2022高考英語 被動(dòng)語態(tài)、條件狀語從句和讓步狀語從句導(dǎo)學(xué)案

2022高考英語 被動(dòng)語態(tài)、條件狀語從句和讓步狀語從句導(dǎo)學(xué)案一、學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)1. 條件狀語從句及其連詞的用法2. 讓步狀語從句及其連詞的用法3. 被動(dòng)語態(tài)二、重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)重點(diǎn)：條件狀語從句、讓步狀語從句及被動(dòng)語態(tài)難點(diǎn)：讓步狀語從句和名詞性從句的區(qū)別三、考情分析這三種語法是高考考查的重點(diǎn)語法，歷年考題中占有重要的地位，一般能在單選中占3-4分；在完形填空中也能占2-3分；我們復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)要特別注意這幾種語法及其做題技巧，認(rèn)真研究近幾年的高考題知識(shí)梳理一、條件狀語從句【教材原句】If you say the word “munication”, most people think of words and sentences.如果你說單詞“交流”，大部分人會(huì)想到單詞和句式If our right hand is busy greeting someone, it cannot be holding a weapon.如果我們的右手忙著問候別人，它就不可能握有武器考點(diǎn)1 引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的從屬連詞【用法】連接詞主要有 if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that, provided, suppose, supposing 等。

例句】You can leave now if you like. 如果你愿意現(xiàn)在就可以走了As long as it doesn’t rain we can go. 只要不下雨，我們就可以去In case I forget, please remind me about it. 萬一我忘記，請(qǐng)?zhí)嵝盐乙幌翴 will e on condition (that) she is invited too. 如果邀請(qǐng)她來, 那我就來He may go with us provided [providing] he arrives in time. 他若及時(shí)到達(dá)，就可以和我們一起走考題鏈接】 they decide which college to go to, students should research the admission procedures.A. As B. While C. Until D. Once答案：D 解題思路：句意：一旦他們決定去哪個(gè)大學(xué)，學(xué)生就應(yīng)該搜索入學(xué)手續(xù)once 一旦，根據(jù)句意選擇D考點(diǎn)2 條件狀語從句的時(shí)態(tài)【用法】當(dāng)主句為將來時(shí)態(tài)或具有將來意義時(shí)，條件狀語從句通常要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來意義，而不能直接使用將來時(shí)態(tài)。

例句】Let’s go out for a walk unless you are too tired.如果你不是太累的話，讓我們出去散步I’ll stay at home if it rains tomorrow. 要是明天下雨，我就呆在家里考題鏈接】We will be losing money this year unless that new economic plan of yours _______ well. A. is working B. works C. will be working D. worked答案：B 解題思路：句意：如果你的那個(gè)新經(jīng)濟(jì)計(jì)劃效果不好的話，我們今年會(huì)失去很多錢在條件狀語從句中，如果主句用一般將來時(shí)態(tài)，那么從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)表示將來意義考點(diǎn)3 if 引導(dǎo)的條件句有真實(shí)條件句和非真實(shí)條件句兩種【用法】真實(shí)條件句表示現(xiàn)實(shí)情況中可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的情況非真實(shí)條件句也叫虛擬條件句，表示與現(xiàn)實(shí)情況相反的假設(shè)情況例句】If it rains tomorrow, we won’t go on a picnic.（真實(shí)條件句）如果明天下雨，我們就不去野餐了。

If I were you, I would go with him. （非真實(shí)條件句）如果我是你，我會(huì)跟他一道去考題鏈接】1. In time of serious accidents, ____ we know some basic things about first aid, we can save lives. A. whether B. until C. if D. unless答案：C 解題思路：句意：遇到嚴(yán)重的事故時(shí)，如果我們了解一些基礎(chǔ)的急救知識(shí)，我們就能挽救生命if如果；unless如果不……2. Mary is ill today. If she _____, she ____ absent from school.A. were not ill, wouldn’t be B. had been ill, wouldn’t have beenC. had been ill, should have been D. hadn’t been ill, could be答案：A 解題思路：句意：瑪麗今天病了如果她不病，她就不會(huì)缺課了。

