（江蘇專版）2020版高考英語 考前保分訓(xùn)練 專題3 閱讀理解 第3節(jié) 議論文練習(xí) 牛津譯林版

第3節(jié)　議論文 題組訓(xùn)練一 1 話題：一分錢硬幣是否取消 難度：★★ 建議用時：7分鐘 Canadastoppedmakingpenniesin2012，andwithgoodreason.Coiningpenniesisamoney-losingbusiness，andpeopledon’treallyneedthemanymore.ThesameistrueintheUnitedStates.Itcosts$1.43toproduce100pennies.Lastyear，makingpenniescosttaxpayersalmost$39million. Andforwhat？Thefederalgovernmentmakesanddistributescoinstobenefitcommerce，butnotmuchcanbeboughtforlessthanfivecents.Thankstothemagicofinflation，whatcostapennyin1950requiresadimetoday. Ineffect，removingthepennymeansallretail(零售) priceswouldendinzeroorfive.Somepriceswouldrisebyafewpennies；somewouldberoundeddown.Pricesthatendin99centsarecommon，andpennysupportershavearguedthatremovingpennieswouldamounttoaone-centsalestax.ButRobertWhaples，aneconomistatWakeForestUniversity，actuallyexaminedthisclaimbylookingatpricingdatafromachainofconveniencestores.Hereportedthatthesavingsfrompricesroundeddownwouldroughlyoffsetthecostofpricesroundedup.Indeed，consumersmightactuallybenefit. YetAmericansliketheshinycoppers(銅幣).Ina2014poll,71percentofrespondentssaidtheydidpickuppennies.And43percentsaidtheywouldbe“disappointed”or“angry”ifthegovernmentstoppedmakingthembecauseAbrahamLincolnisonthefront. MrPresident，however，doesnotnumberamongthesentimentalists.Hesaidin2017hesawnoreasontomakepennies.“It’soneofthosethingswhereIthinkpeoplegetattachedemotionallytothewaythingshavebeen，”hesaid.Healsoofferedwhatisprobablythebestexplanationforthecontinuedproductionofpennies：Congressstrugglestoaccomplisheventhemostobvioustasks. Thepenny，MrPresidentsaid，is“agoodmetaphor(隱喻) forsomeofthelargerproblemsthatwe’vegot”.Thegovernment，hesaid，hasapoortrackrecordof“gettingridofthingsthatdon’tworksothatwecantheninvestinthethingsthatdo”. 語篇解讀　本文是一篇議論文。既然一分錢硬幣幾乎沒有實用價值，那為什么不取消呢？文章探討了其中的幾個原因。 1.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph? A.AmericawillfollowCanadatoremovethepenny. B.MakingpenniesisfarfromunprofitableinAmerica. C.Americaseemstobelosingthenecessitytomakepennies. D.Thenegativeimpactofpenniesisoutweighingthepositiveone. 答案　C 解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容，尤其是“Coiningpennies...peopledon’treallyneedthemanymore.ThesameistrueintheUnitedStates...million”可知，和在加拿大一樣，在美國鑄造一分錢硬幣是一件賠錢的事情，并且人們已經(jīng)不再需要它了。每鑄造100個一分錢硬幣，就要耗費1.43美元。去年，鑄造一分錢硬幣花費了納稅人近3900萬美元。這都說明，對美國而言，鑄造這種硬幣似乎沒有必要了。故選C。 2.Whydosomepeopledefendthepenny? A.Toreducethesalestax. B.Toexpresstheirloveofcoppers. C.ToshowtheirrespectforLincoln. D.Tomaintainthebenefitsofconsumers. 答案　D 解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Pricesthatend...pennysupportershavearguedthatremovingpennieswouldamounttoaone-centsalestax.”和“Indeed，consumersmightactuallybenefit.”可知，支持使用一分錢硬幣的人士認為取消一分錢硬幣會損害消費者的利益，也就是說他們維護一分錢硬幣的目的是維護消費者的利益。故選D。 3.WhatisMrPresident’sattitudetowardmakingpennies? A.Negative. B.Positive. C.Defensive. D.Objective. 