepare for my final exam表示目的，對(duì)此提問要用Why。故選B.考點(diǎn)2考查祈使句的用法6.(黃岡中考)-What are the rules at your school? -Don't run in the hallways and_ arrive late for class. A. not to B. won't C. don't D. no 【解析】選C。答語為and連接的兩個(gè)并列的否定祈使句，要用don't。故選C7.(黃岡中考)-Put some butter on a slice of bread and add a teaspoon of butter. What else? -Next _ some tomatoes. A. cut up B. cuts up C. to cut up D. cutting up【解析】選A。答語為祈使句，祈使句要用動(dòng)詞原形開頭。故選A.8.(廣州中考)-Sorry I'm late. 一_ tell me the bus broke down again!A. Never to B. Not C. Don't D. No【解析】選C 由上下句意可知，答語表示否定含義，要用否定祈使句，句子以動(dòng)詞tell開頭，否定形式是在其前加Don't.考點(diǎn)3考查感嘆句的用法9.(十堰中考)_ weather it is today! A.What hot B. How hot C. What a hot D. How a hot【解析】選A, weather是不可數(shù)名詞，此感嘆句要用What引出。故選A,