根據(jù)句意可知是虛擬語氣的句子，并且指的是和現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬，故從句用一般過去時(shí)，而主句用would +do,故答案選A即學(xué)即練1. We all know that, __________, the situation will get worse. A. not if dealt carefully with B. if not carefully dealt withC. if dealt not carefully with D. not if carefully dealt with答案：B 解題思路：句意：我們都了解，這種狀況如果不認(rèn)真處理，會(huì)變的更糟本題考查條件狀語從句及省略當(dāng)主語和主句的主語一致并且有be時(shí)，省略主語和be; B項(xiàng)等于if the situation is not carefully dealt with,…2. _______ I know the money is safe, I shall not worry about it. A. Even though B. Unless C. As long as D. While答案：C 解題思路：句意：只要我知道錢是安全的，我就不會(huì)擔(dān)心了。

even though即使；unless除非；as long as只要；while盡管二、讓步狀語從句考點(diǎn)1 whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however和no matter what/ who/ where/ when/ how等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句注意1：whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however和no matter what/ who/ where/ when/ how等引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)，可以換用，意為：無論……，都……注意2：解這一類題目時(shí)，要注意連詞在讓步狀語從句中所作的句子成分，另外，還要注意從句的語序例句】Whoever did this will sooner or later be caught and will be punished...不管是誰干的這事，早晚要被抓住并受到懲罰Some people enjoy themselves wherever they are...有些人能夠隨遇而安考題鏈接】1. _____ well prepared you are, you still need a lot of luck in mountain climbing. A. However B. Whatever C. No matter D. Although答案：A 解題思路：此題考查however的用法。

句意：無論你準(zhǔn)備的多么充分，在爬山時(shí)仍需要運(yùn)氣however等于no matter how,但no matter不能單獨(dú)用句中的well是副詞，所以用however, 而不用whatever2. No matter how , it is not necessarily lifeless．A. a desert may be dry B. dry a desert may beC. may a desert be dry D. dry may a desert be答案：B 解題思路：句意：沙漠無論多么干燥，它也肯定有生命讓步狀語從句的順序必須是陳述語序，故排除A、C和D考點(diǎn)2 although/though/as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句用法】1. although和though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)意為“盡管，雖然”，二者一般可以換用要注意although 和though不能和but連用，但可以和yet或still連用2. as和though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句，多使用倒裝句通常如果從句中有形容詞或名詞作表語，則把表語置于句首，而且名詞前要省略冠詞；如果從句中有修飾動(dòng)詞的副詞，則將該副詞置于句首；如果從句中有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，則將情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后的動(dòng)詞原形置于句首。

例句】Although/Though he was exhausted,(still) he kept on working. 雖然他已經(jīng)精疲力竭了，但仍然繼續(xù)工作Though I believe it, yet I must consider.盡管我相信這一點(diǎn)，但我還得考慮考慮Hard as/ though he works, he makes little progress. (=Though he works hard, he makes little progress.）盡管他學(xué)習(xí)很努力，但幾乎沒取得什么進(jìn)步Child as/though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.（=Though he was a child, he knew what was the right thing to do.）雖然他是一個(gè)孩子，但他知道該做什么考題鏈接】1._______this is only a small town, it’s crowded with tourists who e here all year round. A. Since B. Unless C. Once D. Although答案：D 解題思路：句意：這僅是個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)，但這里一年到頭擠滿了游客。

although 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句since意為“自從”；unless意為“除非”；once意為“一旦”2. _________, his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting.A. Strange as might it sound　　 B. As it might sound strangeC. As strange it might sound　　 D. Strange as it might sound答案：D 解題思路：句意：盡管聽起來很奇怪as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí),常放在作表語、狀語或謂語的一部分的形容詞、名詞、副詞或動(dòng)詞原形之后如果是單數(shù)名詞或形容詞的最高級(jí)作表語，則不再用冠詞考點(diǎn)3 even if/even though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句【用法】even if/even though意為“即使，盡管”，引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句的內(nèi)容既可以是事實(shí)，也可以是一種假設(shè)例句】We’ll make a trip even if/though the weather is bad. 即使天氣不好，我們也要作一次旅行。

Even if he is poor, she loves him. (=He may be poor, yet she loves him.）即使他很窮，但她還是愛他考題鏈接】Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice, _________ they knew it was valuable. A. as if B. now that C. even though D. so that答案：C 解題思路：句意：盡管他們知道他的建議很有價(jià)值，但許多人都不理會(huì)even though 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，意為“盡管”as if意為“好像”now that意為“既然”so that意為“以便”考點(diǎn)4 while引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句【用法】while引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，意為“盡管，雖然”，相當(dāng)于although例句】While I like the colour, I don’t like the shape.我雖然喜歡那顏色，但不喜歡那形狀考題鏈接】_________ the Internet is of great help, I don’t think it’s a good idea to spend too much time on it. A. If B. While C. Because D. As答案：B 解題思路：句意：網(wǎng)絡(luò)有很大的幫助，我認(rèn)為花太多的時(shí)間在上面沒有好處。