答案　A 解析　觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后兩段的內(nèi)容，尤其是“hesawnoreasontomakepennies”“agoodmetaphor(隱喻) forsomeofthelargerproblemsthatwe’vegot”“hasapoortrackrecordof‘gettingridofthingsthatdon’tworksothatwecantheninvestinthethingsthatdo’”可知，總統(tǒng)先生曾表示，他覺得沒有理由再鑄造一分錢硬幣了。他還覺得一分錢硬幣是“一個很好的隱喻，象征著我們存在的一些更大的問題”，而且在“去除已經(jīng)沒有用的東西，以便我們在可行的東西上進行投入”方面，政府做得很差。由此可推知，總統(tǒng)先生對鑄造一分錢硬幣持消極態(tài)度。故選A。 2 話題：薯片分量減少 難度：★★ 建議用時：7分鐘 Thisisgoingtoruffleafewfeathers(激怒). PepsiCopurposelypacksfewerchipsintoitsflavoredchipbags，HughJohnston，thecompany’sCFO，toldtheAssociatedPress.“Theremightbeanounceortwolessinthosebags，”Johnstonsaid.Actually，it’shalfanounceless.RegularLay’saresoldin10-ouncebags；flavoredLay’saresoldin9.5-ouncebags；andbotharesoldforthesame$4.29price.Thatmightnotsoundlikealot，butitwillsoundlikealotwithabitofsimplemath. Americansbuysome$1.6billionworthofLay’spotatochipseveryyear.Muchofthatissoldinbulk—ormerelyinbagsbiggerthanthestandardonesmentionedabove.Butlet’sassumeforasecondthatthose10-ouncebagsaretheonlyonesLay’ssells.Thatwouldmeanthecompanysellsmorethan372millionbagsofLay’sintheU.S.eachyear—or3.72billionouncesofchips，atabout43centsperounce.Itwouldalsomeanthatthathalf-ouncedifferenceisworthabout21.5centsperbag，andabout$80millionintotalperyear. Thatnumberislikelyagooddeallower，butit’snotentirelyunreasonable.IfLay’sischarginganextrapaymentforthesmallerflavoredchipbags，it’slikelydoingthesameforthebiggerones，too.Thattinyhalf-ouncedifferencemightonlymeanapotatochiportwotoyou，butit’sprobablyworthtensofmillionsofdollarstoPepsiCoannually. PepsiCoconfirmedthatflavoredandunflavoredLay’schipsaresoldforthesameprice，butnotinthesamequantity.“Thisallowsustokeepthesamepricepointacrossthebrand，”JeffDahnckesaidinane-mail.Healsosuggestedthatthechipdifferencehasnothingtodowithextraprofit.“Thereasonwhythereisaslightlyhigherpriceperounceforflavoredchipsistheaddedseasonings(調(diào)味品)，”hesaid.Butthatdoesn’tappeartobethecase. Someofthemark-upsaresimplymeanttomakeupfortheaddedinputcostsofcheese，barbecue，sourcreamandonion，andotherflavorings.Butsomeofthemarealsothere (ornotthere) toincreasethepotatochipmaker’sprofits.PepsiCohasasoftspotforitsspecialtypotatochips，becauseitsspecialtypotatochipsaremoreprofitablethanitsregularones，accordingtoJohnston. Perhapsthat’swhyLay’sisgettingreadytolaunchamassofnewspecialtypotatochipflavors.ThelaunchispartofPepsiCo’sannual“DoUsaFlavor”contest，inwhichitletscustomersparticipateintheflavorcreationprocess. 語篇解讀　本文是一篇議論文。百事對單包風(fēng)味薯片偷偷減少分量，其辯解說是為了彌補原料上的額外費用，但作者認為并不是那樣，其實就是為了提高利潤。 4.WhatdidPepsiCodotoarousepublicdissatisfaction? A.Theyraisedthepriceoftheirflavoredchips. B.Theygaveshortweighttotheirflavoredchips. C.Theychangedtheflavorsoftheirpotatochips. D.Theyputmoreseasoningsintotheirpotatochips. 答案　B 解析　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容及第二段中的“PepsiCopurposelypacksfewerchipsintoitsflavoredchipbags”可知，百事在單包風(fēng)味薯片上減少分量，這導(dǎo)致爭議。giveshortweight是固定用法，意為“缺斤少兩”。故選B。 5.HowisParagraph3mainlydeveloped? A.Bylistingfigures. B.Bygivingexamples. C.Byanalyzingcauses. D.Bymakingcomparisons. 答案　A 解析　寫作手法題。根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容，尤其是其中的“some$1.6billion”“10-ouncebags”“morethan372millionbags”“3.72billionouncesofchips，atabout43centsperounce”“about21.5centsperbag”“about$80million”可知，作者主要是通過列數(shù)據(jù)的方式來陳述第三段的內(nèi)容。故選A。 6.WhydoLay’sflavoredchipschargemoreperounceaccordingtoJeffDahncke? A.Tomakemoreprofits. B.Toupgradetheirproducts. C.Tobalanceadditionalcosts. D.Tosatisfymorepeople’staste. 答案　C 解析　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的“Thereasonwhythereisaslightlyhigherpriceperounceforflavoredchipsistheaddedseasonings(調(diào)味品)”，并結(jié)合倒數(shù)第二段中的“tomakeupfortheaddedinputcosts”可知，據(jù)JeffDahncke所言，風(fēng)味薯片每盎司要價提高是因為添加了調(diào)味品，而百事不足量地包裝其薯片是為了彌補由此造成的額外費用。故選C。 7.Whichcanreplacetheunderlinedphrase“hasasoftspotfor”inthelastbutoneparagraph? A.Hasasayin. B.Hasalookat. C.Hasaccessto. D.Hasaffectionfor. 答案　D 解析　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“becauseitsspecialtypotatochipsaremoreprofitablethanitsregularones”及最后一段第一句“Perhapsthat’swhyLay’sisgettingreadytolaunchamassofnewspecialtypotatochipflavors.”可知，百事公司賣特色薯片比賣普通薯片更賺錢，而且他們亦準(zhǔn)備推出一大批新的特色薯片口味，并舉行比賽讓顧客參與其創(chuàng)造過程。由此可推知，百事公司對自己的特色薯片應(yīng)是情有獨鐘的，畫線短語hasasoftspotfor應(yīng)是“喜歡某人(或某物)”之意。故選D。 3 話題：關(guān)于意志力的研究 難度：★★ 建議用時：7分鐘 (2019·江西師范大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)三模) Alargebodyofresearchhasbeendevelopedinrecentyearstoexplainmanyaspectsofwillpower.Mostoftheresearchersexploringself-controldosowithanobviousgoalinmind：Howcanwillpowerbestrengthened？Ifwillpoweristrulyalimitedresource，astheresearchsuggests，whatcanbedonetomakeitstaystrong? Avoidingtemptation(誘惑) isaneffectivemethodformaintainingself-control，whichiscalledthe“outofsight，outofmind”principle.Onerecentstudy，forinstance，foundofficeworkerslessattractedtocandyinthedeskdrawerthanthatontopoftheirdesks，inplainsight. Theresearchsuggestingthatwepossessalimitedreservoirofself-controlraisesatroublingquestion.Whenwefacetoomanytemptations，arewetofail? Notnecessarily.Researchersdon’tbelievethatone’swillpowerisevercompletelyexhausted.Rather，peopleappeartoholdsomewillpowerinreserve，savedforfuturedemands.Therightmotivationallowsustotapintothosereserves，allowingustocarryonevenwhenourself-controlstrengthhasbeenrundown.Highmotivationmighthelpovercomeweakenedwillpower—atleasttoapoint. Willpowermayalsobemadelessvulnerable(脆弱)tobeingexhaustedinthefirstplace.Researcherswhostudyself-controloftendescribeitasbeinglikeamusclethatgetstiredwithheavyuse.Butthereisanotheraspecttothemusclecomparison，theysay.Whilemusclesbecomeexhaustedbyexerciseintheshortterm，theyarestrengthenedbyregularexerciseinthelongterm.Similarly，regularpracticesofself-controlmayimprovewillpowerstrength. Theevidencefromwillpower-exhaustionstudiesalsosuggeststhatmakingalistofresolutionsonNewYear’sEveistheworstpossibleapproach.Beingexhaustedinoneareacanreducewillpowerinotherareas，soitmakesmoresensetofocusonasinglegoalatatime.Inotherwords，don’ttrytoquitsmoking，adoptahealthydietandstartanewexerciseplanatthesametime.Takinggoalsonebyoneisabetterapproach.Onceagoodhabitisinplace，Baumeistersays，you’llnolongerneedtodrawonyourwillpowertomaintainthebehavior.Eventuallyhealthyhabitswillbecomeroutine，andwon’trequiremakingdecisionsatall. 