考查狀語從句（從屬連詞的選用），根據(jù)題干含義，顯然需要一個(gè)表轉(zhuǎn)折或讓步的詞，即while，盡管而A是如果，表?xiàng)l件，C是因?yàn)?，表原因，D是因?yàn)楹拖瘛碓蚝头绞娇键c(diǎn)5 whether…or…引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句用法】whether…or…引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，意為“不管……還是……”例句】Whether you believe it or not, it’s true.無論你是否相信，這都是真的Whether or not they win this battle, they won’t win the war.不管他們是否能贏得這次戰(zhàn)役，他們絕不會(huì)贏得這場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)考題鏈接】All people, ______ they are old or young, rich or poor, have been trying their best to help those in need since the disaster. A. even if B. whether C. no matter D. however答案：B 解題思路：句意：所有人，無論老少、窮富，都在盡力幫助那些災(zāi)難后急需幫助的人。

本題考查固定詞組搭配whether…or…表示“無論……還是……”即學(xué)即練1. _________ I always felt I would pass the exam, I never thought I would get an A.A. While B. Once C. If D. Until答案：A 解題思路：考查狀語從句句意為:盡管我總是會(huì)感到我能通過考試,但是我從沒有想過我會(huì)得個(gè)“優(yōu)”A項(xiàng)while引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,表盡管,符合句意;B項(xiàng)once一旦,曾經(jīng);C項(xiàng)if 如果；D項(xiàng)until直到2. _________ hard you try, it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat.A. However B. Whatever C. Whichever D. Whenever答案：A 解題思路：考查狀語從句句意為:無論你多么努力地嘗試,在不減少你的食量的情況下很難減肥A項(xiàng)however無論如何,不管怎樣,符合句意B項(xiàng)whatever無論什么樣;C項(xiàng)whichever無論哪一個(gè);D項(xiàng)whenever無論何時(shí)。

3. —Look at those clouds!—Don’t worry. _________ it rains, we’ll still have a great time.A. Even if B. As though C. In case D. If only答案：A 解題思路：考查連詞句意為：——看看那些烏云!——?jiǎng)e擔(dān)心即使下雨,我們?nèi)匀粫?huì)玩得很開心even if雖然,即使;as though好像,仿佛;in case萬一,以防;if only要是……就好了4. Hot _________ the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.A. although B. as C. while D. however答案：B 解題思路：考查狀語從句和倒裝句意為：盡管晚間的空氣很熱,我們還是睡得很沉,因?yàn)樽吡四敲撮L(zhǎng)的路程后我們累壞了句子前半部分為讓步狀語從句,A項(xiàng)、B項(xiàng)、C項(xiàng)都可表示“盡管”,引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,但此句用了倒裝,表語hot 提前,只有as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句要用倒裝語序, although與while 不能用倒裝,所以B項(xiàng)符合題意。

三、被動(dòng)語態(tài)【教材原句】【基本用法】1. 被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成方式：be + 過去分詞，口語中也可以用get / bee + 過去分詞表示被動(dòng)語態(tài)的基本用法：不知道或沒必要提到動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰時(shí)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)常用被動(dòng)語態(tài)（by短語有時(shí)可以省略）2. 不同時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)動(dòng)詞形式一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)am / is / are +過去分詞 (p.p.)一般過去時(shí)was / were + p.p.一般將來時(shí)shall / will + be + p.p.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am / is / are + being + p.p.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)was / were + being + p.p.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)has / have + been + p.p.過去完成時(shí)had been + p.p.過去將來時(shí)should / would + be + p.p.【例句】The book has been translated into many languages.這本書已經(jīng)譯成了許多語言The machine parts may be needed in our work.這些機(jī)器零件在我們工作中可能被用到考題鏈接】把下列句子變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)1. He plants flowers every year. → 2. I wrote a letter yesterday. → 3. We must obey the school rules. → 4. I won’t believe his story. → 5. They have planted a lot of trees since 1990. → 6. A friend is playing the piano. → 7. I was mending the bike when Tom came in. → 答案：1. Flowers are planted by him every year.2. A letter was written by me yesterday.3. The school rules must be obeyed by us.4. His story won’t be believed by me.5. A lot of trees have been planted by them since 1990.6. The piano is being played by a friend.7. The bike was being mended by me when Tom came in.【特別提醒】1. 當(dāng)句子的謂語為say、believe、expect、think、know、write、consider、report等時(shí)，被動(dòng)語態(tài)有兩種形式：A. 謂語動(dòng)詞用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，動(dòng)詞不定式作主補(bǔ)。