語篇解讀　這是一篇議論文。短文列舉了關(guān)于意志力的幾種研究和觀點，作者認為有了明確的目標(biāo)，良好的自我監(jiān)督和練習(xí)，就可以在面對誘惑時使意志力保持堅定。 8.Fromthestudiesinthepassagewelearnthat. A.peoplehaveunlimitedself-control B.highmotivationensuresone’ssuccess C.willpowerishardlycompletelyexhausted D.toomanytemptationsoftenleadtofailure 答案　C 解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第四、五句可知，研究人員不相信人的意志力會完全耗盡，他們還有備用的和為將來需求節(jié)省的意志力。所以從文章中的研究我們了解到意志力很難完全耗盡。故C選項正確。 9.Theunderlinedphrase“tapinto”inParagraph3mostprobablymeans“”. A.makeuseofB.runoutof C.buildD.increase 答案　A 解析　詞義猜測題。由第三段“Therightmotivationallowsustotapintothosereserves，allowingustocarryonevenwhenourself-controlstrengthhasbeenrundown.”可知，正確的動機使我們能夠利用這些儲備，即使我們的自我控制能力已經(jīng)被削弱，我們?nèi)匀豢梢岳^續(xù)前進。所以通過上下文的語境，判斷出“tapinto”指“利用”，與makeuseof同義。故A選項正確。 10.Theauthorcomparesself-controltomuscles. A.toprovethelong-termeffectofwillpower B.toshowthesignificanceofregularexercise C.toarguethatself-controlcanheeasilyusedup D.toexplainthebenefitsofpracticingself-control 答案　D 解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段最后兩句的內(nèi)容“雖然肌肉在短期內(nèi)會因運動而疲憊不堪，但長期而言，它們會通過經(jīng)常鍛煉而增強。同樣，規(guī)律的自我控制可以提高意志力?！笨芍?，兩者相比是為了說明同一個道理：長期的鍛煉和自我控制的好處。所以作者把自我控制比作肌肉是為了解釋自我控制的好處。故D選項正確。 11.Todevelopagoodhabit，whichofthefollowingdoestheauthorprefer? A.“Iwillgiveupdessertanddoexercise.” B.“Iwillsetthreegoalsthisnewsemester.” C.“IwillreadanEnglishnoveleverymonth.” D.“Iwillkeepmyselffromanytemptation.” 答案　C 解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后三句的內(nèi)容“一個接一個地制定目標(biāo)是一個更好的方法。一旦養(yǎng)成好習(xí)慣，你就不再需要依靠意志力來維持自己的行為。最終健康的習(xí)慣將成為慣例，而且不需要做任何決定?！笨芍?，C項“IwillreadanEnglishnoveleverymonth.”是先設(shè)立目標(biāo)，然后成為好習(xí)慣，作者更喜歡這種目標(biāo)。故C選項正確。 題組訓(xùn)練二 1 話題：溫室氣體 難度：★★ 建議用時：7分鐘 Thesedayseveryoneisworriedaboutthesizeoftheircarbonfootprint.Inordertoreduceglobalwarming，weneedtomakeourcarbonfootprintssmaller.ButhowmuchCO2areweresponsiblefor? AnewbookbyMikeBerners-Lee (aleadingexpertincarbonfootprint) mightbeabletohelp.TheCarbonFootprintofEverythinglooksatthedifferentthingswedoandbuy，andcalculatestheamountofCO2theyproduce，includingtheingredients，theelectricity，theequipment，thetransportandthepackaging.Andit’sfrighteninghowmuchcarbondioxideeverythingproduces. Butallofthiscanhelpusdecidewhichbeertodrink.FromBerners-Lee’scalculations，it’sclearthatapint (568ml) oflocally-brewed(釀制的) beerhasasmallercarbonfootprintthanabottleofimportedbeer.Thisisbecausetheimportedbeerhasbeentransportedfromfaraway，anditusesmorepackaging.Thelocalbeeronlyproduces300gofCO2，buttheimportedbeerproduces900g! So，onepintoflocalbeerisbetterfortheenvironmentthanthreecansofcheapforeignbeerfromthesupermarket. Berners-Leehasevencalculatedthecarbonfootprintofcyclingtowork.Nothingismoreenvironmentally-friendlythanridingabike，surely? Well，itdependsonwhatyou’vehadtoeatbefore.Torideabikeweneedenergyandforenergyweneedfood.So，ifweeatabananaandthenrideakilometerandahalf，ourfootprintis65gofCO2.However，ifweeatbaconbeforethebikeride，it’s200g.Infact，bananasaregoodingeneralbecausetheydon’tneedpackaging.Theycanbetransportedbyboatandtheygrowinnaturalsunlight. So，doesthismeanthatcyclingisbadfortheenvironment? Absolutelynot.Ifyoucycle，youdon’tuseyourcar；andthefewercarsontheroad，thefewertrafficjams.AndcarsintrafficjamsproducethreetimesmoreCO2thancarstravellingatspeed.Cyclingalsomakesyouhealthyandlesslikelytogotoahospital.Andhospitalshaveverybigcarbonfootprints! So，maybeit’stimeforusalltostartmakingsomechanges.Passmeabananaandapintoflocalbeer，please. 語篇解讀　這是一篇議論文。文章作者鼓勵大家采取行動，減少溫室氣體的排放，并說明了一些具體的做法。 1.Whichofthefollowingsproducesthesmallestcarbonfootprints? A.Apintoflocalbeer. B.Abottleofimportedbeer. C.Abananabeforea1.5kmbikeride. D.Baconbeforea1.5kmbikeride. 答案　C 解析　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Thelocalbeeronlyproduces300gofCO2，buttheimportedbeerproduces900g！”和第四段中的“So，ifweeatabananaandthenrideakilometerandahalf，ourfootprintis65gofCO2.However，ifweeatbaconbeforethebikeride，it’s200g.”可知，吃一根香蕉然后騎1.5公里自行車產(chǎn)生的碳足跡最小，故選C。 2.Accordingtothearticle，theauthorsuggestschoosingthelocalfoodbecauseitis. A.moretasty B.easiertobuy C.betterpackaged D.moreenergy-saving 答案　D 解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Thisisbecausetheimportedbeerhasbeentransportedfromfaraway，anditusesmorepackaging.Thelocalbeeronlyproduces300gofCO2，buttheimportedbeerproduces900g! So，onepintoflocalbeerisbetterfortheenvironmentthanthreecansofcheapforeignbeerfromthesupermarket.”可推斷出，作者建議選擇當(dāng)?shù)氐氖澄?，因為它更?jié)能，故選D。 3.Thepurposeofwritingthisarticleisto. A.promoteanewbook B.advertisetheimportedbeer C.instructhowtomeasurethecarbonfootprint D.encouragepeopletoreducetheproductionofCO2 答案　D 解析　寫作意圖題。通讀全文，尤其是文章第一段可知，文章是鼓勵大家采取行動，減少溫室氣體的排放的，故選D。 2 話題：暑假 難度：★★★ 建議用時：8分鐘 YoureturnfromworkonanAugustevening.YourunwashedteenagesonisonthesofawatchingTV，ashehasbeendoingforthepasteighthours.Yourdaughter，gluedtotheiPad，acknowledgesyourpresencewithagrunt(咕噥).Notforthefirsttime，youaskyourself：Whyareschoolsummerholidayssoinsufferablylong? Thisisamoreseriousquestionthanitsounds.Manychildrenwillreturnfromthelongbreakhavingforgottenmuchofwhattheyweretaughtthepreviousyear.Onestudyfoundthatthis“summerlearningloss”couldbeashighasaquarteroftheyear’seducation.Poorchildrentendtobetheworstaffected，sincerichonestypicallyliveinhomesfullofbooksandarepackedofftosummercamptolearnrobotics，Latinorpiano.AstudyfromBatimorefoundthatvariations(差別) insummerlossmightpossiblyaccountfortwo-thirdsoftheachievementgapbetweenrichandpoorchildrenbytheageof14－15.Longholidayssurelystrainthebudgetsofpoorfamilies，sincefreeschoolmealsstopandextrachildcarekicksin. Moretimeinschoolneednotmeanrepeatingthesameoldlessons.Someextrapracticewouldbebeneficial，particularlyforthosefallingbehind.Butthesummercouldalsobeatimefordifferentkindsoflearning：criticalthinking，practicalskills，internship(實習(xí))—schoolsshouldbefreetoexperiment.Spaceshouldnotbeaproblem.Manyschoolbuildingssitvacantinthesummer. Well-offchildrenoftenalreadyusethesummertobroadentheirmindsandpolishtheircollegeapplicationsapricycampsordoingsummerjobsfoundthroughconnections.Schoolsshouldhelptherestcatchup.Otherpublicservicesdonotsimplydisappearforaquarteroftheyear.Itwouldbeunthinkableforhospitalsorthepolicetodoso.Sowhydoschoolsgetawaywithit? 