B. 用it作形式主語，真正的主語在后面用主語從句來表示例句】People know paper was made in China first.=It is known that paper was made in China first.=Paper was known to be made in China first.人們知道紙張是中國(guó)先發(fā)明的類似句型有：It is said / known / suggested / believed / hoped/ thought that …【考題鏈接】句型轉(zhuǎn)換1. People suggest that the farmers must grow crops in proper time. = 2. We advise that people should respect the rules.= = 答案：1. It is suggested that the farmers must grow crops in proper time.2. It is advised that people should respect the rules.People are advised to respect the rules.2. 不能用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的幾種情況。

用法】①所有的不及物動(dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞詞組不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)之中②表示狀態(tài)的謂語動(dòng)詞，如：last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit、join、mean、last、look like、consist to等③表示歸屬的動(dòng)詞，如have、own、belong to等④表示“希望、意圖”的動(dòng)詞，如：wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等⑤賓語是反身代詞或相互代詞時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)語態(tài)，不能用被動(dòng)語態(tài)⑥賓語是同源賓語，不定式、動(dòng)名詞等謂語動(dòng)詞不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)⑦有些動(dòng)詞以其主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，特別是當(dāng)主語是物時(shí)，常見的動(dòng)詞有sell、write、wash、open、lock等例句】The books belong to me.這些書是我的The kind of shoes sells well.這種鞋賣的很好The cake tastes very good.這個(gè)蛋糕嘗起來很好吃以上句子都不能變成被動(dòng))【考題鏈接】1. He does not possess a bicycle, this one he uses _________to Peter.A. is belonged B. belonged C. belongs D. is belonging 答案：C 解題思路：本題考查時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)和belong的用法。

belong沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)和進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，故排除A和D；第二句中this one是句子的主語，he uses是省略that的定語從句，根據(jù)he does和he uses可知應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，故選C2. Food supplies in the flood-stricken area_________. We must act immediately before there’s none left.A. have run out B. are running out C. have been run out D. are being run out答案：B 解題思路：考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)run out是不及物動(dòng)詞,不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài),排除C、D;由第二句中的before there’s none left可知,run out是將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,應(yīng)用將來時(shí)have run out是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),表示動(dòng)作的完成;are running out是進(jìn)行時(shí),可以表將來,故選B句意：供應(yīng)洪災(zāi)地區(qū)的食物快用完了我們必須在用完之前立刻采取行動(dòng)即學(xué)即練1. The flowers were so lovely that they_________ in no time. A. sold B. had been sold C. were sold D. would sell答案：C 解題思路：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。

so...that...引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，與主句的時(shí)態(tài)一致，并且they和sell之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故答案選C句意：這些花非常好看，很快就賣光了2. —What do you think of store shopping in the future?—Personally, I think it will exist along with home shopping but_________.A. will never replace B. would never replaceC. will never be replaced D. would never be replaced答案：C 解題思路：考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，but后應(yīng)為一般將來時(shí)；句中主語it指store shopping，but后應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，故選擇C項(xiàng)句意：——你認(rèn)為未來的商場(chǎng)購(gòu)物會(huì)如何？——依我看，商場(chǎng)購(gòu)物會(huì)和家庭購(gòu)物并存，但是永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)被代替3. Would you please keep silent? The weather report _________ and I want to listen. A. is broadcast B. is being broadcastC. has been broadcast D. had been broadcast答案：B 解題思路：考查現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。

由I want to listen可知天氣預(yù)報(bào)正在被播出，故用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)句意：你能保持安靜嗎？天氣預(yù)報(bào)正在播報(bào)，我想聽聽4. The vegetables didn’t taste very good. They _________ for too long.A. cooked B. were cooked C. had cooked D. had been cooked 答案：D 解題思路：本題考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)根據(jù)cook和上句中taste動(dòng)作的比較可知，cook是先發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，故應(yīng)該用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)；并且they和cook之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)句意：這個(gè)菜不好吃它們被烹煮的時(shí)間過長(zhǎng)了5. The attackers were arrested and didn’t know where they ________.A. would take B. are taken C. were being taken D. will be taken答案：C 解題思路：本題考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。

根據(jù)didn’t know 可知，空格處也應(yīng)該用過去的某種時(shí)態(tài)，所以B、D不正確；根據(jù)句意可知此處用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，故選C句意為：襲擊者被捕了，他們不知道正被帶往何處。