語篇解讀　本文是一篇議論文。文章論述了放暑假給學(xué)生帶來的一些問題，并呼吁學(xué)校在暑假期間為學(xué)生們提供一些額外的學(xué)習(xí)項目。 4.Paragraph2mainlydiscussesthedifferentinfluenceofonchildren’s“summerlearningloss”. A.finance B.intelligence C.culture D.activities 答案　A 解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知，該段主要講述家境好的孩子在暑假期間可以學(xué)習(xí)拉丁舞、鋼琴或者參加夏令營，而家境貧窮的孩子則無法通過暑期學(xué)習(xí)增長知識、開闊眼界；再結(jié)合該段最后一句中的“Longholidayssurelystrainthebudgetsofpourfamilies”可推知，本段主要論述了家庭經(jīng)濟條件的不同給孩子們的暑假生活帶來的不同影響。故選A。 5.Whatcouldschoolsdoduringsummerholidays? A.Reviewingpreviouslessons. B.Offeringvariousinternship. C.Providingextralearning. D.Tutoringpoorstudents. 答案　C 解析　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二、三句中的“Someextrapracticewouldbebeneficial”和“atimefordifferentkindsoflearning”可知，學(xué)?？梢栽谑罴倨陂g給學(xué)生提供一些額外的學(xué)習(xí)機會。故選C。 6.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestbymentioning“hospitalsandthepolice”inthelastparagraph? A.Hospitalsandthepolicedeservepraisefortheirservice. B.Schoolsshouldremaininserviceduringsummerholidays. C.Childrencouldtakeadvantageofpublicserviceforsummerjobs. D.Somefunctionsofhospitalsandthepolicecouldbeservedinschools. 答案　B 解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后三句可知，其他公共服務(wù)機構(gòu)不會每年消失一個季度，而是全年開放。如果醫(yī)院和警察局每年也有一個季度不開放的話，那簡直無法想象，所以為什么學(xué)校可以是個例外呢？由此可推知，作者舉醫(yī)院和警察局的例子是建議學(xué)校在暑假期間也應(yīng)該開放。故選B。 3 話題：購物 難度：★★★ 建議用時：8分鐘 Abargainissomethingofferedatalowandadvantageousprice.Amorerecentdefinitionis：abargainisadirtytricktoforcemoneyoutofthepocketsofsillyandinnocentpeople. Thecostofproducinganew—forexample—toothpastewouldmake80ptheproperpriceforit，sowewillmarketitat￡1.20.Itisnotabadtoothpaste，andaspeopleliketotrynewthingsitwillsellwelltostartwith；buttheattractionofnovelty(新奇) soonfades，sosaleswillfall.Whenthathappenswewillreducethepriceto￡1.15.Andwewillturnitintoabargainbyprinting5pOFFalloverit. Sometimesitisnot5pOFFbut1pOFF.Whatbreathtakingrudenesstoadvertise1pOFFyoursoaporwashingpowderorwhatever！Eventhepoorestold-agepensioner(領(lǐng)養(yǎng)老金者) oughttoregardthisasaninsult(侮辱)，buthedoesn’t.Abargainmustnotbemissed.Peoplesayonehastohavewashingpowder(orwhatever) andonemightaswellbuyitapennycheaper. Therealdangerstartswhenunnecessarythingsbecome“bargains”.Manypeoplejustcannotresistbargains.Providedtheythinktheyaregettingabargaintheywillbuyclothestheywillneverwearorfurnituretheyhavenospacefor.OnceIheardofamanwhoboughtanelectricsawasabargainandcutofftwoofhisfingersthenextday.Buthehadnoregrets：thesawhadbeentrulycheap. Quiteafewpeopleactuallybelievethattheymakemoneyonsuchbargains.Aladyoncetoldme：“I’vehadaluckydaytoday.Iboughtadressfor￡120，reducedfrom￡400；andIboughtabeautifulPersiancarpetfor￡600，reducedfrom￡900.”Itwillneveroccurtoherthatshehasactuallywasted￡720.Shefeelsasthoughshehadmade￡580.Shealsofeels，Iamsure，thatifshehadmoretimeforshopping，shecouldmakealivingoutofit. Somepeoplebuyinlargequantitiesbecauseitischeaper.Onceacoupleboughtenoughsugarfortheirlifetimeandthelifetimeoftheirchildrenandgrandchildren.Theythoughtitabargainnottobemissed.Whenthesugararrivedtheydidn’tknowwheretostoreit—untiltheyrealizedthattheirtoiletwasaveryspacious(寬敞的) one.Sothatwaswheretheypileduptheirsugar.Notonlydidtheirguestsfeelratherstrangewhenevertheywereofferedsugartoputintotheircoffee，butthetoiletbecameextremelysticky(粘性的). Toofferbargainsisacommercialtricktomakethepoorpoorer.Whengreedyfoolsfallforthistrick，itservesthemright. 語篇解讀　這是一篇議論文，講述人們購物時盲目追求折扣卻有可能造成不理性消費的現(xiàn)象。 7.Whichwordbestdescribesthelanguagestyleofthepassage? A.Polite. B.Foolish. C.Humorous. D.Serious. 答案　C 解析　推理判斷題。通過全文給出的幾個例子，如第四段買電鋸結(jié)果把自己的手指鋸了，倒數(shù)第二段的買了太多的糖結(jié)果放衛(wèi)生間了等都能看出這是一種幽默的手法，故選C。 8.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinthefirstparagraphmean? A.Abargainisworthmuch. B.Thepoorlikebargains. C.Abargainisnotworthbuying. D.Onlyafoolbuysabargain. 答案　C 解析　句意理解題。根據(jù)文章全文內(nèi)容并結(jié)合文章第一句話可知，本文主要告訴讀者，購買便宜貨要慎重，因為可能有陷阱，容易上當(dāng)，所以得出結(jié)論，便宜貨不值得買。故C項符合語境。 9.FromParagraph5，weknowthatthelady. A.wastoofoolishtobuythosebargainsthatwereuseless B.focusedtoomuchattentiononthediscountinsteadofherneed C.wantedtomakealivingbysellingclothes D.actuallywasted￡580tobuythedressoflowquality 答案　B 解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵句可知，這位女士只覺得自己好像從打折中“賺”了580英鎊，而根本沒有想到自己其實可能是浪費了720英鎊，因為買回來的這些便宜貨未必會用得著。由此可知B項符合語境。 10.Whichstatementwilltheauthorprobablyagreewith? A.Bargainsarethingspeopledon’treallyneed. B.Bargainsareoftenrealcheapproducts. C.Bargainshelppeoplemakealiving. D.Bargainsplaytricksonpeople. 答案　D 解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章，大甩賣不一定買到的都是需要的東西。故A選項絕對化了。由文章可知，大甩賣往往是某種刺激消費，如文中提到的買衣服和地毯的女性，買糖的夫婦，及最后一段第一句中的關(guān)鍵詞commercialtrick判斷便宜銷售就是商家玩的把戲，人們可能會因為盲目追求折扣而不理性消費，故B、C兩項均可排除。故選D。 題組訓(xùn)練三 1 話題：詞源研究 難度：★★ 建議用時：7分鐘 Etymology，thestudyofwordsandwordroots，maysoundlikethekindofthingdonebyboringlibrariansinsmall，dustyrooms.Yetetymologistsactuallyhaveauniquelyinterestingjob.Theyareinmanywaysjustlikearchaeologists(考古學(xué)家) diggingupthephysicalhistoryofpeopleandevents.Thespecialaspectofetymologyisthatitdigsuphistory，sotospeak，throughthewordsandphrasesthatareleftbehind. TheEnglishlanguage，inparticular，isagreatfieldtoexplorehistorythroughwords.Asalanguage，Englishhasanextraordinarynumberofwords.Thisispartlyduetoitsabilitytoadaptforeignwordssoreadily.Forexample，“English”wordssuchaskindergarten(fromGerman)，croissant(fromFrench)，andcheetah(fromHindi) havebecomepartofthelanguagewithlittleornochangefromtheiroriginalsoundsandspellings.SoEnglish-languageetymologistshaveavastworldofwordstoexplore. Anotherenjoyablethingaboutetymologyformostwordexpertsissolvingwordmysteries(謎).No，etymologistsdonotgoaroundsolvingmurders，likethegreatdetectiveSherlockHolmes.Whatthesewordexpertssolveare